Understanding the structural diversity of lignin is crucial for its efficient conversion into high-value aromatic compounds. However, the impact of lignin's structural characteristics from artificial forests on catalytic depolymerization is not well understood. This study investigates the structural differences in lignin from larch trees of varying ages (10, 20, and 40 years) and anatomical parts (heartwood, sapwood, canopy, bark) to understand how these variations influence catalytic depolymerization. Polyoxometalates (POMs) were selected as catalysts due to their high efficiency in facilitating the conversion of lignin into valuable chemical products. By utilizing POMs for catalytic oxidation, we explore the relationship between lignin structure and depolymerized products, providing insights into the structural features of larch lignin. Our findings reveal that the β-O-4 content of heartwood lignin is as high as 78.7 %, while that of the canopy is lower at 67.1 %. Additionally, the unique lignin structure significantly impacted the yield and selectivity of aromatic monomers, with the highest monomer yield from heartwood lignin reaching 15.64 %, compared to the lowest yield of 7.46 % from canopy lignin. These results lay a theoretical foundation for developing efficient biomass conversion technologies and offer novel strategies for sustainable biomass utilization and environmentally friendly production.