High Number Of Treatments Research Articles

Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides: Current Guidance and Experience from Clinical Practice

IntroductionFolliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is the most frequent variant of mycosis fungoides (MF), with clinical features which differ from the classic form. As for therapeutic options, the latest guidelines on MF agree on a stage-driven strategy, in consideration of clinical presentation, symptom burden and patient’s comorbidities.Materials and MethodsA search on MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library was conducted to gather the latest evidence on FMF clinical management. Manuscripts published in the last five years (January 2017–April 2022) were included. Our single-center experience was also described.ResultsA total of 15 articles were analyzed, with a total of 432 patients (disease stage from IA to IVA2). The most widely-used treatment was psoralen ultra-violet A (PUVA) in monotherapy or in association with other drugs. Oral retinoid-based therapy was also described as a therapeutic option alone or in combination. Other therapy reported were based on Brentuximab Vedotin, Mogamulizumab, Carmustine, topical steroids, tazarotene and excimer laser, interferon, nitrogen mustard, imiquimod, systemic chemotherapy, extracorporeal photopheresis and stem cell transplantation.DiscussionFMF is characterized by specific clinical-pathologic features. Advanced forms assume characteristics more similar to classic MF (infiltrated plaques and nodules), whilst early stages can present in a wide range of clinical forms (acneiform lesions, follicular-like keratoses, erythematous patches). As for therapeutic options, in absence of specific guidelines, a high number of treatments are described in clinical practice, with variable results. Phototherapy in all its forms, especially as PUVA, appears to have the greatest initial therapeutic success. Retinoids, although widely used, appear to be poorly effective in monotherapy, particularly acitretin. Combination treatment with phototherapy seems to be advisable. Ionizing treatments, such as radiotherapy and TSEBT, appear effective, at least in the short term. Overall, an integrated approach is mandatory for the inconstant course of the disease and its multidisciplinary nature.

Calibration of FAO-aquacrop model for summer chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in Marathwada region

Crop models are useful for different purposes; primarily, to interpret experimental results and as research tools for research knowledge synthesis. Lengthy and expensive field experiments, especially with a high number of treatments, can be pre-evaluated through a well-proven model. Optimum management practices, either strategic or tactic, such as planting date, cultivar selection, fertilization, or water and pesticides usage, can be assessed through proven simulation models for making seasonal or within-season decisions. The capability of AquaCrop model is tested and confirmed by various researches throughout the world. Findings of the field study were used to calibrate the AquaCrop Model for summer chilli in Marathwada region. Results from this study provided a set of first estimates for the calibration of the AquaCrop model on chilli for Marathwada conditions and for further testing and validation of the model at other agroclimatic conditions. AquaCrop model was calibrated by using field data of full irrigation treatment with harvesting index of 75% and water productivity 30 g/m2 as there was close match between observed and simulated canopy cover with high value statistical parameter of R2NS =0.97 and CRM = -0.051. It was also cleared that the canopy cover was overestimated by model particularly during 36 to 84 DAT i.e. during development stage. But the scatter plot clears that as the canopy cover lie on both sides of 1:1 line, there was no consistent over or under estimation.

Sensitivity assessment of Caligus rogercresseyi to anti-louse chemicals in relation to treatment efficacy in Chilean salmonid farms

Control of the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi in the Chilean salmonid industry relies mainly on chemical treatments, with reported resistance to deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate. In this study, twenty four-hour exposure bioassays were performed to explore the sensitivity level of adult male and female C. rogercresseyi towards the three main chemicals currently in use (azamethiphos, pyrethroids and emamectin benzoate) at four farms located in the Regions X and XI (Chile). Lice abundance was monitored weekly at the farms and anti-louse treatment efficacy and re-infestation rate were calculated. The correlation for adult lice between sensitivity level found in bioassays and treatment efficacy was explored. Azamethiphos and the pyrethroids deltamethrin and cypermethrin were the most commonly applied treatments. Sensitivity towards azamethiphos was lower in the farms from Region X than in those in Region XI. Yet azamethiphos treatment efficacy for adult lice was above 90% in all farms and the re-infestation rate low. Previous use of other organophosphates in Region X was suggested as the possible cause for the difference in sensitivity between regions. Low sensitivity towards deltamethrin coupled with low deltamethrin and cypermethrin treatment efficacies, high number of treatments and high re-infestation rate was detected in mid-west of Region X, indicating a severe resistance problem. In addition, this area probably had high lice infestation pressure since high number of treatments with the still effective azamethiphos was needed to keep the lice abundance low. In other areas, those parameters indicated that the resistance level and the infestation pressure were lower, but with differences between farms. Sensitivity towards emamectin benzoate was low and similar in the four farms (no treatment efficacy data available). Differences in sensitivity between louse genders were explored. Females tended to be less sensitive than males to azamethiphos only at low louse sensitivity. Females were more resistant than males to deltamethrin, although the differences decreased when sensitivity was low. Males tended to be less susceptible than females to emamectin benzoate when sensitivity decreased. The combination of methods and data presented in this study proved to be useful for detecting resistance issues and problematic areas regarding lice infestation. They may also be used for anticipating problems in the future, which is crucial for improving the use of anti-louse chemicals and reducing the risk of resistance development. Statement of relevanceTools for Caligus rogercresseyi resistance monitoring.

ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation Enabled by Non-Antigen-Specific Immunoadsorption

ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation performed after desensitization with antigen-specific immunoadsorption (IA) results in good outcomes. However, a unique single-use IA device is required, which creates high costs. From August 2005 to August 2010, 19 patients were desensitized for ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation. Six patients treated with a single-use antigen-specific IA device and 12 patients treated with a reusable non-antigen-specific IA device were analyzed. Six patients who received antigen-specific IA had a median of 5 IA treatments and 12 patients with non-antigen-specific IA had a median of 6 IA treatments preoperatively. Median average titer drop in Coombs technique was 1.2 in antigen-specific IA and 1.7 in non-antigen-specific IA. In two patients with antigen-specific IA and four patients with non-antigen-specific IA, additional plasmapheresis treatments were necessary for recipient desensitization. Despite six treatments with antigen-specific IA and 12 plasmapheresis treatments, one patient with a starting isoagglutinin titer of 1:1024 (Coombs) could not be transplanted. The 18-month graft survival rate for the 17 ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplants was 100%. One male recipient who was desensitized with antigen-specific IA died 44 months after transplantation from sudden cardiac death with a serum creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL. At last follow-up, a median of 13 months after transplantation, median serum creatinine for 16 patients was 1.5 mg/dL, median glomerular filtration rate as estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease formula 54 mL/min/1.73 m, and median urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio 0.1, with no differences between treatments. A reusable non-antigen-specific IA device allows high number of treatments at reasonable cost, and at the same time might deplete human leukocyte antigen-alloantibodies.

Relationship between virulence and antimicrobial resistance in bacteria

ISSN Nowadays, a high number of treatments against infections caused by pathogens remain noneffective. It had been reported that acquisition of antimicrobial resistance may be related with the virulence in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, acquisition of resistance promotes an increase or decrease of virulence. In addition, virulence and resistance might be contained in the same mobile genetic element and transferred together to microorganisms belonging to the same or to different species. The aim of this review is to analyse the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and virulence in different microorganisms. 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Pathologies iatrogènes liées aux traitements du glaucome

The high prevalence of glaucoma leads to a very high number of treatments. It is therefore not surprising to see a huge number of side effects, whatever treatment modalities are used. In this article, we describe the iatrogenicity of the treatments commonly used in the management of glaucoma, namely drugs, laser, and the surgical interventions. Good knowledge of these adverse effects is needed to provide adequate information to patients and to attempt to decrease their occurrence.

Ajustes de quadrado médio do erro em ensaios de competição de cultivares de milho pelo método de Papadakis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as diferentes formas de calcular o índice de produtividade, usado como covariável pelo método de Papadakis, e verificar se este método é eficiente para aumentar a precisão experimental nos ensaios de competição de cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.) com grande número de tratamentos. Em relação ao rendimento de grãos, procedeu-se a verificação das pressuposições do modelo matemático, a análise da variância no delineamento de blocos ao acaso e a análise de covariância no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, usando como covariável o índice de produtividade estimado por cinco formas (método de Papadakis). A comparação da análise convencional (blocos ao acaso) com a análise pelo método de Papadakis foi realizada com base nas estimativas do quadrado médio do erro, coeficiente de variação, diferença mínima significativa pelo teste de Tukey, número de grupos formados pelo teste de Scott-Knott e o índice de diferenciação de Fasoulas. O método de Papadakis melhorou a precisão experimental entre 10,5% e 48,1% em relação às diferentes formas de estimação da covariável índice de produtividade, mostrando que a vizinhança mais próxima (unidade experimental de referência e as quatro laterais) é a forma mais eficiente na redução do erro experimental.