High Physical Exertion Research Articles

Orienteering Is More than Just Running! Acute Effect of Competitive Pressure on Autonomic Cardiac Activity among Elite Orienteering Athletes.

Background and Objectives: Orienteering is a sport characterized by high physical exertion and intense mental demands, which increase susceptibility to errors. Understanding the impact of such errors on psychophysiological responses, particularly on heart rate variability (HRV), is essential. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychophysiological indicators and checkpoint errors made by elite orienteers during official competition. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three orienteers participated in this study, and their performance was continuously monitored and recorded by using a global positioning system (GPS) and HRV data. Errors made during the orienteering events were identified and analyzed. HRV data were examined in three temporal segments: before, during, and after the identified and standardized errors. Results: The analyses indicated that errors significantly impacted HRV indices across multiple domains: the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear domain. Additionally, a significant effect of sex on the normalized the root mean square of successive differences (r-MSSD) before and after the error was observed. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the significant impact of errors made by orienteers on cardiovascular responses, as evidenced by measurable alterations in HRV metrics. Cardiovascular activity, represented by the HRV, can provide useful information for coaches and sport psychologists to adopt effective training programs for athletes.

ECG screening and prevention of sudden cardiac death in endurance athletes over 40

Abstract Introduction CV diseases increase with age. There are many athletes aged >40 years who practise in certain endurance sports (marathon, ultramarathon and cycling), that involve very high intensity physical exertion and prolonged efforts. This population, like others athletes, undergo to annual examination with a medical history, spirometry, urine test and exercise test. CVdisease and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are the main cause of mortality in athletes during sport and this specific population group are at increased CV risk due to their multiple comorbidities, so this kind of screening remains controversial. Aims The primary aim of the study is to evaluate whether a 5-minute 'mini Holter ECG', associated with the conventional examination, can have an additional role for early screening and prevention of CV diseases in older endurance sport population. Materials The population were selected as part of the larger 'Heart And Run' project, an ECG collection of endurance athletes of the main sports clubs in Rome - Italy. A control group of healty individiuals was collected for comparison. The ECG traces were recorded at rest for 5 minutes with the Kardia Mobile device 6L™. HRV indices were analysed using the software Kubios. The study group were compared for an ECG morphological analysis and HRV parameters in the time and frequency domain. Results A total of 353 subjects (182 athletes, 171 controls) were analysed. The athlets show a significantly higher incidence of sinus arrhythmias, LAFB, 1°degree AVB, Jpoint elevation and STsegment abnormalities. We found also a significantly shorter QTc in athlets compared to controls (395.95 ± 29.51 ms vs. 411.6 ± 29.01 ms), suggestive of greater protection from malignant ventricular arrhythmias. In line with the ECG findings, the HRV PNS (-0.25 ± 1.25 vs -1.05 ± 1.45) and SNS (0.69 ± 1.44 vs 2.38 ± 1.89) indices were respectively higher and lower in the athletes group than in the controls group. Differences between the two groups were also found in the time and frequency HRV domain analysis (SDNN, RMSSD, NN50 and pNN50). Due to the absence of normality range, we considered values lower of the 5th or higher of the 95th percentile range, for the main HRV parameters, as abnormals. We identified 29/182 virtually abnormal HRV individuals. Those patients could be at increased CV risk, worthy of further investigation. In total, out-of-range HRV values or morphological abnormalities were detected in 54 athletes (29%), a population that will need further attention through follow-up and additional examinations. Conclusions Despite competitive endurance sports are associated with increased vagal tone, which is virtually protective against CV diseases, even in athletes over 40, the addition of the 5-minute cardiac 'mini Holter' could increase the sensitivity in detection of CV disease, in a specific high-risk group of athletes, suggesting additional clinical and instrumental investigations in such patients.

ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY INDICATORS OF THE SPORTS MEDICINE SERVICE IN THE POLTAVA REGION FOR 2017-2022

A healthy lifestyle includes many components, one of which is adequate physical activity. An important role in the formation of the habit of observing a normal regime of motor activity belongs to the formation of the habit of physical exertion, which is usually formed during sports. However, sports activities are accompanied by high physical exertion and may be the result of injuries or the occurrence of pathological processes. The service of sports medicine plays an important role in health control and timely identification of contraindications to sports. The aim of the study is to analyze the performance indicators of the sports medicine service in the Poltava region. The analysis was carried out on the basis of statistical reports of sports medicine institutions of the Poltava region. As a result of the processing of the materials, a decrease in the performance of the sports medicine service was determined. However, the pattern of the decrease is clearly visible depending on external factors: quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 epidemic and the consequences of Russia’s full-scale armed aggression against our country. Despite this, there is a stable load on the sports medicine service, the specific weight of appeals from the profile of sports medicine is increasing, and the level of preventive work is at a sufficient level.

Field measurement of hand forces of palm oil harvesters and evaluating the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) through biomechanical analysis

Hand force data is critical in evaluating work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Nevertheless, earlier studies on oil palm workers relied on estimated or laboratory measurements, which may not accurately reflect the actual hand forces. This study is the first report on the field measurement of hand forces for palm oil harvesters using a chisel and sickle to harvest low and tall palm trees, respectively. The dynamic hand forces and ground reaction forces were measured using instrumented harvesting tools and force plates, while wearable motion (IMU) and electromyography (EMG) sensors were incorporated for quantifying postural angles and muscle activations, respectively. Additionally, the spinal loadings, continuous Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) scores, and subjective pain scores were determined to evaluate the risk of WMSDs. A total of 10 harvesters were recruited to perform the palm pruning tasks using a chisel and sickle. Resultantly, the sickle and chisel recorded a maximum cutting force of 1601.23 ± 424.26 N and 420.80 ± 96.00 N, respectively. All pruning tasks were found to be highly risky to harvesters, with a peak REBA score of 12. Likewise, all investigated muscles were activated for over 40% MVC, thus inducing moderate pain in the muscles. The peak L5-S1 compression forces for all tasks exceeded the safety threshold (>3400 N), but the values were not significantly different. The shear force of the L5-S1 was extreme in pruning with a sickle (1446.10 ± 411.00 N) compared to using a chisel. In conclusion, palm harvesters were at a high risk of developing WMSDs following poor postures, high physical exertion and muscle activity, and excessive spinal loads.

Detrimental effects of effortful physical exertion on a working memory dual-task in older adults.

Action and cognition often interact in everyday life and are both sensitive to the effects of aging. The present study tested the effects of a simple physical action, effortful handgrip exertion, on working memory (WM) and inhibitory control in younger and older adults. Using a novel dual-task paradigm, participants engaged in a WM task with 0 or 5-distractors under concurrent physical exertion (5% vs. 30% individual maximum voluntary contraction). Effortful physical exertion, although failing to effect WM accuracy in the distractor absent condition for both age groups, reduced WM accuracy for the older, but not young adults, in the distractor-present condition. Similarly, older adults experienced greater distractor interference in the distractor-present condition under high physical exertion, indexed by slower reaction time (RT), confirmed by hierarchical Bayesian modeling of RT distributions. Our finding that a simple but effortful physical task results in impaired cognitive control may be empirically important for understanding everyday functions of older adults. For example, the ability to ignore task-irrelevant items declines with age and this decline is greater when simultaneously performing a physical task, which is a frequent occurrence in daily life. The negative interactions between cognitive and motor tasks may further impair daily functions, beyond the negative consequences of reduced inhibitory control and physical abilities in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Оценка основного обмена у несовершеннолетних спортсменов

Objective. To assess the intensity of basal metabolism in adolescent elite athletes. Patients and methods. This study included 154 adolescent athletes (42 boys, 112 girls) aged 13–18 years (mean age: 15.3 ± 2.5 years). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured in all participants using respiratory indirect calorimetry and the Harris–Benedict equation. Study design: single-center, cross-sectional, randomized, uncontrolled. Results. An increase in BMR was revealed in 79 (51%) participants, normal BMR – in 50 (33%) participants, and a decrease in BMR – in 25 (16%) participants. Increased BMR was statistically significantly more common in boys compared to girls (83% and 39% respectively, p = 0,01), whereas decreased BMR was more characteristic of girls compared to boys (20% and 4%, respectively, p = 0.001). Conclusion. Most adolescent athletes show an increase in BMR, which reflects an adaptation of the organism to high physical exertion. A decrease in BMR may indicate the presence of relative energy deficiency in athletes. The Harris–Benedict equation significantly underestimates the value of BMR in adolescent athletes and is not an alternative to respiratory indirect calorimetry when individual assessment of energy expenditure is necessary as part of biomedical support. Key words: children, high-performance sport, basal metabolic rate, indirect calorimetry

Carbohydrate intake after high effort and its effect on antioxidants to eliminate free radicals in terms of catalase enzyme and achieve 400m sprint for youth

The development of the physiology of sports training and the continuous studies and research in this field in order to raise the level of achievement to the highest levels and the search for the best ways is what our research has found in the use of proper sports nutrition, which is the intake of liquid carbohydrates after high physical exertion in the period of rest or recovery after training, which Stimulates the enzyme catalase and its reaction to get rid of free radicals and develop the oxidation system in the runner. It will quickly build the cells that were destroyed during training and quickly replace the energy stores with glycogen that have been depleted as a result of training loads of high intensity and rid the body of these free radicals and free radicals. Helps in the performance of the training units as required upgrading to high intensity and adapting to it raises the level of achievement for young runners in the 400m event.

Potential danger of the negative impact of professional women’s sports on the reproductive function of sportswomen

The article is a review of modern achievements in the field of studying reproductive health problems among professional sportswomen. Long-term and intensive physical loads are used for professional female athletes in the training process in speed-strength sports at levels that were historically characteristic only for male athletes. Insufficient awareness of this problem among doctors, trainers, and athletes can be considered as an actual problem of the potential danger for the reproductive function of female athletes during professional sports. Specialists in the field of the impact of high physical exertion on the reproductive health of female athletes have to face a complex of problems. The medical problems include female athlete triad, relative lack of energy, disruption of endocrine regulation due to the use of doping and contraceptives, and hyperandrogenism. Pedagogical problems include contradiction between the desire to achieve high sports results and the conscious, even indifferent attitude of the coaching staff to the physiological characteristics of women and the lack of relevant knowledge on the part of female athletes and their parents.The well-known female athlete triad – amenorrhea, anorexia and the lack of energy syndrome – has a neuroendocrinology basis caused by genetic, physiological factors and high physical loads. These data should be brought to the attention of coaches, female athletes and their parents. It was proposed algorithm for the prevention of reproductive health of professional athletes.Conclusions. High performance sports pose an additional risk for women’s reproductive health. Doping, contraception and neglecting the peculiarities of the menstrual cycle are a threat to the future life and health of female athletes. The risk group consists of young athletes. An important approach to solving the problem is to inform of various specialties doctors, first of all obstetricians-gynecologists, endocrinologists, sports doctors, nutritionists, as well as trainers and athletes themselves, about the potential danger of the possible negative impact of professional women’s sports on their reproductive function and about the measures that are necessary to be carried out to prevent the development of this danger.

Factors associated with high physical exertion during healthcare work: Cross-sectional study among healthcare workers.

High physical exertion during healthcare work is a documented risk factor for musculoskeletal pain, long term sickness absence and disability pension. Understanding the underlying factors of physical exertion is important to make the necessary preventive efforts in the working environment. This study investigates factors associated with high physical exertion during healthcare work. A total of 2047 Danish health care workers replied to a questionnaire about work and health. Associations (odds ratios; OR) of physical exertion (outcome variable) with the number of patients and self-reliant patients, frequency and type of assistive device use, BMI, leisure time activity, smoking, and age were modelled using mutually adjusted binary logistic regression. Factors associated with high physical exertion (OR and 95% CI) were high frequency of daily patient transfers 1.35 (1.23 - 1.48), less self-reliant patients 0.74 (0.62 - 0.89), less frequent use of necessary assistive devices 1.82 (1.50 - 2.21), as well as more frequent use of sliding pieces 1.23 (1.04 - 1.46), wheelchairs 1.23 (1.02 - 1.49), bed adjustments 0.88 (0.77 - 1.00) and intelligent beds 0.83 (0.71 - 0.95) during patient transfer. Age and lifestyle factors (BMI, smoking, and leisure time physical activity) were not associated with high physical exertion. The character of patient transfer specific healthcare work is associated with increased odds for high physical exertion whereas life-style factors are not. Thus, proper use of specific assistive devices and avoiding uneven distribution of difficult patients through appropriate planning may be protective strategies for lowering physical exertion during healthcare work.

Physical exertion at work and addictive behaviors: tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, sugar and fat consumption: longitudinal analyses in the CONSTANCES cohort

We examined the prospective association of physical exertion at work with subsequent tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use, and sugar and fat consumption. Volunteers of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort currently employed were included from 2012 to 2017 for tobacco and cannabis outcomes (n = 100,612), and from 2012 to 2016 for alcohol and sugar and fat outcomes (n = 75,414). High level of physical exertion at work was defined as a score ≥ 12 at the Rating Perceived Exertion Borg scale. Substance use was self-reported and diet rich in sugar and fat was obtained from principal component analysis and analyzed as quartiles. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to baseline physical exertion at work, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms and baseline level of consumption. High physical exertion was associated with tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships. It was also associated with increased odds of cannabis use at least once per month compared to no use in the past and with increased odds of diet rich in sugar and fat. Hence, the role of physical exertion at work on tobacco and cannabis use and diet rich in sugar and fat should be tackled for information and prevention strategies.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the "Search, Rescue and Survival Training" in Male Military Firefighter Cadets.

To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

Of neurological disorders in extreme conditions and emergency situations

The review examines the features of neurological disorders that develop in a contingent of people staying in war zones, extreme conditions and emergency situations. The structure of combat injuries is currently dominated by shrapnel and mine-explosive head injuries, craniocerebral trauma, compression and concussion of the brain. Traumatic wounds and features of military service in conditions of high risk and extreme physical exertion are accompanied by asthenia, cognitive disorders and mental disorders of varying severity. Substantiated is the use of Cortexin in craniocerebral and combined combat injuries received by military personnel and civilians in the centers of hostilities; with asthenic and anxiety-depressive disorders, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, as well as to increase the body's resistance to adverse and extreme effects.

РАЗВИТИЕ ОБЩЕЙ ВЫНОСЛИВОСТИ В ЦЕЛЯХ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ НАВЫКОВ СТРЕЛЬБЫ ИЗ ПИСТОЛЕТА

Currently, the issues of physical training of the population are actively discussed even at the highest level. The fact is that physical training has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of individuals, especially if the activity of such individuals is constantly associated with stress, negative external influences. The latter include employees and cadets of law enforcement agencies, who in the course of their daily activities face not only physical activity, but also stress. An important direction in the training of cadets and law enforcement officers is fire training, including pistol shooting, the improvement of skills in which will be discussed in this article. So, when performing statistical exercises with firearms, when aiming, there is tension in the chest, and as a result, a decrease in lung volume, the priority of shallow breathing. In addition, when aiming with a pistol, the posture worsens the posture, developing a stoop. From the foregoing, it follows that for effective firepower training, cadets and law enforcement officers must be prepared for high physical exertion. In other words, they must train their endurance. In order to develop general endurance, special techniques have been developed that will be discussed in this article. So, in this article, the author analyzes the development of general endurance in order to improve pistol shooting skills. Emphasis is placed on the influence of physical fitness and endurance on pistol shooting skills.

A Gendered Analysis of Work, Stress and Mental Health, Among Professional and Non-Professional Workers

This study examines the differences in mental health experiences of workers in professional and non-professional roles, with a particular focus on the influence of gender. We examine: i) the perceived mental health of a subset of professional workers including accounting, academia, dentistry, medicine, nursing, and teaching, chosen because they represent different gender composition and sectors; and ii) work stress and work absences. Statistical analyses were applied to data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and a related Mental Health and Well-Being survey. Those in the selected professions reported better mental health, higher job satisfaction, and a lower prevalence of mental disorders, but higher self-perceived life and work stress compared to workers in non-professional roles. Workers in these professions reported higher job security and higher job control, but also higher psychological demands. Women in these professions showed significantly higher physical exertion and lower job authority and higher rates of work absences.

Physical exertion at work and addictive behaviors: tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, sugar and fat intake

Abstract Background This study examined the prospective association of physical exertion at work with risk of tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use and sugar and fat consumption. Methods Volunteers of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort currently employed were included from 2012 to 2017 for tobacco and cannabis outcomes (n = 100,612), and from 2012 to 2016 for alcohol and sugar and fat outcomes (n = 75,414). High level of physical exertion was defined as a score ≥12 at the Rating Perceived Exertion Borg scale. Substance use was self-reported and patterns of sugar and fat intakes were obtained from principal component analysis and used in quartiles. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to baseline physical exertion at work, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms and baseline level of consumption. Results High physical exertion was associated with tobacco use, i.e.: increased odd of relapse in former smokers (OR = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.02-1.24), and increased number of cigarettes per day in current smokers (OR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.33-1.78) with dose-dependent relationships (P for trend<0.001). It was also associated with increased odd of cannabis use at least once per month compared to no use in the past year (OR = 1.31, 95%CI:1.03-1.66) and with increased odds of sugar and fat consumption (OR = 1.06, 95%CI:1.01-1.11 and OR = 1.13, 95%CI:1.07-1.18, for third and fourth quartiles compared to the first, respectively). Conclusions The associations between physical exertion at work and subsequent tobacco and cannabis use and sugar and fat consumption should be taken into account for information and prevention strategies. Key messages The associations between physical exertion at work and subsequent tobacco and cannabis use and sugar and fat consumption should be taken into account for information and prevention strategies. High physical exertion at work was positively associated with subsequent tobacco and cannabis use and sugar and fat consumption.

The Effect of Motorized vs Non-Motorized Treadmills on Exercise Economy during Acute Sub-maximal Bouts in Collegiate Cross-Country Female Athletes

Background: Fitness equipment manufacturers have developed non-motorized treadmills (NMT) to better replicate overground running, a characteristic which motorized treadmills (MT) purportedly lack. Because NMTs are novel, limited empirical evidence exists regarding acute physiological and neuromuscular activity responses to its use. Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of walking and running on an NMT and MT on exercise economy (EE), cardiometabolic responses, lower-body muscle activity, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in division II female cross-country athletes. Methods: Thirteen female cross-country athletes volunteered to complete a treadmill protocol that consisted of a warm-up walk, a 5-min walk, a 5-min run, and a 5-min cool-down walk on an NMT and MT on two separate occasions. During both treadmill conditions, VO2, RER, neuromuscular activity, HR, and RPE were recorded and analyzed every minute. Results: VO2 (NMT= 36.8 ± 10.0 ml/kg/min; MT= 27.4 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min), RER (NMT= 1.02 ± 0.14; MT= 0.89 ± 0.08), HR (NMT= 167 ± 18 bpm; MT= 142 ± 21 bpm), and RPE (NMT= 12 ± 2; MT= 9 ± 2) measures were significantly (p<0.05 for all) greater on the NMT than the MT in walking and running. Conclusions: The greater VO2, RER, and HR experienced on the NMT indicates higher physical exertion, and the greater RPE on the NMT indicates the participants’ perception of exertion correspond to the physiological responses. While cardiometabolic demand was greater on the NMT, thereby suggesting exercise economy was greater with the MT.

Proportion and Number of Upper-Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders Attributable to the Combined Effect of Biomechanical and Psychosocial Risk Factors in a Working Population.

The objective of this paper is to assess the combined effect of occupational biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors on the incidence of work-related upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) and estimate the proportion and number of incident cases attributable to these risk factors in a working population. Using data from the French COSALI (COhorte des SAlariés LIgériens) cohort (enrolment phase: 2002–2005; follow-up phase: 2007–2010), a complete case analysis including 1246 workers (59% men, mean age: 38 years ± 8.6 at baseline) was performed. All participants underwent a standardized clinical examination at enrolment and 1611 workers were re-examined at follow-up. Population attributable fractions and the number of UEMSD cases attributable to occupational risk factors were calculated. During follow-up, 139 UEMSD cases were diagnosed, representing an estimated 129,320 projected incident UEMSD cases in the working population. After adjusting for personal factors, in model 1, 8664 cases (6.7%) were attributable to low social support, 19,010 (14.7%) to high physical exertion, and 20,443 (15.8%) to co-exposure to both factors. In model 2, 16,294 (12.6%) cases were attributable to low social support, 6983 (5.4%) to posture with arms above shoulder level, and 5043 (3.9%) to co-exposure to both factors. Our findings suggest that many cases of UEMSD could be potentially prevented by multidimensional interventions aimed at reducing exposure to high physical exertion and improving social support at work.

Використання аутомезоконцентрату тромбоцитів у пацієнтів з патологією опорно-рухового апарату

The platelet automesoconcentrate is a complex biotechnological product based on autologous growth factors and oligopeptides obtained from the patient's blood platelets. The purpose of this study was evaluation of our own first treatment results and improvement of the quality of life in patients with pathology of the musculoskeletal system after treatment with platelet automesoconcentrate. Material and methods. We analyzed the results of 76 patients (24 patients with knee osteoarthritis, 21 patients with epicondylitis of the elbow joint and 31 patients with the knee joint meniscal lesions Stoller I-IIb), who were treated in the clinic of the State Institution "Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics" of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine and in the “Virtus” clinic. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of pain was performed by visual analog scale score. The evaluation of dysfunction and quality of life were performed by the standardized Lysholm and Oxford scales according to the affected segment and pathology. Results and discussion. The positive dynamics of the knee joint functional ability was observed in cases of the 1 and 2 osteoarthrosis grades by 43.6% and 62.1% (in a year). In patients with osteoarthrosis grade 3, a slight improvement was observed in a short-term period, but after 6 months received results gradually decrease and after a year, they were only 4.3% compared with the baseline level (Oxford). The positive dynamics of the elbow joint functional ability for 3 months was 75%. In general, after 6 months, full recovery of the elbow joint function was observed in 15 patients, restrictions at high physical exertion remained in 6 patients. In case of the knee joint menisci lesion, an increase in functional activity was observed in 23 cases by more than 58.8% (Oxford) and increased mean values from 70 (before treatment) to 82 points (Lysholm). Conclusion. The study showed advantages of the platelets automesoconcentrate in patients with osteoarthrosis and the knee meniscal lesions, elbow joint epicondylitis, in clinically difficult cases with the ineffectiveness of previous treatment

Methodology of hygienic assessment of the fulfillment of hygienic rules of sleep hygiene by athletes under conditions of high physical activity

Violation of the hygienic rules of sleep hygiene can negatively affect the physical and mental performance of athletes. This gives grounds to consider the issue of assessing the degree of fulfillment of these rules by athletes under conditions of high physical exertion. Objective of the study: to develop methodological approaches to assessing the fulfillment of hygienic rules of sleep hygiene by athletes under conditions of high physical exertion. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature: generalization, synthesis, formalization, abstraction. Research results and conclusions: on the basis of the system analysis of scientific, scientific and methodological literature and other sources of information, a test questionnaire was developed to assess the degree of fulfillment of hygienic rules of sleep hygiene by athletes under conditions of high physical activity.
 It is concluded that the developed test-questionnaire of the survey to assess the degree of fulfillment of hygienic rules of sleep hygiene by athletes can be used in the future in practice to determine the degree of fulfillment of hygienic rules of sleep hygiene by athletes under conditions of high physical activity.

NCAA e-sports 20XX: an analysis of radical innovation adoption through firm collaboration

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is considering the adoption of e-sports (i.e., organised competitive video gaming), which could be considered a radical innovation as it deviates in many areas from traditional sports (e.g., online game play format, lack of high physical exertion, complicated intellectual property rights for each game, etc.). However, collaboration with firms familiar with the innovation (e.g., National Association of Collegiate eSports - NACE) might mitigate risks surrounding the radical innovation. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to investigate whether a potential association between the NCAA and NACE would be advantageous to both organisations. Through a deductive qualitative content analysis underpinned by Rogers's (2003) innovation characteristics (e.g., complexity, compatibility and relative advantage), several themes emerged: physical exertion, e-sports structure, amateurism, eligibility, compensation, profitability, and diversity and gender equity. These themes are discussed while identifying the benefits and issues surrounding a NCAA/NACE collegiate e-sports adoption and collaboration.