High Performance GPS Research Articles

Short-Baseline High-Precision DGPS for Smart Snow Blower

High-precision positioning is critical for many Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications; however, most existing approaches are too expensive to be used in commercial products. A highly accurate differential global positioning system (DGPS) has not been widely used because of the difficulty in solving integer ambiguities in the single-frequency carrier phase. Multipath interference and receiver noise are the main reasons for limiting the DGPS accuracy and efficiency in solving integer ambiguities. In this article, we propose a combination of anti-multipath antennas and high-performance GPS receivers to effectively mitigate impairments due to multipath propagation and receiver noise. Furthermore, by exploiting more data available from high-performance GPS receivers, we can improve the efficiency of solving carrier-phase integer ambiguities. For applications in a smart snow blower, we installed two GPS receivers with a constant separation between them. The distance between the GPS receivers was used to verify the DGPS results. Furthermore, using the proposed DGPS technology, the smart snow blower can obtain a high-precision orientation estimation, with a standard deviation of 0.299 cm in positioning accuracy and 0.409° in orientation accuracy.

Tax legal review of drones

4차산업혁명에 의한 지능정보사회에서는 인공지능, 빅데이터, 드론 등에 의하여 조세법 영역에도 많은 영향을 줄 것이다. 인공지능 로봇의 등장으로 전자인격부여, 기본소득보장, 로봇세 도입 등이 논의되고 있으나, 드론에 대한 조세법적인 연구는 매우 미흡한 상태이다. 최근 드론기술은 4차산업혁명을 이끄는 핵심적인 기술이며, 드론산업의 발달에 따라 드론시장이 급격하게 확대되고 있으며, 인공지능 및 고성능카메라･GPS를 탑재한 드론은 소형 인공지능로봇으로 기능을 하고 있을 뿐만아니라 일자리의 변화 및 지역경제발달에도 영향을 줄 것이다, 취미 생활용 드론은 수십만원에서 천만원대까지, 상업용 드론은 1억8,000만원때까지 시장가격이 형성되어 재산적 가치가 높음에도 불구하고 드론에 대한 지방세법의 반영미비로 인하여 항공기, 선박등과 달리 취득세, 등록면허세, 재산세등을 부과하지 못하여 과세형평성과 조세정의를 위반할 우려가 있다. 다만, 미국에서는 드론에 대하여 신규등록 또는 3년마다 갱신할 때 등록수수료를 납부하도록 있다. 그동안 선행연구는 드론에 대한 프라이버시등 드론규제에 대한 논의가 이루어져 왔으나, 드론에 대한 세무조사와 한계, 드론에 대한 과세체계, 등록면허세, 취득세, 재산세 부과에 따른 지방세법의 합리적 개선방안이 절실히 요구된다. 따라서 우리나라 소득세법, 법인세법, 부가가치세법, 지방세법상의 드론에 관한 과세체계는 검토한 다음, 드론을 통한 세무조사의 요건과 한계설정문제와, 공평과세 및 조세정의의 실현 관점과 지방자치단체의 자주재원의 확충을 통한 재정고권을 보장하기 위한 방안, 드론의 취득세 및 재산세의 물건의 범위, 드론에 관한 등록면허세, 취득세, 재산세 부과를 위한 지방세법의 입법적 개선방안을 합리적으로 강구한다.In the intelligent information society by the 4th industrial revolution, artificial intelligence, big data, drones will affect the tax law area too. Although the introduction of artificial intelligence robots, the introduction of electronic personality, the guarantee of basic income, and the introduction of robot tax, are being discussed, tax law studies on drones are insufficient. Recently, the drone technology is a key technology that leads the fourth industrial revolution. The drones market is rapidly expanding according to the development of the drones industry, and the drones equipped with artificial intelligence and high-performance cameras and GPS function as small artificial intelligence robots But also affect job change and regional economic development. Hobby drones range in price from several hundred thousand won to ten million won, commercial drones are priced at 180 million won, Due to the inadequacy of the local tax laws, unlike airplanes and ships, it is not possible to impose acquisition tax, registration license, and property tax, which may violate tax equality and tax justice. In the United States, however, registration fees are required to be paid for new drones or for renewal every three years. Although previous studies have discussed the regulation of drones such as privacy of drones, there is a desperate need for the rational improvement of the local tax law based on tax investigation and limitation on drones, taxation system for drones, registration license, acquisition tax, do. Therefore, we review taxation system of Korean income tax law, corporation tax law, VAT law, and local tax law, and then consider the necessity and limit setting problem of tax investigation through drones, realization point of fair taxation and tax definition, It is reasonable to seek legislative improvement measures of the local tax law for the purpose of securing the financial highland through the expansion of the financial resources, the acquisition tax of the drone, the range of the property tax, the registration license tax, the acquisition tax and the property tax.

Estimation of the tire slip angle under various road conditions without tire–road information for vehicle stability control

This paper presents a tire slip angle estimator based on an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm for vehicle stability control. The proposed algorithm is capable of estimating the tire slip angles under various road conditions without the prior knowledge of tire and road condition by only using on-board vehicle sensors. Instead of employing tire and road information, the proposed algorithm utilizes multiple numbers of model candidates to represent all aspects of vehicle motions under various road conditions. Each model candidate is a combination of lateral vehicle dynamics and transient/steady state tire dynamics. The proposed algorithm evaluates the fidelity of each model candidate to the current vehicle dynamics with probability. Moreover, in the proposed algorithm, multiple numbers of Kalman filters are embedded with these model candidates as process models. The final estimate of the proposed algorithm in each time step is a linear sum of the posteriori states from multiple embedded filters with the calculated probability as coefficients. The proposed estimation algorithm has been evaluated via vehicle tests. The tests have been conducted on dry asphalt and wet asphalt using a luxury passenger car equipped with a high-performance GPS for reference and data logging computer. The results have shown that the proposed estimator can successfully estimate tire slip angles with satisfactory accuracy under various road conditions

A Robust High-Performance GPS L1 Receiver with Single-stage Quadrature Redio-Frequency Circuit

A low power current reuse single-stage quadrature raido-frequency part (SQRF) is proposed for GPS L1 receiver in 180nm CMOS process. The proposed circuit consists of LNA, Mixer, QVCO, is called the QLMV cell. A two blocks stacked topology is adopted in this design. The parallel QVCO and mixer placed on the top forms the upper stacked block, and the LNA placed on the bottom forms the other stacked block. The two blocks share the current and achieve low power performance. To improve the stability, a float current source is proposed. The float current isolated the local oscillation signal and the input RF signal, which bring the whole circuit robust high-performance. The result shows conversion gain is 34 dB, noise figure is three dB, the phase noise is -110 dBc/Hz at 1MHz and IIP3 is -20 dBm. The proposed circuit dissipated 1.7mW with 1 V supply voltage.

A location-based services and Google maps-based information master system for tour guiding

This paper aims to develop a location-based services supported Dr.What-Info system, i.e. a master multi-agent system on what the information is, using Google maps and an image recognition technology as a tourism information provider and as a route planner for tourists. Users can have great fun during vacation travels through an easy-to-use interface, integrating smartphone GPS function, a QR/Bar code reader and easy access to a cloud database, to find all of the required web services. In particular, given an archeological site in New Taipei City, Taiwan, for testing purposes, the presented system is demonstrated not only as a provider of information on popular tourist attractions, but also as a high performance GPS navigation device to guide users toward their desired destinations. The complete system developments, displays, and corresponding experiments and comparisons show that the research results demonstrate performance superiority over a number of previous studies.

Conformal Patch Antenna Arrays Design for Onboard Ship Deployment Using Genetic Algorithms

Conformal antennas and antenna arrays (arrays) have become necessary for vehicular communications where a high degree of aerodynamic drag reduction is needed, like in avionics and ships. However, the necessity to conform to a predefined shape (e.g., of an aircraft’s nose) directly affects antenna performance since it imposes strict constraints to the antenna array’s shape, element spacing, relative signal phase, and so forth. Thereupon, it is necessary to investigate counterintuitive and arbitrary antenna shapes in order to compensate for these constraints. Since there does not exist any available theoretical frame for designing and developing arbitrary-shape antennas in a straightforward manner, we have developed a platform combining a genetic algorithm-based design, optimization suite, and an electromagnetic simulator for designing patch antennas with a shape that is not a priori known (the genetic algorithm optimizes the shape of the patch antenna). The proposed platform is further enhanced by the ability to design and optimize antenna arrays and is intended to be used for the design of a series of antennas including conformal antennas for shipping applications. The flexibility and performance of the proposed platform are demonstrated herein via the design of a high-performance GPS patch antenna.

HiPeG: A high performance balloon gondola for fine angular resolution X-ray telescopes

A platform for balloon-borne hard X-ray experiments capable of tens of arcsec pointing accuracy is a necessary condition for the new generation of high angular resolution X-ray telescopes. We have designed a new multi-mission platform in which the attitude determination system is based upon a high performance GPS and a star sensor equipped with a high-dynamic range CCD detector. The device is an autonomous and flexible system which, by means of efficient star identification and tracking algorithms, permits a fine dynamical pointing and reconstruction of the pointing trajectory down to the arcsec level. This paper presents specifications of the gondola and summarizes its characteristics which will be tested in a balloon flight scheduled in near future.

Development of an Integrated Low-Cost GPS/Rate Gyro System for Attitude Determination

The use of low-cost GPS receivers and antennas for attitude determination can significantly reduce the overall hardware system cost. Compared to the use of high performance GPS receivers, the carrier phase measurements from low-cost equipment are subject to additional carrier phase measurement errors, such as multipath, antenna phase centre variation and noise. These error sources, together with more frequent cycle slip occurrences, severely deteriorate attitude determination availability, reliability and accuracy performance. This paper presents the investigation of a low-cost GPS/gyro integration system for attitude determination. By employing the dead reckoning sensor type, the ambiguity search region can be specifically defined as a small cube to enhance the ambiguity resolution process. A Kalman filter is implemented to fuse the rate gyro data with GPS carrier phase measurements. The quality control system based on innovation sequences is used to identify cycle slip occurrences and incorrect inter-antenna vector solutions. The availability of the integrated system also improves with respect to the GPS standalone system since the attitude parameters can be estimated using the angular rate measurements from rate gyros during GPS outages. The low-cost hardware used to design and test the integrated system consists of CMC Allstar receivers with the OEM AT575-70 antennas and Murata ENV-05D-52 piezoelectric vibrating rate gyroscopes. Tests in the urban area demonstrated that the introduction of rate gyros in a GPS-based attitude determination system not only effectively decreased the noise level in the estimated attitude parameters but coasted the attitude output during GPS outages and also significantly improved the system reliability.

Local deformation monitoring using GPS in an open pit mine: initial study

High-performance GPS RTK software has been developed within the Geodetic Research Laboratory (GRL) at the University of New Brunswick (UNB). This software was initially designed for gantry crane auto-steering. Due to limitations with classical geodetic deformation monitoring techniques, the Canadian Centre for Geodetic Engineering (CCGE) at UNB has decided to augment its fully automated deformation monitoring system with GPS. As a result, the GRL and CCGE have combined efforts to achieve the required precision. As a first step, tests of the GPS real-time kinematic (RTK) software have been carried out at Highland Valley Copper Mine in British Columbia, Canada. An open-pit mine environment places certain constraints on the achievable accuracies attainable with GPS. Consequently, the software has been modified to meet the needs of this particular project and data have been post-processed for analysis. This paper describes the approach taken at UNB to address high precision requirements in a constrained signal availability environment. Technical and scientific aspects of the UNB software, especially in handling two predominant errors (residual tropospheric zenith delay and multipath) at the mine, are discussed. Results of tests that have been carried out at the mine are presented.

An Introduction to SnapTrack® Wireless-Assisted GPS Technology™

With more than 30 worldwide patent applications filed and nearly 20 granted, SnapTrack is the first to create a location determination system that embeds high-performance GPS receiving capability into a mobile terminal (e. g., a wireless phone or PDA) without significantly altering its shpae, size, or cost. SnapTrack's technology fuses the intelligence and power of wireless networks in the mobile environment with the accuracy and worldwide coverage of the Global Positioning System. The distributed SnapTrack® Wireless-Assisted GPS system architecture is superior to conventional GPS-based approaches and other location technologies in terms of cost, sensitivity, time-to-first-fix, and power consumption. This paper describes the advantages of Wireless-Assisted GPS and demonstrates the technology with a presentation of field test results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Evaluation of GPS for Applications in Precision Agriculture

Location coordinate information is needed in precision agriculture to map in-field variability, and to serve as a control input for variable rate application. Differential global positioning system (DGPS) measurement techniques were compared with other independent data sources for sample point location and combine yield mapping operations. Sample point location could be determined to within 1 m (3 ft) 2dRMS using C/A code processing techniques and data from a high-performance GPS receiver. Higher accuracies could be obtained with carrier phase kinematic positioning methods, but this required more time and was a less robust technique with a greater potential for data acquisition problems. Data from a DGPS C/A code receiver was accurate enough to provide combine position information in yield mapping. However, distance data from another source, such as a ground-speed radar or shaft speed sensor, was needed to provide sufficient accuracy in the travel distance measurements used to calculate yield on an area basis.