High Maize Starch Research Articles

Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495 encapsulated with high maize starch, maltodextrin, and gum arabic

The effects of different protective agents, high maize starch (HM), maltodextrin (MD), and gum arabic (GA) on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus after spray drying and during storage at different conditions were investigated. Also, the physicochemical properties of the spray dried powders were evaluated. Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495 (LA) was suspended in a 20% w/v solution of HM, MD, or GA. The solutions were separately spray dried at 140 °C to obtain LA powders: LAHM, LAMD, and LAGA. The powders were separately placed in aluminum bags and packed under 97 and 10% vacuum. The powders were stored at refrigerated (4 °C) and at room (23 °C) temperatures for 60 days. The moisture content of LA powders ranged from 5.63 to 8.98% with the LAMD powders showing lower moisture content than LAGA and LAHM powders. More than 6 log CFU/g of LA/g powder survived at 4 °C at 60 days of storage. LAGA and LAMD powders packed under 97% vacuum and stored at 4 °C had significantly higher cell viability than other powders. The study demonstrated that viability of LA powders packed under 97% vacuum and stored at refrigerated temperature meets the recommended levels to have therapeutic effects.

Influence of wall material on production of spray dried Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 and its viability at different storage conditions

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the spray drying conditions to produce Lactobacillus plantarum powders and to investigate their viability at different storage conditions. L. plantarum NRRL B-4496 was spray dried with high maize starch, maltodextrin, or gum arabic and stored under 97 and 10% vacuum at refrigerated (4°C) and room (23°C) temperatures. Probiotic solutions mixed with the different wall materials had different mass flow rates (kg/h) which produced as a result different evaporation rate values for the production of the probiotic powders. High maize starch and gum arabic were better protective agents than maltodextrin. L. plantarum encapsulated with high maize starch, packed under 97% vacuum, and stored at refrigerated temperature maintained the highest cell viability during 60 days of storage (0.14 log reduction).

Impact of dietary fatty acids on metabolic activity and host intestinal microbiota composition in C57BL/6J mice

Different dietary fat and energy subtypes have an impact on both the metabolic health and the intestinal microbiota population of the host. The present study assessed the impact of dietary fat quality, with a focus on dietary fatty acid compositions of varying saturation, on the metabolic health status and the intestinal microbiota composition of the host. C57BL/6J mice (n 9-10 mice per group) were fed high-fat (HF) diets containing either (1) palm oil, (2) olive oil, (3) safflower oil or (4) flaxseed/fish oil for 16 weeks and compared with mice fed low-fat (LF) diets supplemented with either high maize starch or high sucrose. Tissue fatty acid compositions were assessed by GLC, and the impact of the diet on host intestinal microbiota populations was investigated using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Compositional sequencing analysis revealed that dietary palm oil supplementation resulted in significantly lower populations of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level compared with dietary olive oil supplementation (P< 0·05). Dietary supplementation with olive oil was associated with an increase in the population of the family Bacteroidaceae compared with dietary supplementation of palm oil, flaxseed/fish oil and high sucrose (P< 0·05). Ingestion of the HF-flaxseed/fish oil diet for 16 weeks led to significantly increased tissue concentrations of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA compared with ingestion of all the other diets (P< 0·05); furthermore, the diet significantly increased the intestinal population of Bifidobacterium at the genus level compared with the LF-high-maize starch diet (P< 0·05). These data indicate that both the quantity and quality of fat have an impact on host physiology with further downstream alterations to the intestinal microbiota population, with a HF diet supplemented with flaxseed/fish oil positively shaping the host microbial ecosystem.