High-lift Pump Research Articles

Novel dual synergistic sealing ring design for a high-pressure pump – Part II

As simple, small, low-friction and low-cost sealing elements, O-rings are widely used in various types of pumps. When a pump's inner pressure increases, the risk of O-ring failure rises concurrently. The numerical calculations discussed in this article have been done to analyse the mode and root cause of the failure of an O-ring that is installed in a high-lift pump. A novel, dual sealing-ring design is also described.

Novel dual synergistic sealing ring design for a high-pressure pump – Part I

As simple, small, low-friction and low-cost sealing elements, O-rings are widely used in various types of pumps. When a pump's inner pressure increases, the risk of O-ring failure rises concurrently. The numerical calculations discussed in this article have been done to analyse the mode and root cause of the failure of an O-ring that is installed in a high-lift pump. A novel dual-sealing ring design is also described. The first part of this article, which appears here, mainly describes the computational approach and failure cause analysis based on numerical results. The second instalment will be published in Sealing Technology, Issue 8, Volume 2022.

Vibration characteristics of pressure pipelines at pumping stations and optimized design for vibration attenuation

Abstract To explore the effects of different pressure pipeline layouts on pumping station pipeline vibration, this study establishes an ALGOR numerical model for pipeline flow considering fluid–structure interactions. A data acquisition and signal processing vibration test system is used to obtain vibration signals and verify simulation results including pipeline fluid velocity, fluid pressure, and transient stress. Based on the flow's vibration excitation characteristics, we consider structural vibration reduction technology and propose an optimized design scheme. As an example, we apply this approach to a pressure pipeline at the Ningxia Yanhuanding Pumping Station Project. Results show strong vibrations at the water inlet, the junction between the branch and main pipes, and the water outlet, with even stronger vibration at the inlet than at the outlet. In the optimized design scheme, adjusting the distance between the branch pipes only weakly reduces flow-generated pipeline vibration; increasing the pipe diameter and changing the main pipe's relative orientation show stronger effects. Vibration reduction is optimized for a main pipe dip angle of 2–5° relative to the branch pipes, simultaneously decreasing pumping station energy loss. These results provide a theoretical and practical basis for optimal design of pressure pipelines at high-lift pumping stations.

ELEMENT COMPOSITION COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC-SPARK COATINGS AND ELECTROSPARKSINTERED MATERIAL

One of the promising methods of powder obtaining practically from any conductive material, including hard alloy, characterized by relatively low energy costs and cleanliness of the process, is method electroerosion dispersion (EED). Currently there is no full information on initial composition, regimes and environment impact on the properties of disperse systems and recommendations on the effective technologies providing their sintering and hardening in the scientific and technical literature. Thus this prevents from the use of this method. For sintered parts hardening, it is helpful to use electric spark machining (ESM). ESM is technologically flexibilite, cheap and it helps to obtain coverings with a wide range of properties. However, in many cases the properties of electrospark coatings depend both on the composition, structure and properties of the electrode material, and on the properties of the substrate material. Complex theoretical and experimental studies are required to develop a complex technology for the production of disperse systems using electroerosion dispersion method and their hardening by electric spark machining, charecterised by good stress-related properties and performance. The purpose of this work is to research the elemental composition of electrospark coatings and electroerosion sintered substrates made of high-speed steel. When the experiments were set up, a metal powder was obtained from the waste of high-speed steel grade P6M5 when using a device for electroerosion dispersion of conductive materials. The resulting electroerosion powder consisted of particles of a spherical and elliptical shape measuring from 25 nm to 50 μm. The average particle size of the powder was 19.72 μm, and the specific surface area was 16725.95 cm2 / cm3. The electro-erosion powder was pressed by a hydrostatic method using an EPSI press. The powder was poured into a rubber hermetical mold then it was placed in a hydrostat working chamber where there was a liquid pressure of 300 MPa created by means of a high-lift pump. Nabertherm VHT 8/22 GR. Sintering was held in a vacuum at a temperature of 1050 ° C for 2 hours . Electrospark coatings on sintered sample material made from electroerrosion high-speed steel were produced using VK8 electrodes and UR-121 machine. Using EDAX energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer, built into QUANTA 200 3D scanning electron microscope, spectra of characteristic X-ray radiation were obtained at various points on the surface of the sample and along the cross-section. Based on the conducted studies it was established that the main elements in the electrospark coating are iron, molybdenum and tungsten, and sintering was held in a vacuum at a temperature of 1050 ° C for 2 hours . Electrospark coatings on sintered sample material made from electroerrosion high-speed steel were produced using VK8 electrodes and UR-121 machine. Using EDAX energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer, built into QUANTA 200 3D scanning electron microscope, spectra of characteristic X-ray radiation were obtained at various points on the surface of the sample and along the cross-section. Based on the conducted studies it was established that the main elements in the electrospark coating are iron, molybdenum and tungsten, and in the substrate only iron and molybdenum. the substrate only iron and molybdenum. Based on the conducted studies it was established that the main elements in the electrospark coating are iron, molybdenum and tungsten, and the main elements in the substrate are only iron and molybdenum.

Узел трения-скольжения головки шатуна плунжерного насоса высокого давления с применением самосмазывающегося подшипника из порошкового антифрикционного материала

Узел трения-скольжения головки шатуна плунжерного насоса высокого давления с применением самосмазывающегося подшипника из порошкового антифрикционного материала

Application Research on Testing Efficiency of Main Drainage Pump in Coal Mine Using Thermodynamic Theories

The efficiency of a drainage pump should be tested at regular intervals to master the status of the drainage pump in real time and thus achieve the goal of saving energy. The ultrasonic flowmeter method is traditionally used to measure the flow of the pump. But there are some defects in this kind of method of underground coal mine. This paper first introduces the principle of testing the main drainage pump efficiency in coal mine using thermodynamic theories, then analyzes the energy transformation during the process of draining water, and finally derives the calculation formulae of the pump efficiency, which meet the on-site precision of engineering. On the basis of analyzing the theories, the protective sleeve and the base of the temperature sensor are designed to measure the water temperature at inlet and outlet of the pump. The efficiencies of pumps with two specifications are measured, respectively, by using the thermodynamic method and ultrasonic flowmeter method. By contrast, the results show that thermodynamic method can satisfy the precision of the testing requirements accuracy for high-flow and high-lift drainage pump under normal temperatures. Moreover, some measures are summed up to improve the accuracy of testing the pump efficiency, which are of guiding significance for on-site testing of the main drainage pump efficiency in coal mine.

The Vibration Analysis of Pressure Pipelines in Model of Adding Water Mass

According to the safety problems of vibration in high-lift pumping station pressure pipeline, Proposed use the approach of additional water mass, It has established the numerical model of pumping station pressure pipeline based on fluid-structure interaction, To identify the different working conditions modal parameters of Jingtai irrigated area’s pressure pipeline in the stage 2#pump station and the deformation of displacement. To analyse the pressure pipelines of vibration. From the result of numerical simulation：Pressure pipeline is the most easy to stimulate the vibration at the inlet pipe and outlet pipe, in no.4 machine, the vibration amplitude of the High order modal mode of the vibration is bigger than low-order modal vibration mode. And increased along with the order, the outlet pipe which not easy to vibrate is gradually produce vibration deformation. But whether the machine feed line 8 open or not to the whole impact of pipeline vibration is not large. the results of numerical simulation analysis of finite element and the results measured by experiment are basically identical. So the quality model method of the additional water is simple in calculation, and the result is reliable, It has a certain advantage in the pressure pipe of pumping station of fluid-solid coupling simulation applications.

Load shifting aids energy saving: part 2

A South African initiative to encourage load shifting prompted an in-depth review of pumping processes at the Tugela paper mill's water supply plant. After a general overview of the project, the first part of this two-handed case study1 focused on the plant's high-lift pumping station. In this concluding part, Graeme Harding considers flow control, and assesses the transfer and low-lift pumping stages, and plant piping and instrumentation, before presenting the final solution.

Optimal Control of Water Supply Systems

An optimization model has been implemented for on-line control of water distribution systems. The control period may extend over several days. Control is exerted at hourly intervals. Discrete Dynamic Programming (DDP) is used as the optimization algorithm, an additional ARIMA module supplies hourly demand forecasts. Programming language is FORTRAN. The model determines minimal cost operating schedules based upon the most economical energy tarifs and optimal trade-offs between pumping and storage. An optional multiobjective approach includes the times of switching the high-lift pumps. The model was tested and verified for the city of Wolfsburg.

Introduction of dynamic braking systems for increasing the operating reliability of high-lift pump units

1. The use of dynamic braking on high-lift units with excitation of the synchronous motor from an electrical machine exciter considerably reduces the maximum reverse speed (1.5–1.7 times). Thyristor excitation with an AER by deflection of the stator voltage of the motor additionally reduces the reverse speed by 20% in comparison with electrical machine excitation. 2. The factors affecting braking effectiveness are the time of delivering the exciting voltage to the motor's rotor, duration and magnitude of the rotor's current, and magnitude of the Bethel resistors in the stator circuit. 3. Dynamic braking reduces the level of vibration of individual components of the unit by 2.5–4 times in comparison with the regime of stopping the unit in free running down, which substantially increases the operating reliability of the unit.

PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL AIRLIFT PUMPS

ABSTRACTBecause airlift pumps are used extensively in mariculture systems, reliable performance data are required for efficient system operation. This study was initiated when it was found that reliable performance data were not available in the literature for pumps of short length (under 3 m) and small diameter (2–8 cm). Data for so‐called high lift pumps are available but initial work showed that the extrapolation of this data to small airlift pumps gives unreliable results.The paper describes the experimental apparatus used to obtain flowrate data for the small airlift pump. These data are presented in tabular form for the benefit of the reader. Empirical equations using “best fit” correlations are also presented for convenience.The paper also presents data on the staging of an airlift pump. That is an airlift pump with a single air inlet but outlets at different vertical locations (stages) along the pump. One possible use for a staged pump is in an intensive culture system where the lower stage would provide flow circulation, while the upper stage would pump culture water from the tank for treatment. Results for a two‐stage pump are given and show that, in general, staging reduces pumping efficiency.The final topic deals with tuning the pump for maximum flowrate. It is well known that the optimum liquid flowrate occurs for a relatively small range of air flowrates. Driving the pump with air flowrates greater or less than this optimum flowrate will cause a significant decrease in performance. However, it is shown that the pulsatile nature of the outflow can be used to determine the optimum air flowrate. Experimental results confirm that the measured pulsing frequency correlates well with the maximum liquid flowrate.

Performance Characteristics of Air Lift Pumps of Short Length and Small Diameter

ABSTRACTPerformance data in the literature on air lift pumps have been based primarily on pumps of long length and large diameter (high lift pumps). Since mariculture operations involve pumps of relatively short length and small diameter, performance data are required for efficient operation.To provide such data, an experimental apparatus was designed and fabricated to test air lift pumps from 1.27 cm to 7.62 cm inside diameter and from 30 cm to 3.7 m in length. Instrumentation was provided to measure water flow rate and air flow rate as well as water temperature, air temperature, and pressure throughout the system.Results from this study correlate well with high lift pump data in that, for a given pump geometry, maximum water flow occurs for a specific air flow rate. Driving the pump with air flows larger or smaller than this optimum flow rate will decrease the pumping rate. The optimum flows are significantly different for low lift pumps compared to high lift pumps. However, the pumping rate for low lift pumps approaches that for high lift pumps with increasing length.

Selection of High‐Lift Pump Motors and Controls

Journal AWWAVolume 47, Issue 1 p. 39-48 Article Selection of High-Lift Pump Motors and Controls A. C. Michael, A. C. MichaelSearch for more papers by this authorG. I. Stormont, G. I. StormontSearch for more papers by this author A. C. Michael, A. C. MichaelSearch for more papers by this authorG. I. Stormont, G. I. StormontSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1955 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1955.tb16110.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume47, Issue1January 1955Pages 39-48 RelatedInformation

New Filtration Plant at Albany, New York

Previous to the construction of the new water supply for the City of Albany, the water supply had been obtained from the Hudson River. After filtration the water was pumped through low lift and high lift pumps. The low lift pumps discharged into Bleecker Reservoir at an elevation of 242 feet. The high lift pumps discharged into Prospect Reservoir at an elevation of 297 feet. The water from this higher reservoir and in the high level system did not furnish sufficient pressure to adequately serve the high level districts in the western part of the City, pressure being barely sufficient to deliver water to the second floor at the highest point. The new system, bringing water a distance of 20 miles from the Helderberg Mountains southwest of the City, was designed to deliver water by gravity into a new distribution reservoir at an elevation of 351 feet. The new system has therefore dispensed with all pumping and it will save the citizens of Albany, through operating and other costs, between three hundred and four hundred thousand dollars per year, with a water consumption of 20 million gallons per day. When this consumption is increased to 30 million gallons per day, the annual saving would be well over one-half million dollars per year.

The Probable Formation of Phenolic Compounds by a Chlorinated Water in Contact with a Coal Tar Paint

Hyattsville, Maryland, a suburb town near Washington, D. C, obtains its water supply from the northwest branch of the Anacostia River. Its water system is one of several in Maryland which are owned and operated by the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, an incorporated body, created by an act of the Maryland Legislature in 1918, to provide comprehensive water supply and sewerage facilities in the rapidly growing suburban towns contiguous to the District of Columbia, and within the limits of the State of Maryland. The water supply for Hyattsville, until October, 1920, was obtained from seven driven wells. As the supply was inadequate, the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, after taking control of the system in January, 1920, immediately began work on 1,000,000gallon rapid sand filtration plant, designed to serve the requirements of the immediate vicinity pending the construction of adequate works for the whole District. The plant was put into operation in October, 1921. The water treated at this plant is low in alkalinity and alum and soda ash are used in the treatment. The filtered water passes into a 100,000-gallon concrete reservoir which is built directly under the filtration plant, and is treated with liquid chlorine before leaving the plant. The chlorine is applied on the suction side of the high lift pumps, which force the water from the filtration plant into the distribution system and a 100,000-gallon elevated steel tank. During the early spring of 1921, it became necessary to clean and paint the tank. Under the control of the Hyattsville town authorities the tank had been given no attention, with the result that the plates had scaled badly. Although the tank was known to be in poor condition when the Commission assumed control of the water

Influence of Disk Friction on Turbine Pump Design

Abstract The mathematical survey of the problem leads to these conditions for a minimum loss through disk friction: a Smoothness (polish) of both disk and casing. Roughness of either is equally detrimental. b Smallest possible surface of both. Excessive extension of surface is equally detrimental whether it is the surface of the disk or of the casing. c Outward indication of attainment of minimum is the fact that the waste-water rotates half as fast as impeller. A gyrostatic pressure is generated by the rotation of the waste-water and added to static pressure prevailing at the center of the impeller. From the influence of the width of the impeller it follows that it is important to keep the thickness of metal at the periphery as small as possible. Protruding rims are objectionable. The influence of the ordinary roughness of non-machined castings has no perceptible effect on the efficiency except with high lift pumps. Painting or japanning the surfaces generally seems less desirable than machining them with a medium heavy cut. High polish seems wasted. The experiments verify conclusions of mathematical survey. The influence of viscosity is proportional to its fifth root; yet, it is responsible for an improvement in the efficiency of hot-water turbine pumps. The effect of pumping heavy oil and tarry liquid is estimated. The influence of fluid density is almost exactly proportional to the specific gravity. The loss through disk friction constitutes a constant percentage of the normal useful power at all speeds in one and the same pump. Generally its percentic value grows with the value of head per stagecapacity at constant speed, and diminishes with increasing speed and constant ratio head per stagecapacity. High heads are more economically produced by high speeds or a greater number of stages than by increasing the diameter of the impellers, but the number of stages should be left to the discretion of the makers, not fixed by specifications. A steep angle between impeller blades and the tangent at the periphery serves very considerably to improve the efficiency owing to indirect reduction in disk friction losses, especially in high lift pumps. The disk friction reaches a minimum for a certain width of the waste water chamber, which is about ⅜ in. for disks of 12 in. diameter. The increase with increasing width is due a To the increase in retarding surface. b To the induction of secondary or induced hydraulic currents. Concentric ribs are advantageous; radial ribs are detrimental. In single-stage pumps the rotation of the waste-water reduces the tendency for leakage by about 20 to 35 per cent. In multi-stage pumps the same influence may even increase the leakage. Inequality in shape or roughness of the waste-water chambers on both sides of the impellers produces a gyrostatic axial thrust due to disk friction which can assume very considerable values. The direction of this thrust is indicated by the rule: “The impeller is drawn to the side where the waste-water rotates fastest.”