High Molecular Carboxylic Acids Research Articles

Liver fatty acids composition in the sterlet of different ages

Lipids are important factors in the response of organisms to exogenous action due to their role in energy metabolism and cellular signaling as a structural compound of biomembranes. To date, the features of the fatty acid composition of lipids, in particular in their various fractions, in the tissues of sterlet of different age have been studied to a lesser extent. This determines the topicality of deepening such research, which will be of great practical importance in the future, since it will be aimed at increasing adaptation potential and survival of sturgeon fish, especially given their high cost.Here we present changes of fatty acid composition in different lipid fractions of the liver of sterlet of different age (namely two-, three- and nine-year-old) with masses 0.3 - 0.4, 0.5 - 0.6 and 5 - 6 kg for the age-groups of fish, respectively. Fatty acid (FA) composition was determined using gas chromatography on CarloErba (Italy) in Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). The fatty acid composition of lipids of sterlet liver tissues is represented by saturated and unsaturated high-molecular carboxylic acids, the largest content of which belongs to palmitic, stearic, and oleic, linoleic acids, respectively.With increasing sterlet age, fractions of triacylglycerols (TAG) of the liver tissues were found, mainly, reducing saturated and increasing unsaturated fatty acids. Depending on the increase in the unsaturation of high molecular weight carboxylic acids, a significant decrease in the amount of their monoenic (1.7 times), dienic (1.8 times) and, especially, polyenic (4 times) was observed. The amount of TAG unsaturated FA in the liver of 9-year-old sterlet was significantly lowered (~ 2 times) compared to 2- and 3-year-old individuals. Hence, the ratio of saturated and unsaturated FA was greater (~ 2 times) in the 9-year-old sterlet compared with the values of this indicator for two- and three-year-old fish.In the phospholipids of sterlet liver tissues, with an increase of age, a slight increase in the saturated FA content and a decrease in the level of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were recorded.Among the free fatty acids in the liver of sterlet, we identified 27 acids, of them 44%, 41 %, and 35 % were saturated in 2-, 3-year-old and mature fish, respectively. As for free fatty acids, we can conclude the age-dependent decreasing of saturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated FA content was 27 %, 31 % and 47 % in 2-, 3-year-old and adult sterlet fish, and polyunsaturated FA content –27 %, 25 % and 15 %, respectively.All this can be used for the theoretical justification and development of appropriate corrective feed additives and premixes

Photochemical formation of silver metal films from silver salt of natural high molecular carboxylic acid

Thin films of silver salt of alginic acid, a typical high molecular carboxylic acid in nature, were photolyzed by 253.7 nm light. On irradiating with a 15-W sterilization lamp in air at relative humidity of more than 70%, the silver alginate films first became yellow-brown colored due to formation of photolytic colloidal silver particles. When irradiation was continued, the irradiated surface of the films finally changed into clear silver mirror. The morphology of these films was observed by means of a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Colloidal silver particles (10–50 nm diam) formed by a short-time irradiation were sparsely distributed at the film surface. As a result of prolonged irradiation for ∼180 min, film surface was covered with aggregated colloidal silver. The x-ray diffraction study of the irradiated films revealed sharp diffraction lines, indicating that the colloidal silver was in a highly crystalline state. A preliminary observation of a microtomed cross section of the film showed that colloidal silver particles had a tendency to precipitate at the irradiated side of the film. These observations were consistent with more than a 108 -fold decrease of the sheet resistance and change in transmittance spectra of the films caused by photolysis. It has been proposed that silver atoms from the silver alginate migrate and coalesce to yield the colloidal silver. The colloidal silver particles further diffuse in the film and aggregate themselves at the irradiated surface, giving rise to silver metal films.

Formation of silver mirror by photolysis of thin films of high molecular weight silver compounds

SILVER salts of carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid1 became coloured in light. Similarly, suspensions of silver polyalkylacrylates produce various coloured colloidal solutions of silver in light2. These phenomena show that silver carboxylates are easily photolysed to separate silver. We have investigated the photolyses of silver salts of certain high molecular carboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, poly-L-glutamic acid3, alginic acid4, pectic acid5, carboxymethylcellulose and cellulose acetate phthalate, and we report that the smooth films of these silver salts form a silver mirror arising from photolytic silver on their surfaces. This method of producing a thin silver film on the polymer film may be of technical interest because of the optical and electrical properties of the irradiated film.

Solvent Extraction Behavior of Magnesium and Calcium in Versatic Acid-Amine Systems

Abstract Quantitative extraction of calcium and magnesium in high molecular weight carboxylic acid, versatic-9, and amine systems is reported. Butanol was used as diluent. The study includes the extraction behavior as a function of pH by controlled addition of amines, such as monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, and triethanol amine, the effect of diluent, solvent concentration, and different high molecular carboxylic acids such as versatic-10, versatic-911, and SRS-100. A comparison with the β-diketone-buffer-extraction system and versatic-9-buffer system has also been studied. The proposed method is very simple, and quantitative extraction has been achieved.