High Phenotypic Coefficient Of Variation Research Articles

Genetic variability and path coefficient analysis among bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for yield and yield‐related traits in bale highlands, southeastern Ethiopia

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important strategic crops to overcome food security problems in the world including Ethiopia. This can be achieved through genetic improvement of the crop and its production practices. In this connection, information on the mutual association of traits is important for effective selection in wheat‐breeding programs. In 2021/2022 production year, a field experiment was undertaken to estimate the extent of genetic variability, path analysis, and association of yield and yield‐related characteristics for the selection of desirable wheat genotypes. A total of 64 bread wheat genotypes, including yellow rust‐resistant Boru (resistant), Hachalu (moderately resistant), and Madda‐Walabu (susceptible) as control, were used for the field experiment at Sinana and Agarfa Agricultural Research Centers. The experiment was laid out in a simple alpha lattice design. The mean analysis of variances showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) for all traits among the tested genotypes. The value of the phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all studied traits, indicating the presences of higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes. Grain yield had a significant positive correlation with days to maturity, grain‐filling period, plant height, kernels spike−1, thousand seed weight, and biological yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels including spike length at phenotypic levels at both locations and with plant height, thousand seed weight, and biological yield at both locations at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Similarly, days to maturity and grain‐filling period also showed a significant positive phenotypic correlation with grain yield. The analyzed path coefficients at both genotypic and phenotypic levels also indicated how grain yield is influenced directly and indirectly by other yield and yield‐related traits. The result also showed the existence of good heritability values along with high genetic advance, higher phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation for grain yield, biological yield, and grain‐filling period. This implies the true relationship among these traits and grain yield; therefore, due attention should be paid to such traits during selection for further improvement. Hence, the present study indicated the importance of the direct and indirect effects of the studied traits on yield and yield components which makes selection desirable for improving the grain yield of wheat and its genetic resistance against yellow rust in the study area.

Genetic Variability Analysis for Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) under Phosphorus-sufficient and Deficient Field Conditions

Aim: The present study aims to identify phosphorus deficiency tolerant rice genotypes under both phosphorus-sufficient and deficient conditions. Materials and Methods: Two kinds of fields (high and low phosphorus content) were selected based on their soil phosphorus availability. Hundred diverse rice germplasm was collected and planted in an augmented design along with four local checks namely, Swarna sub-1, MTU 1153, MTU 7029 and Uttar Sona. The data was recorded for 14 traits and subjected to different types of variability analysis. Place and Season of Study: The experiment took place at instructional Farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India during the Kharif season of 2021. Results: The variability analysis revealed that phosphorus uptake showed a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) under phosphorus-deficient condition and high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) under both conditions. Grain yield showed high GCV and PCV under both the phosphorus conditions. Heritability was moderate whereas high Genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed under both the conditions for both phosphorus uptake and grain yield. Strong positive correlations were observed between days to flowering and various yield-related traits under both the conditions. Positive correlation was observed between phosphorus uptake and grain yield under phosphorus-sufficient condition, but a weaker correlation under phosphorus-deficient condition.

Genetic Variability Studies in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor l.) Genotypes for Sugar and Biomass Related Traits

Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) is an important crop in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Southern Asia. Sweet sorghum is characterized by more rapid growth, higher biomass production, wider adaptation and greater potential for ethanol production. The present study was conducted to evaluate 33 sweet sorghum genotypes including two check varieties for different yield and sugar related traits. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant difference for all characters under the study. The genetic variability study revealed the presence of greater phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for most of the characters indicating the presence of the environmental effect. Stem girth, nodes per plant, biomass weight, cane weight, juice content and total soluble solids, total sugars were recorded high PCV and GCV. Plant height and cane height recorded moderate PCV and GCV. Except for plant height at 30 days after sowing (DAS) all other characters plant height at 60 DAS, plant height at 90 DAS, cane height, nodes per plant, stem girth, biomass weight, cane weight, total biomass yield, juice yield, total soluble solids, total sugars, total reducing sugars and total non-reducing sugars showed high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean suggesting that, these characters are under the control of additive genes and phenotypic selection will be effective for these traits.

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Vigna radiata L. Wilczek, sometimes known as greengram or mungbean, is a popular pulse crop in India. Most of its cultivation takes place in India's subsistence farming systems. It is cultivated in three distinct seasons in India, despite the extremely low average productivity. Due to the crop's extensive growth in a variety of environmental circumstances, the local germplasm exhibits a high degree of genetic variation. In order to determine the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advancement of 40 green gram genotypes, a study utilizing twelve quantitative variables was conducted. For every traits, significant variance was discovered using basic descriptive statistics. High Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) and high Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) were identified for seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight. Moderate PCV and GCV values observed for number of seeds per pod, plant height, harvest index, pod length and days to 50% flowering, whereas low PCV and GCV values were observed for days to maturity. Most of the characters studied in the current study had high estimates of heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance as a percentage of mean. This may be attributed to the preponderance of additive gene action and their high selective value, meaning that selection pressure can be applied profitably to these characters to improve them rationally.

Physical characterization of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) schizocarps of different origins cultivated in Morocco

An initial investigation on the physical traits of the cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) schizocarps was examined in order to select the best genotypes of cumin grown in three regions of Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet, Marrackech-Safi, and Oriental). This operation was conducted on 34 cumin accessions from six origins (local, India, Syria, Egypt, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia). To evaluate differences between the physical properties among accessions, length, width, thickness, and both the volumetric mass and the thousand-schizocarp mass were measured. Geometric properties (geometric mean diameter, sphericity index, specific mass and surface area) and gravitational parameters (bulk density, true density, and porosity) were calculated for each accession. Heritability (broad sense), phenotypic and genetic variabilities are also assessed. The average values of the evaluated parameters were found to be significantly different (p < 0.01) between accessions. The physical characteristics of schizocarps were significantly influenced by their origin, cultivated provinces and irrigation methods. Length, width, thickness and length of style range on average from 5.7 to 6.8 mm, 1.5 to 2.5 mm, 1.2 to 1.8 mm and 0.6 to 0.9 mm, respectively. Local and Egyptian accessions were the best-sized accessions. Regarding the weight, the Indian accession C11 registered the best volumetric mass 52.9 g, while the thousand-mass was found to be higher in the local accession from Zagora C19 with 7.3 g. The results showed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The highest PCV and GCV were length of style (30.0%) and true density (24.4%), respectively. Volumetric mass had the highest value of heritability (99%). PCA analysis of seed origin showed clearly the ordination of cumin schizocarps into three groups. The big-sized schizocarps group is composed of local and Egyptian accessions, while the Saudi Arabia accession was individualized in a single group. Regarding the cultivated zone in Morocco, the ordination of schizocarps according to the province revealed four distinct groups. Finally, this study showed that irrigation mode may also affect the physical properties of cumin schizocarps.

Studies on the genotypic co-efficient of variation and phenotypic co-efficient of variation in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) germplasm for yield-attributing characters

The magnitude of the genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic co-efficientof variation (PCV) in chickpea germplasm was observed high for characters like seed yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant and number of primary branches per plant. The characteristics viz., seed yield per plant showed high GCV and PCV, moderate heritability and high genetic advance as a per cent of the mean. The characters viz. number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index, number of secondary branches per plant and plant height recorded a highly positive significant correlation with seed yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. This indicates the simultaneous improvement of these characters through the selection of chickpeas.

Genotype X Traits Analysis of Gerbera (Gerbera jamensoii) Varieties for Vegetative Traits by Biplots

Recent ten genotypes of gerbera were evaluated for vegetative traits during the year 2022-23 to determine genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for 15 quantitative traits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. Results revealed that magnitude of the Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the traits, indicating greater genotype and environment interaction. High PCV and GCV were observed for number of leaves/plant and leaf width. In the present study bud initiation, plant spread after 100 days of panting, plant height after 45 days of planning showed the high heritability along with maximum genetic gain. Number of leaves (45 days) had maintained only positive correlation with the considered vegetative traits. Leaf length (45 days) exhibited showed direct relationship with plant height (45 days) and leaf length(100 days) while negative relation of plant spread (45 days) with leaf length (100 days) and days to bud initiation. Path coefficient analysis showed, plant spread (0.976) had highest positive effect on fresh weight of flowers followed by leaf length (0.824), number of leaves per plant (0.20) while negative effect of plant height (45 and 100 days), days to bud initiation, leaf length (100 days). Performance of Intense, Stanza, Brillance would be unstable type as compared to Golian and Dana Ellen as placed near to the origin of biplot analysis in the present study based on vegetative traits in biplot analysis. Next cluster in same quadrant was comprised of leaf length, leaf width, plant height at 45 days of planting. First cluster of other quadrant comprised of leaf length, leaf width, plant spread at 100 days of planting and last cluster of days to bud initiation with fresh weight of flowers formed across the quadrants.

Variability and Correlation Study on Lowland Green Super Rice in Western Ethiopia

Abstract The success of plant breeding activities entirely depends on the existence of genetic variability with respect to desired traits and selection skills of plant breeders. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the extent of variability, heritability genetic advance, and character association among yield and yield-related traits in lowland GSR. The experiment was conducted using 20 low-land green supper rice genotypes in the Northwestern part of Ethiopia at Pawe agricultural research center for three consecutive years from 2016-2018 main cropping seasons. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The results of the analysis of variance for yield and yield-related characters revealed that highly significant mean square due to genotypes observed for all traits studied, Higher phenotypic co-efficient of variation, compared to genotypic co-efficient of variation was recorded for all the traits studied indicating the variation is not only genetic but also influence of growing environment. The highest PCV was recorded for the trait plant height (32.6) followed by panicle length (23.3). Broad sense heritability analysis showed that days to heading (56.3), plant height (49.8), Days to maturity (42.4%), and panicle length (42.3%) were high. High heritability with the high genetic advance in percent of mean was recorded by plant height (49.8 & 33.54) followed by Panicle length (42.3 & 36.55) which confirms their additive gene action and direct selection of these traits depending on phenotypic expression would be effective for yield improvement. The positive and highly significant phenotypic correlation was observed between days to heading and days to maturity (r = 9385***) plant height was positively correlated with thousand-grain weight (0.50436*) and Panicle length (0.48312*). Grain yield showed negative correlation between Days to maturity (-0.044662*), but weak positive correlation was observed for days to heading (r = 0.33472), plant height (r = 0.18729) and panicle length (r = 0.08771). Therefore, the traits recorded high heritability and higher genetic advance; and the traits showed positive correlation and could be considered as suitable traits for selection and improvement to achieve high-yielding green super rice varieties in rain-fed environments.

Genetic Variability and Association Studies in Germplasm Accessions and Land Races of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is described as the ‘King of Cereals’ is a leading cereal crop which plays a crucial role in feeding the hungry world and improving global food security. Understanding the contribution of yield components to the variation of grain yield is essential for designing breeding programs and increasing grain production. A diversity panel of 200 genotypes including 145 accessions and 55 landraces of wheat were evaluated in Augmented Design for genetic variability and correlation between grain yield and yield related components. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits except chlorophyll fluorescence. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded for effective number of tillers metre-1 followed by biological yield row-1, flag leaf length, grain yield row-1. Heritability coupled with genetic advance percent of mean was high for effective number of tillers metre-1, followed by biological yield row-1, flag leaf length, grain yield row-1. Association studies revealed a highly significant and positive association of grain yield row-1 with biological yield row-1 (0.805), 1000-grain weight (0.476), effective number of tillers metre-1 (0.328), flag leaf width (0.137) and harvest index (0.133) whereas, it showed a significant negative association with days to maturity (-0.304) and days to 50% heading, (-0.291). The study revealed that days to maturity, days to heading, 1000-grain weight and effective number of tillers metre-1 could be considered the most appropriate traits for improvement and selection of trait to achieve stable and high yielding early wheat genotypes.

Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in F2 Segregating Population of Cross RNR-15048 x Dokra-Dokri in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present experiment was conducted to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance in F2 segregating population derived from the cross, RNR-15048 x Dokra-Dokri, evaluated in augmented design with two checks at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad during the Kharif-2022. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences for all eleven traits examined, indicating the presence of genetic variation between the individuals studied. Higher values of Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were observed for panicle weight, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, total grains per panicle, and single plant yield. Least difference was observed between PCV and GCV value for almost all the traits indicating the little influence by the environment and possibility for genetic improvement of these traits through selection. The traits plant height, panicle weight, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, total grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, thousand grain weight and single plant yield recorded high heritability (&gt;60%) associated with high genetic advance as percent of mean (&gt;20) resulting in no environmental influence on the expression and selection for improvement of such characters could be worthwhile. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for panicle length propounding non-additive gene action in their inheritance suggesting heterosis breeding could be useful for improving these traits. Overall high PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean was noticed for panicle weight, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, total grains per panicle, and single plant yield suggesting significant amount of variability with predominance of additive type of gene action. Hence, direct phenotypic selection.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Selected Quantitative Traits in Introduced African Yam Bean (Sphenosylis stenocarpa Hochst. ex. A. Rich Harms) Genotypes

A solid understanding of the genetic control of traits within breeding populations is essential for selecting superior genotypes and parent plants for African yam bean (AYB) cultivation. In this study, we explored the phenotypic breeding values and genetic parameter estimates for various traits in 10 introduced AYB varieties. These traits included seed emergence speed (SES), seedling vigor index (SVI), final germination percentage (FGP), seed yield, days to first flower bud initiation (DAYSFBI), days to first flowering (DAYSF), and days to first pod initiation (DAYSPI). We conducted the trial using a randomized complete block (RCB) design with the following varieties: TSs2, TSs60, TSs11, TSs33, TSs282, TSs450, TSs10, TSs432, TSs424, and TSs151B. Traits showing high and medium genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were seed yield (20.7), SVI (12.1), and seed emergence speed (10.8), respectively. Traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) included seed yield (36.8), SVI (22.8), and SES (37.5). The presence of variability in all studied traits was evident from both GCV and PCV values. However, PCV values were slightly higher than GCV, suggesting the influence of environmental factors on these traits. Seed yield exhibited high genetic advance (23.9) and intermediate heritability (31.5%), while SES showed low heritability (8.4%) and low genetic advance (6.5), and FGP displayed low heritability (8.3%) and low genetic advance (2.1). High heritability and genetic advance in certain traits indicate the presence of additive gene action, suggesting that these traits can be improved through direct selection. These findings suggest the presence of valuable variations that can be harnessed for AYB genetic enhancement and selection purposes. Our study results offer valuable insights for the genetic improvement, conservation, management, multi-location evaluations, short-term recommendations, and potential release of new AYB genotypes.

Genetic Variability and Divergence Studies in Quantitative Traits of Wild Pomegranate (Punica granatum L)

The mean performance and variability in quantitative traits of Punica granatum seed sources collected from five different districts comprising of ten seed sources. Two seed sources were considered from each district viz; Narag and Neripul from Sirmour district, Waknaghat and Sadhupul from Solan district, Sundernagar and Rewalsar from Mandi district, Mohal and Banjar from Kullu district, Basantpur and Sunni from Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh, India, were evaluated during the year 2018-19. The quantitative traits viz., morphological and seedling characteristics of seed sources varied significantly among the different districts and within the districts. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all the characters was slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), which signified the presence of environmental influence to some degree in the phenotypic expression of characters. Collar diameter had the highest PCV (76.83) and GCV (26.67). Genetic advance was recorded as maximum for tree diameter per plant (5.57), whereas genetic advance as percent of mean was highest for tree height (4.86). Highest heritability (H2 , 99.77) was coupled with higher genetic advance (5.57) estimated for tree diameter per plant, which indicated that the character is controlled by additive genes and therefore further improvement could brought by selection. Tree diameter was significantly and positively associated with most of the characters except number of branches per plant, at both genotypic and phenotypic levels; therefore, these are important prerequisites to formulate a successful improvement program. Cluster analysis was performed and the seed sources were grouped into three clusters. The results showed significant variance among different morphological characters, traits namely tree height (m), tree diameter (cm), crown spread E-W (m), crown spread N-S (m), fruit weight (g), leaf length(cm), internodal length(cm), collar diameter (mm), number of branches per plant and leaf petiole (cm)

Assessing Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Morphological Traits in Different Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) Genotypes

Gladiolus, commonly known as the gladiola or simply "gladiolus," is a popular flowering plant known for its striking and vibrant flowers. It belongs to the genus Gladiolus and is part of the family Iridaceae. The present investigation was carried out at the Horticultural Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh during Rabi season (Mid Nov - April) 2020-21 to determine the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for twenty-five genotypes of Gladiolus. For all of the traits, the analysis of variance indicated extremely significant variations between genotypes. Number of spikes per plant had the highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), (35.81 and 23.41, respectively). For all of the traits studied, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while the differences were very small, indicating that the environmental influence on traits was low. The heritability estimates ranged from 42.75 (number of spikes per plant) to 99.01 (spike weight). This indicated that environmental variables had the least influence on these features. For most features, the estimated genetic progress as a percentage of mean varied from moderate to high. This finding, together with the high heritability values observed, suggested that additive gene action may exist and that simple selection for such traits may be used to improve them.

Genetic Variability And Correlation Studies For Growth, Yield And Quality In Strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa Duch.)

The traits viz., fruit nutritional quality, yield, day neutral nature to be improved in strawberry and hence the present study was undertaken to identify the nature of variability present in the promising advanced strawberry genotypes and to detect the association among yield and yield component traits in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Fourteen advanced genotypes were evaluated to study genetic variation and the relationship between yield and its components using a randomized complete block design during the year 2021. The results showed significant variance among genotypes of all traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all the characters was slightly higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), which signified the presence of environmental influence to some degree in the phenotypic expression of characters. The leaf area index had the highest PCV (30.71) and GCV (30.82). The genetic advance was recorded maximum for fruit yield per plant (228.24), whereas genetic advance as a percent of mean was highest for leaf area index (63.05) followed by shelf life of fruits (61.95). The highest heritability (h2, 95.22) was coupled with higher genetic advance (228.24) estimated for fruit yield per plant, which indicated that the character is controlled by additive genes and therefore further improvement could be brought by selection. Being octoploid, the inheritance of traits is complex in strawberry and the identified heritable traits in the study would be helpful for strawberry improvement breeding programs. Fruit yield was significantly and positively associated with most of the characteristics except flowering duration, fruiting duration, and volume of fruit at both genotypic and phenotypic levels; therefore, these are important prerequisites to formulate a successful strawberry improvement program.

Genetic Studies in Advanced Sugarcane Mid-Late Clones through Yield and Quality Traits

Sugarcane varietal development is frequently aimed at increasing yield and sucrose quality. Effective crop genetic evolution requires knowledge of the numerous traits that contribute to the present diversity by genetic analysis. Keeping in view, this experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications and the trial consisted of nine mid-late sugarcane genotypes. Data on cane yield and quality traits were used to estimate the genetic variability parameters, heritability, and genetic advance (GA). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant and significant differences for all studied traits. Evaluated characters exhibited different levels of variability, heritability, and genetic advance among the studied genotypes. Low to high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded. The moderate GCV and PCV values were found particularly for Sugar Yield at harvest (18.09% and 21.64%) and Cane Yield at harvest (16.62% and 20.14%) respectively, whereas the lowest GCV and PCV (1.43% and 2.26% respectively) manifested for Purity at the 12 months stage. The highest broad sense heritability value manifested for Pol in juice at 12 months stage (%) (86.47%) followed by CCS at 12 months stage (%) (85.43%), while the lowest heritability (35.00%) revealed only for Germination % at 30 DAP. In the present study, high heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (&gt;50) was recorded for Millable canes at harvest (000/ha) and single cane weight at harvest (kg) indicating a predominance of additive gene action for these characters. Therefore the result of this study suggests the existence of variability for cane yield and quality traits in these sugarcane genotypes, which should be exploited in future breeding.

Assessment of Various Variability Parameters and Correlation of Quantitative Characters in Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

The present research problem was carried out to assess the variability parameters, heritability, genetic advance and correlations among various quantitative traits in maize inbred lines. A total of 69 inbred lines were evaluated in alpha lattice design with 2 replications at Winter Nursery Centre, Hyderabad. ANOVA results displays genotypes were significantly different from each other. From the results it was depicted that Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) indicating the influence of environment. The traits, No. of kernels per row, Cob weight, Grain yield per cob showed high GCV and PCV values likewise Days to 50% tasseling, Days to 50% silking and Days to 75% dry husk showed low GCV and PCV values. Most of the characters showed high heritability and traits such as Plant height, Tassel length, Ear length, No. of kernels per row, Cob weight and Grain yield per cob showed high GAM and its values ranged from 21.5% to 101.30%. So, the traits such as No. of kernels per row, Cob weight and Grain yield per cob can be used for further crop improvement in the breeding programme. Of all the traits under study except, Days to 50% tasseling, Days to 50% silking and Days to 75% dry husk showed positive significant correlation with grain yield per cob indicating selection for the traits will enhance the grain yield whereas the excepted traits showed negative significant association with grain yield per cob indicating selection for these traits is also essential as it reduces duration of crop.

Enumeration of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Diversity of Morpho-Physiological Traits in CIMMYT Bread Wheat Accessions [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell

Fifty genotypes of CIMMYT bread wheat were evaluated at Agricultural Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi during 2019-2020.The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. High Phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded compared to the genotypic coefficient of variation. However, high genotypic coefficients of variation were found particularly for: grain yield per plot (8.71), harvest index (9.22), test weight (8.9), normalized difference vegetative index (9.59) and chlorophyll content (9.79), suggesting that these traits are having ample genetic potential for selection amongst genotypes, in breeding programs. The highest broad sense heritability manifested for harvest index (91.61%); remaining traits showed moderate estimates of heritability. Low to moderate genetic advance as percent mean was estimated for all the traits studied. This suggests the existence of variability for agronomic traits in the studied wheat genotypes which, should be exploited during future breeding programmes. Fifty genotypes were divided into six non-overlapping distinct clusters using tocher's method based on Euclidean distances. Thirty-one genotypes were classified in the first cluster accounting 62% of total genotypes followed by 15 genotypes categorized in the second cluster. The remaining four clusters have one genotype each. Divergence and cluster mean show that, crossings between genotypes of clusters (II, III), and VI could lead to recovery of good transgressive segregants for maximum heterosis in wheat varietal improvement.

Study of Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Gladiolus Cultivars under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, India

A field experiment was carried out to “Study of Evaluating Genetic Variability of Gladiolus (Gladilous grandiflorus L.) Cultivars Under Agro –Climatic conditions of Prayagraj” was conducted at the Departmental research field of Horticulture, Naini, Agriculture Institute during Rabi season of 2022-2023. The experiment involved 15 cultivars arranged in randomized block design with three replication. The analysis of the data showed that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters studied, indicating that environmental factors had a significant influence on these characters. Several traits, including number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant, exhibited high PCV and GCV. Furthermore, the study found high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean for traits such as the number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant. This suggests that these traits are under strong genetic control and have the potential for effective selection and improvement. Moreover, positive and highly significant correlations were observed between corm yield per plant (in grams) and various other traits, including the number of leaves at 30DAS, 60DAS, and 90DAS, number of shoots per plant, days to first flowering, rachis length, number of florets per spike, number of spikes per plant, floret length, floret diameter, number of corms per plant, corm diameter, weight of corm, number of corms per hectare, and number of cormels per hectare. These correlations indicate that these traits have a strong influence on corm yield. Based on the study's results, genotypes Yellow stone, followed by Joshka, Pusa suhagan, and Arka Naveen, were identified as high spike and corm-yielding genotypes under the agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj.Overall, the study highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on the observed traits and provides valuable insights into the selection of gladiolus genotypes with desirable characteristics for cultivation in the Prayagraj region.

Genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for quantitative traits of sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes at Fedis, Eastern Ethiopia

Sorghum is the second most important food crop after teff in Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to estimate the genetic variations, heritability, and expected genetic advances in the selected sorghum genotypes. Sixty-four sorghum genotypes were evaluated for 17 quantitative traits in 8x8 simple lattice designs at the Boko research site. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits. The Phenotypic Coefficient Of Variation (PCV) ranged from 4.74% for days to flowering to 24.74% for panicle width, while Genotypic Coefficients Of Variation (GCV) ranged from 3.58% for leaf length to 20.33 % for panicle width. The highest PCV and GCV values were recorded for panicle width, head weight, and harvest index. Moderate PCV and GCV were recorded for grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, panicle length, and grain yield; indicating the effectiveness of selection based on the phenotypic performance of the genotypes. Broad sense heritability (H2) ranged from 24.74 % for biomass yield to 96.6% for head weight, whereas GAM ranged from 4.8% for biomass yield to 41.95% for panicle width. High H2 coupled with high GAM was observed for grain filling rate, panicle length, panicle width, head weight, grain yield, and harvest index; indicating that these characters are controlled by additive gene action and phenotypic selection for these characters will be effective. However, the information generated in the current study it can be useful for breeders who want to improve yield and yield contributing traits of sorghum.

Studies on PCV, GCV, Heritability, and Genetic Advance in Rice Genotypes for Yield and Yield Components

The present experiment was carried out in twelve genotypes including IRRI introgression lines and a Japonica cultivar to analyse the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes. All the traits under study recorded a high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) indicating the presence of environment controlling the traits. But, the less difference between PCV and GCV implies that the involvement had a negligible role in the trait expression. High PCV and GCV were observed for the characters plant height, number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, L/B ratio, protein content, phenol content, and reducing sugar, representing that these characters in genotypes are contributed by additive gene action and the direct selection will improve the trait easily. Among the traits studied, high heritability and genetic advance were obtained for plant height, number of days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, grain breadth, L/B ratio, protein content, phenol content, and ascorbic acid, representing that these characters are predominant in additive gene action.