High Power Input Coupler Research Articles

Electromagnetic field compensation to attenuate energy leakage in TM020 mode damped cavity

This paper discusses the TM020 mode Higher-order Mode (HOM) damped cavity, which has a higher quality factor and lower characteristic impedance than the conventional TM010 mode. The unique electromagnetic field (EMF) distribution of the TM020 mode allows for an absorber to be placed at the magnetic field wave node, protecting the working mode while suppressing the HOMs. However, the introduction of high power input couplers and other structures can cause an asymmetrical EMF distribution, leading to operating mode leakage.To address this, EMF compensation methods are applied to the high power input coupler to achieve symmetrical EMF distribution, reducing operating mode loss. Overcoupling of the high power input coupler and the resonant cavity can significantly affect local EMF distribution, causing TM020 mode asymmetry. A tab structure at the coupler port are used to compensate for coupler-induced perturbations, attenuating EMF leakage.The paper proposes electromagnetic compensation structure schemes to mitigate working mode EMF leakage. The reliability of the scheme is demonstrated by the analysis of radiofrequency performance and other aspects through simulation software.

Multipacting study for fundamental power coupler of a superconducting cavity

The research work of Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is in progress. A 499.8 MHz superconducting cavity will be used in the HALF RF system. The preliminary RF design and thermal analysis for the fundamental power coupler (FPC) of HALF 499.8 MHz superconducting cavity have been completed. Multipacting (MP) is one of the major causes of the breakdown in many high power input couplers and RF cavities, thus, MP simulation for our FPC is necessary. In this paper, the MP simulation for the FPC was performed by using the CST. The MP performance of the FPC was studied. The formation process of the MP in the FPC was investigated and the physical mechanism of the delay of the MP establishment was analyzed. The simulation results show that MP will occur when the power level is higher than 175 kW, and the MP location is near the ceramic. Therefore, MP suppression is required in the FPC. In order to suppress the MP, the effect of the biasing DC electric voltage to MP in the FPC was analyzed in this paper. The simulation results indicates that the biasing DC electric voltage not only can suppress the MP, but also can excites new MP in the coupler. Thus, it is crucial to select the appropriate biasing DC electric voltage for the MP suppression in the coupler. The results show that the MP in the FPC can be suppressed very well by using 2 kV or 3 kV biasing DC electric voltage.

Coupled electromagnetic-fluid-thermal analysis of gas-cooled high power input coupler for a 166.6 MHz proof-of principle superconducting cavity

Five 166.6 MHz beta = 1 quarter-wave resonator (QWR) superconducting cavities (SC) have been chosen for the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a 6 GeV kilometer-scale diffraction-limited storage light source to be built in Beijing suburb. Each cavity is equipped with one high power input coupler to deliver over 180 kW RF power in continuous mode (cw). Overheating and the result in excessive heat load, even quench were observed during the horizontal test of the first proof-of principle (PoP) cavity. To find the overheating reason, a dedicated two-way coupled electromagnetic-fluid-thermal simulation of the helium gas-cooled coupler was carried out by Ansys solver. This paper presents some key parameters of the coupler calculated by the two-way coupled electromagnetic-fluid-thermal numerical simulation and the accuracy of the simulation was proved by comparing with the horizontal test results. Based on the electromagnetic-fluid-thermal coupling analysis, this paper takes into account the inlet gas temperature and flow rate on the temperature distribution, electromagnetic loss distribution, and 4.2 K heat load of the coupler. Furthermore, the occurrence conditions of overheating and quench are explored and some improvement suggestions of the coupler structure are given.

Design of the High Power Input Coupler for CEPC Main Ring Cavity

Design of the High Power Input Coupler for CEPC Main Ring Cavity

Mitigation of multipacting, enhanced by gas condensation on the high power input coupler of a superconducting RF module, by comprehensive warm aging

Excitation of multipacting, enhanced by gas condensation on cold surfaces of the high power input coupler in a SRF module poses the highest challenge for reliable SRF operation under high average RF power. This could prevent the light source SRF module from being operated with a desired high beam current. Off-line long-term reliability tests have been conducted for the newly constructed 500-MHz SRF KEKB type modules at an accelerating RF voltage of 1.6-MV to enable prediction of their operational reliability in the 3-GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), since prediction from mere production performance by conventional horizontal test is presently unreliable. As expected, operational difficulties resulting from multipacting, enhanced by gas condensation, have been identified in the course of long-term reliability test. Our present hypothesis is that gas condensation can be slowed down by preserving the vacuum pressure at the power coupler close to that reached just after its cool down to liquid helium temperatures. This is achievable by reduction of the power coupler out-gassing rate through comprehensive warm aging. Its feasibility and effectiveness has been experimentally verified in a second long term reliability test. Our success opens the possibility to operate the SRF module free of multipacting trouble and opens a new direction to improve the operational performance of next generation SRF modules in light sources with high beam currents.

Energy recovery injectors

This article presents a novel design for a superconducting rf electron injector that incorporates energy recovery. This concept relaxes the demands of high power input couplers, improves essential beam parameters and energy efficiency and reduces the overall cost of a compact energy recovery linac machine.

Development of a 500 MHz high power RF test stand

A flexible high power RF test stand has been designed and constructed at IHEP to test a variety of 500 MHz superconducting RF components for the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC II), such as the input coupler, the higher order modes (HOMs) absorber and so on. A high power input coupler has been conditioned and tested with the RF power up to 250 kW in continuous wave (CW), traveling wave (TW) mode and 150 kW CW in standing wave (SW) mode. A prototype of the HOMs absorber has been tested to absorb power of 4.4 kW. An introduction of the test stand design, construction and high power tests is presented in this paper.

Status of the IHEP 1.3 GHz superconducting RF program

The 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology is one of the key technologies for the ILC and future XFEL and ERL projects in China. With the aim to develop 1.3 GHz SRF technology, IHEP has started a program to build an SRF Accelerating Unit. This unit contains a 9-cell 1.3 GHz superconducting cavity, a short cryomodule, a high power input coupler, a tuner and a low level RF system. This program also includes the SRF laboratory upgrade, which will permit the unit to be built and tested at IHEP. The unit will be used for the 1.3 GHz SRF system integration study, high power horizontal test and possible beam test in the future. In this paper, we report the recent R&D status of this program. The first large grain low-loss shape 9-cell superconducting RF cavity made by IHEP reached 20 MV/m in the first vertical test in July, 2010. The prototype tuner and low level RF (LLRF) system are under test. The high power input coupler and cryomodule are under fabrication. Several key SRF facilities for 9-cell cavity surface treatment and pre-tuning were successfully commissioned and are in operation.

High power input coupler development for BEPCII 500 MHz superconducting cavity

A high power input coupler for a 500 MHz superconducting cavity (SCC) of the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII) has been developed in China. Several prototypes have been fabricated and tested successfully. A maximum of 420 kW continuous wave (CW) RF power in traveling wave (TW) mode was achieved in the high power test. The detailed design, fabrication and test of the coupler are described in this paper.

Fabrication of the high power input coupler for BEPCII superconducting cavities**Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (k711360503)

The BEPCII storage ring adopts two 500 MHz superconducting cavities (SCC). Each one is equipped with a 500 MHz input power coupler. The coupler is to feed 150 kW power in continuous wave (CW) mode with both standing and traveling wave modes. Due to high power feeding and high frequency of the coupler, its fabrication is a big challenge. The fabrication started with two key components, the window and the antenna. Up to now, two sets including windows and antennas have been made by IHEP. And a 270 kW RF power in CW has passed through the coupler during the high power test. The fabrication details are presented in this paper.

Calculation of the external quality factor of the high power input coupler for the BEPCII superconducting cavity**Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (k711360503)

It is very important to predict the coupling between the cavity and the high power input source in the coupler design. In this paper, a time domain method is used to calculate the external quality factor Qext for the BEPCII superconducting cavity. A comparison between simulation results and experimental results is presented. The results of simulation and measurement of Qext have a good agreement within an error of 10%. The geometry parameters related with Qext are also studied.

805 MHz High Power Input Coupler for SRF Cavity in a RIA Cryomodule

The Rare Isotope Accelerator uses 805 MHz superconducting rf cavities in the linac. Power is transmitted capacitively into the cavities via a high power input coupler. The coupler was designed for greater than 10 kW cw with a VSWR less than 1.05. The design load to the 2 K liquid helium is less than 2 W. The external Q of the coupler is about 2/spl times/10/sup 7/. The couplers were conditioned off-line to over 200 kW pulsed before installation into a prototype cryomodule. The cryomodule was tested at 2 K to full accelerating gradients. Multipacting barriers in the coupler were quickly conditioned, and no arcs or discharges were observed during testing. Details of the power couplers performance will be presented.