High Number Of Households Research Articles

재개발 사업기간의 영향요인 분석에 관한 연구

The primary goal of this research is to determine the impact of an amendment to the Urban Improvement Act on the duration of redevelopment projects. Basic statistics analysis results reveal an increased redevelopment project period since the amendment, high number of households and tenants of existing houses, and high ratio of general sales and rental of completed houses. Meanwhile, the results of multiple regression analysis, which uses the period from the establishment of the implementation union as a dependent variable, reveal that the amendment increases the project period, and the project period increases if the key interest rate rises and the GDP growth rate is high. With an increased key interest rate, GDP growth rate, and construction investment, the project period decreases. Meanwhile, when the Seoul land price and price index increase, the project period increases. The amendment has improved public interest by increasing the supply of rental housing, but administrative support for the redevelopment of unviable areas must be strengthened to prevent urban polarization.

Cropping Pattern, Production Status and Farmer’s Indigenous Practices of Local Crops in Humla District, Nepal

A study was carried out in the Humla district during 2078 B.S. to examine the local cropping pattern, production status, and indigenous practices of crops. To gather information, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to survey 52 households, and two focus group discussions were conducted. The study found that the major indigenous crops were summer crops that were sowed in the months of Baisakh and Jestha and harvested in Ashoj and Kartik. These crops required less water. On the other hand, winter season crops such as naked barley and wheat (pabai) required more than seven months for harvesting. Beans, buckwheat, potato, and finger millet were the major crops produced in the study area. Beans, buckwheat, and barley were cultivated by a higher number of households, while buckwheat, potato, and beans had high crop production. The majority of farmers practices a two-year crop rotation. Additionally, the study found that socio-economic factors such as gender, farmer’s age, caste, family size, and total crop production had a significant relation on maintaining on-farm crop diversity. The study concluded that local farmers in Humla district continue to rely on traditional practices for crop management, which are well-suited to the local agro-climatic conditions. However, it is necessary to give greater emphasis to increasing cropping intensity through the introduction of new technology and innovation, suitable crop management methods, and the protection of indigenous crops to enhance food security and agricultural sustainability in the region.

Socioeconomic and Medical Vulnerabilities Among Syrian Refugees with Non-communicable Diseases Attending Médecins Sans Frontières Services in Irbid, Jordan

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are high-prevalence health problems among Syrian refugees. In 2014, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) identified unmet NCD care needs and began providing free-of-charge services for Syrian refugees in Irbid, Jordan. This study aimed to describe current socioeconomic and medical vulnerabilities among MSF Irbid Syrian refugee patients and their households and raise awareness of their ongoing health needs that must be addressed. A cross-sectional survey among Syrian refugees attending MSF NCD services in Irbid Governorate, Jordan was conducted by telephone interviews in January 2021 to query sociodemographic characteristics, economic situation, self-reported NCD prevalence, and Ministry of Health (MoH) policy awareness. Descriptive analysis of indicators included proportions or means presented with 95% confidence intervals. The survey included 350 patient-participants in 350 households and 2157 household members. Mean age was 28.3 years. Only 13.5% of household members had paid or self-employed work; 44% of households had no working members. Mean monthly income was 258.3 JOD (95%CI: 243.5–273.1) per household. Mean expenditures were 320.0 JOD (95%CI: 305.1–334.9). Debt was reported by 93% of households. NCD prevalence among adults was 42% (95%CI: 40–45). Hypertension was most prevalent (31.1%, 95%CI: 28.7–33.7), followed by diabetes (21.8%, 95%CI: 19.7–24.1) and cardiovascular diseases (14.4%, 95%CI: 12.6–16.4). Only 23% of interviewees were aware of subsidized MoH rates for NCD care. Twenty-nine percent stated they will not seek MoH care, mainly due to the unaffordable price. Our findings highlight increased vulnerability among MSF Irbid Syrian refugee NCD patients and their households, including: an older population; a high percentage of unemployment and reliance on cash assistance; higher proportion of households in debt and a high number of households having to resort to extreme coping mechanisms when facing a health emergency; and a higher proportion of people with multiple comorbid NCDs and physical disability. Their awareness of subsidised MoH care was low. MoH care is expected to be unaffordable for many. These people are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. It is vital that health actors providing care for Syrian refugees take action to reduce their risk, including implementing financial support mechanisms and free healthcare.

Humanitarian disaster: mental health disorders at primary healthcare clinic

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the mental health of Rohingya refugees attending the Malaysian Field Hospital primary health clinic after arriving in Bangladesh. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of mental health disorders, somatic symptoms and to ascertain the determinants of mental health disorders among the Rohingya refugee community attending the primary health clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, face-to-face interview using the DASS-21 Questionnaire was conducted among 180 random samples of patients from the Rohingya community. Symptoms of illnesses were recorded before giving the appropriate treatment. Data was collected to obtain the prevalence of mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and to study the association and predictors of mental health disorders. RESULTS: 70.6% of respondents reported having mental health disorders. 70% presented with anxiety and 51.6% had depression. Among the respondents with mental health disorders, 70.8% presented with somatic symptoms. Mental health disorders were associated with female gender, older age, formal education, unemployment, high number of households, being in Bangladesh one year or less, and presence of somatic symptoms. Being in Bangladesh one year or less (AOR, 11.73; 95% CI 3.38–40.71) and presence of somatic symptoms (AOR, 12.1; 95% CI: 4.02 to 36.44) were significant predictors of mental health disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of mental health disorders among Rohingya refugees attending the primary health care clinic was high, and they presented with somatic symptoms.

Analysis and Evaluation of the Effects of Housing Foundation Activities on Improving the Physical and Social Dimension of Development of Rural Settlements Case Study: Moghan County (Germi) Villages

Rural development has a close relationship with structural processes such as social and physical processes. Therefore, in this study, the effects of housing activities in two social and physical dimensions of villages in the city of Germi have been investigated.In order to know about the issues and the results of the preparation and implementation of these projects, it is necessary to study case studies of eligible villages, in this regard, to evaluate the plans of the rural municipality and villagers and the rural ownership document in the villages of Moghan (Germi) 55 villages of the city have been implemented. In this research, descriptive-analytic method has been used based on documentary studies and field operations (questionnaire, interview, etc.). Given the number of villages and the high number of households in rural areas, a sample size of 287 households was determined using the Cochran formula and distributed randomly among the households living in each village. The results of the research show that the relationship between the activities of the Housing Foundation and the social development of the villages is significant (the value is less than 0.05), the intensity of the relationship is 0.033, and the direct and the positive, as well as the relationship between the activities of the Foundation Housing and sustainable development of the villages are meaningful, (the value of which is less than 0.05), the intensity of the relationship is equal to 0.629, is direct and positive.

Outcomes of disease prevention and management interventions in food pantries and food banks: a scoping review

ObjectiveFood insecurity affects millions of Americans and is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. Food insecure individuals often obtain food from food pantries/banks, prompting health researchers to implement...

Geographic Distribution of Households with Goats and Women’s Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Perceptions of Healthcare Providers Toward Risk of Exposure to Goats or Their Raw Products in Pregnant Women

Objective: To identify the geographic distribution of households with goats and rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women, and assess healthcare providers’ perceptions towards risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes related with exposure to goats or their raw products during pregnancy and their intention to do risk screening.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Songkhla province using the number of households with goats and the rates of abortion, stillbirth, and preterm birth reported in the Thailand 2015 Universal Coverage Scheme database. The perceptions towards risk of exposure to goats or their raw products and the intention to do risk screening according to the Health Belief Model of 46 healthcare providers from four districts of this province were using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression.Results: A high number of households with goats was found in all four districts but the number of households with goats was not significantly correlated with any of the rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Most perceptions of healthcare providers were highly correlated with intention to do risk screening, except their perceptions on barriers. Cues to action was significantly (p-value=0.018) associated with intention to do risk screening in multiple regression analysis.Conclusion: No correlation between the number of households with goats and rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were found; however, healthcare providers had positive perceptions and intention to do risk screening for exposure to goats or their raw products in pregnant women. Education and warning messages concerning zoonosis as strengthening cues to action are needed.

Appropriate household water treatment methods in Ethiopia: household use and associated factors based on 2005, 2011, and 2016 EDHS data

BackgroundDiarrheal disease attributable to water and sanitation can be prevented using point-of-use water treatment. In Ethiopia, a small number of households treat water at point-of-use with appropriate methods. However, evidence on factors associated with household use of these treatment methods is scarce. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the household use of appropriate point-of-use water treatment and associated factors in Ethiopia.MethodsThe data of 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health surveys were used for analysis. Households reportedly treating water with bleach, boiling, filtration, and solar disinfection in each survey are considered as treating with appropriate treatment methods. Household water treatment with these treatment methods and factors associated was assessed using bivariate and multivariable regression. In addition, a region level difference in the treatment use was assessed by using multilevel modeling.ResultsThe number of households that reported treating water with appropriate water treatment methods was 3.0%, 8.2%, and 6.5% respectively in 2005, 2011, and 2016. Household heads with higher education had 5.99 (95% CI = 3.48, 10.33), 3.61 (95% CI = 2.56, 5.07), and 3.43 (95% CI = 2.19, 6.37) times higher odds of using the treatment methods respectively in 2005, 2011, and 2016 compared to household heads who had no education. There was a significantly high number of households that used appropriate water treatment methods in 2011 (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 2.16, 3.57) and 2016 (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.64, 3.89) compared to 2005 data. In pooled data analysis, the reported use of the treatment methods is associated with household head education, residency, drinking water sources, and owning radio and television. From a multilevel modeling, within-region variation is higher than between-region variations in the use of treatment methods in each survey.ConclusionsBelow 10% of households reportedly treating water at point-of-use in each survey attributable to different factors. Designing intervention strategies for wide-scale use of treatment methods at the country level is fundamental.

Deprivation and healthy food access, cost and availability: a cross-sectional study.

Food access, cost and availability have been identified as determinants of dietary choice. It has been suggested that these are socio-economically patterned; however, the evidence is inconclusive. The present study investigated whether differences exist with respect to healthy food access, cost and availability between areas of contrasting deprivation. An ecological, cross-sectional study was conducted in two of the most and two of the least deprived wards in Plymouth. Food retail outlets (FROs) (n = 38) were identified and mapped using Geographic Information Systems to assess 'physical access', by foot, to food retail provision. Healthy food basket (HFB) surveys were conducted (n = 32) to compare the cost and availability of 28 healthy food items between the more and less deprived areas. Areas of poor access to food retail provision were identified in both study areas, with a higher number of households in the more-deprived areas being affected than in the less-deprived areas, after accounting for car ownership levels. Median [IQR] HFB availability was lower in more-deprived than the less-deprived areas (48%, [39-71%] vs. 75%, [68-82%]; P=0.003), and in convenience stores than supermarkets (54%, [43-72%] vs. 78%, [72-96%]; P=0.001). Descriptive summaries revealed negligible differences in total median HFB cost between the more-deprived and less-deprived areas (£55.97 versus £55.94) and a larger cost difference between convenience stores and supermarkets (£62.39 versus £44.25). Differences were found with respect to healthy food access, cost and availability in areas of contrasting deprivation. These appeared to be related to FRO type rather than deprivation alone.

The Evaluation of Noise Pollution from Railways

Introduction: Railway traffic is one of the main sources of noise pollution in urban areas related with adverse effects on human health. We examined the noise levels from different types of rail transport according to the distance from the railway line and evaluated the number of exposed households. Methods: The measurements of noise level from the different types of trains (electric passenger, diesel passenger and diesel freight) were carried out in three places in Kaunas city, Lithuania. Noise levels from railways have been measured at a 10 and 40 meter distance from the railway line to identify the highest noise level of the homes closest to the railway. To determine the efficiency of noise barriers we measured sound level before and after the barrier. Brüel & Kjær 2250 portable sound level meter was used for noise measurements made with the A-weighting scale (dBA). In order to assess the number of households exposed to the highest level of noise geographic information system (GIS) was used to create a 10 and 40 meters buffer zone along the railway line. A spatial join was performed that allowed to append the attributes of households to the attributes of noise level. Results: The mean level of noise from electric passenger, diesel passenger and diesel freight trains at a distance of 10 meters from the railway line were 71 dBA, 74 dBA and 82 dBA. At a distance of 40 meters from the railway line the noise levels decreased and were 65 dBA, 68 dBA and 75 dBA, respectively. The results showed that the noise level from all types of trains was higher than 65 dBA. We found that 929 households were exposed to noise level greater than 65 dBA. The study showed that noise barriers significantly reduced the noise level from railways by 17 percent. Conclusions: The present study revealed that high number of households was exposed to high-level noise from railway traffic. The implementation of noise barriers would significantly reduce noise levels in residential areas.

Is MERCOSUR's External Agenda Pro-Poor? An Assessment of the European Union-MERCOSUR Free-Trade Agreement on Poverty in Uruguay Applying MIRAGE

In 2010, after several years of being stalled, negotiations between MERCOSUR (the Common Market of the Southern Cone) and the European Union (EU) to build a free-trade agreement (FTA) were resumed. This FTA is expected to have an important impact on MERCOSUR economies, especially if both blocs reach an agreement regarding the agricultural sector. This paper analyzes the impact of an FTA between MERCOSUR and EU, with a special focus on distributional impacts on Uruguay. For this we apply an improved version of MIRAGE (Modeling International Relationships in Applied General Equilibrium) with household heterogeneity. The representative agent in the standard version of the MIRAGE model is decomposed into a private and a public agent for all regions, and into a high number of households for Uruguay. Results show that a trade agreement between MERCOSUR and EU would have a significant impact on trade flows between both blocs. MERCOSUR economies would increase agriculture exports to EU and industrial imports from EU. Welfare increases in all countries participating in the agreement but is more pronounced for the two small countries of MERCOSUR: Paraguay and Uruguay. In Uruguay, welfare increases for different categories of households, but the richest households benefit the most. In spite of this, inequality decreases as a consequence of the agreement, and poverty rates decrease throughout the country.

Factors influencing the management regime of Nepal's community forestry

Nepal is one of the first developing countries to adopt community forest management which gives authority to forest user groups to manage forest resources. Over one quarter of Nepal's forests is under community forest management. This study aims to examine whether management regime adopted by the Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) is pro-poor and also what factors influence the management regime of Nepal's community forestry. The study relies on primary data from 100 CFUGs of three different mid-hill districts of Nepal. A set of questionnaire was developed and administered to a small group of 100 CFUGs. The CFUGs adopt rigid and less rigid regimes to manage the community forests. The CFUGs tend to favor poor by adopting less rigid management regime. The age of CFUGs, number of households using community forests, and percent of sal tree species composition in the forests tends to influence the management regime of CFUGs. A higher age of CFUGs, higher number of households and lower percentage of sal in the forests are likely to increase the CFUGs adopting rigid regime to manage the community forests.

Property and Personal Crime in Istanbul

In recent studies on urban safety, close relationships between physical and demographic characteristics have been found in crime levels in cities. In many countries social, political and economic turmoil have been the main reasons for the increase in urban crime and violence in the last 50 years. In physically deprived environments, the most important factors that increase urban crime are socially isolated communities, economic discrimination and lack of equality in political citizenship rights. In developing countries, it is difficult to obtain data about crime and safety. For this reason, there are very few studies on crime compared to developed countries. In the research in this paper, the similarities and differences of crime ratios against property and persons in Istanbul are compared with those in other countries. For this purpose, the spatial distribution of crimes committed were analysed on a comparative basis between 1998–2002 in 32 districts displaying different characteristics in terms of distance to the centre, use of land, value of land, physical and demographic features. The research revealed that the crime rates in Istanbul against property and persons were in parallel with developed countries. The districts which have mixed use (residential and commercial, residential and industrial), high population increase, high number of households, high density and high land value, property and personal crime levels are high; when date of becoming a district is recent and the size of the district is large, property and personal crime levels are low.

Association of asthma with serum IgE and skin test reactivity to allergens among children living at high altitude. Tickling the dragon's breath.

Asthma in children and young adults is strongly associated with immediate hypersensitivity to indoor allergens, notably those derived from the house dust mite. In addition, outdoor air pollution is considered to aggravate existing asthma. We investigated the prevalence of asthma and the pattern of allergen sensitization in a mite-free environment with low levels of outdoor air pollution. A total of 567 children aged between 12 and 14 attending Los Alamos Middle School, NM (altitude 7,200 feet) were screened using a respiratory questionnaire; 120 children (53 control children) underwent allergen skin testing and serum IgE measurement, and their bronchial reactivity to histamine was measured. Dust was collected from 111 homes and the level of indoor mite and cat allergen measured. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was high (13%), and from the detailed testing it was estimated that 6.3% of the children had asthma (defined as symptomatic bronchial reactivity). Children with asthma had elevated IgE, 367 (179 to 755) versus 38 (23 to 61), and predominant sensitization to cat, 68 versus 20% (p < 0.001). A high number of households (77%) had a pet cat or dog. The concentration of mite allergen was very low (mean 0.18 micrograms Der p milligrams sieved house dust), whereas that of cat allergen was high in homes with a cat (80.8 micrograms Fel d milligrams) but also in homes with no cat (3.2 micrograms Fel d milligrams). The results show that in a mite-free environment with low levels of outdoor air pollution, asthma was still a major cause of morbidity among schoolchildren.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)