High Levels Of Fiber Research Articles

Purified diets containing high levels of soluble fiber and grain-based diets promote similar gastrointestinal morphometry yet distinct microbial communities.

Dietary fibers are essential for maintaining gut health. Insoluble fibers aid in fecal bulking and water retention while soluble fiber is a fermentative substrate for intestinal microbial communities. Grain-based diets (GBDs) are commonly used in preclinical research but the variability in ingredients across batches impedes reproducibility. Purified diets (PDs), which are composed of highly refined ingredients, pose a potential solution but the most widely used low-fat control PDs contain no soluble fiber. This study intended to identify a PD with a combination of fibers that promotes murine gut health and microbial diversity. A PD with optimal fiber composition would aid in the standardization and reproducibility of studies investigating intestinal physiology and the gut microbiota.

A whole food, plant-based diet reduces amino acid levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Amino acids are critical to tumor survival. Tumors can acquire amino acids from the surrounding microenvironment, including the serum. Limiting dietary amino acids is suggested to influence their serum levels. Further, a plant-based diet is reported to contain fewer amino acids than an animal-based diet. Here, we investigated the impact of a whole food, plant-based diet on lowering the serum levels of amino acids in patients with cancer. Patients with metastatic breast cancer (n=18) were enrolled in clinical trial NCT03045289 . An ad libitum whole food, plant-based diet was implemented for 8 weeks without calorie or portion restriction. We found that a whole food, plant-based diet resulted in a lower intake of calories, fat, and amino acids and higher levels of fiber. Additionally, body weight, serum insulin, and IGF-1 were reduced in participants. The diet contained lower levels of essential and non-essential amino acids. Importantly, the lowered dietary intake of amino acids translated to reduced serum levels of amino acids in participants (5/9 essential amino acids; 4/11 non-essential amino acids). These findings provide a tractable approach to limiting amino acid levels in cancer patients. This data lays a foundation for studying the relationship between amino acids in patients and tumor progression. Further, a whole-food, plant-based diet has the potential to synergize with cancer therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Nutritional Profile, Cultivation Techniques, and Therapeutic Potential of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.)

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) has emerged as a globally significant fruit crop, valued for its distinctive appearance and nutritional profile. Native to Central America, this cactaceous vine has adapted to various tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The fruit's vibrant exterior houses a white or red pulp studded with numerous edible seeds. Cultivation techniques have evolved to optimize yield and quality, with vertical or horizontal support systems and specific nutrient management strategies being crucial for successful production. Dragon fruit propagation primarily relies on stem cuttings, which can bear fruit within 14-18 months under favorable conditions. The fruit's nutritional composition is noteworthy, containing high levels of antioxidants, vitamins (particularly vitamin C), minerals, and dietary fiber. These components contribute to its potential health benefits, including cholesterol reduction, improved digestion, and enhanced immune function. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated various biological activities of dragon fruit extracts, such as anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and anti-ulcer effects. These properties are attributed to bioactive compounds like betalains, phenolics, and flavonoids present in the fruit. Additionally, dragon fruit shows promise in managing chronic conditions like diabetes and obesity, potentially through its effects on blood glucose regulation and lipid metabolism

Responses of Jumbo Quail to a Diet Containing Corticated Marama Bean (Tylosema esculentum) Meal Pre-Treated with Fibrolytic Multi-Enzymes

The nutritional utility of leguminous products such as corticated marama bean (Tylosema esculentum) meal (CMBM) in quail diets is limited by high fibre levels. This study evaluated the impact of dietary CMBM pre-treated with fibrolytic multi-enzyme (FMENZ) on growth performance, and physiological and meat quality responses in Jumbo Coturnix quail. Two hundred and forty 7-day-old Jumbo quail (29.4 ± 2.72 g initial live weight) were randomly distributed to five experimental diets, with six replicate cages each (eight birds/cage). The diets were a grower diet without CMBM, and the same grower diet plus 100 g/kg CMBM pre-treated with 0, 1, 1.5, and 2% (v/w) FMENZ. Positive quadratic responses (p < 0.05) were recorded for overall feed intake and body weight gain in weeks 2 and 3. The control diet promoted the highest (p < 0.05) gain-to-feed ratio in weeks 2 and 3, and the best weight gains and glucose levels, but reduced lipase levels. Final body weights declined linearly [p = 0.037] with FMENZ levels. Breast pH increased linearly, while haemoglobin and 1 h post-mortem chroma showed positive quadratic effects (p < 0.05) with FMENZ levels. The use of the enzymes did not improve the feed value of CMBM in Jumbo quail diets.

Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Multielement, and Bioactive Phenolics Contents of Different Coix Seed Varieties using Multivariate Analysis Techniques

Coix lacryma-jobi L. is a plant that serves as a source of food, medicine, cosmetics, and forage in Asian countries. Due to the distinct geographic environments, Coix seed germplasm resources are extremely diverse. In this study, we evaluated the proximate composition, multi-elemental content by ICP-OES, and phenolic bioactives by UPLC-QTOF/MS of five varieties of Coix seeds from different Asian countries, including China, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to classify the different varieties of Coix seeds. The C. lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen seeds from Origin 1 (China) and Origin 2 (Thailand) contained high levels of energy, total fat, and calcium, while C. lacryma-jobi var. agrotis (Indonesia) and C. lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi (Malaysia) had high levels of crude fiber and carbohydrates. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were identified. Protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, magnesium, zinc, meliadanoside, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were the dominant variables and contributed the most to data variability in PCA. The HCA results were consistent with the PCA, classifying the samples into three groups: those rich in nutrients, those rich in phenolics, and those with a mixture of nutrients and phenolics. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the nutritional and bioactive composition of Coix seed varieties, with potential applications in nutrition, food science, and pharmaceuticals.

Characterization of Oils and Solid Residues Obtained from <i>Bauhinia variegata L.</i> and <i>Pachira glabra pasq.</i> Seeds Through the Solvent Extraction Method

Vegetable oils derived from non-edible seeds are excellent sources for producing biodiesel which serves as an alternative to fossil fuels. In this study, products viz vegetable oils and solid residues obtained from solvent extraction method of <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> and <i>Pachira glabra</i> seeds were characterized according to standard norms to evaluate their energy potential. The oils obtained have a free fatty acid content of 2.31 wt% and 13.6 wt%, a kinematic viscosity of 12.45 and 3.24 mm²/s, an iodine value of 17.26 and 12.37 (g of I<sub>2</sub>/100g of oil), a saponification value of 207.57 and 183.03 (mg of KOH/g of oil), a peroxide value of 10 and 8.06 (meq O<sub>2</sub>/kg of oil), and a calorific value of 40.66 and 65.08 MJ/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the physicochemical analysis of the oils revealed that they are excellent choice for biodiesel production. In addition, the proximate analysis of the solid residues of <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> and <i>Pachira glabra</i> showed high level of protein, fiber, and total carbohydrates with respective values of 34.79 and 30.41 wt%, 10.44 and 15.16 wt%, and 47.50 and 52.92 wt%. Mineral analysis indicated a high concentration of minerals, particularly potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus. The solid residues exhibit anti-nutritional properties, making it suitable for various applications such as bioconversion by black soldier fly larvae, bioelectricity, biogas production, and biofuels among others.

PSLBI-24 Optimizing crop byproduct inclusion in beef cattle diets: Utilization of wheat straw to improve operational economics and oilseed screenings as protein supplements

Abstract Inclusion of crop residues and byproducts in beef cattle diets has become a significant practice in beef cattle production as producers are faced with conventional feed shortages, increased prices, and disrupted supply chains. Wheat straw is a widely available crop byproduct in the western Canadian prairies whose inclusion in beef cattle diets has been prevented by its low nutritional content, necessitating supplementation strategies to enhance its nutritional value. The present study explored the effect of incorporating wheat straw in backgrounding cattle diets with canola or flax screening supplementation to improve the nutritional profile of the diet and determine the sustainability of such inclusion through cattle performance measurements. The experiment was a completely randomized design. Steers [n = 300; initial body weight (BW): 297 ± 18 kg] were randomly assigned to 5 treatment diets, each diet having 4 pen replicates (15 steers/pen); control (CTL), low straw canola (LSC), low straw flax (LSF), high straw canola (HSC) and high straw flax (HSF). The CTL diet was a conventional Western Canadian backgrounding diet (60% barley silage:40% dry rolled barley grain-based concentrate). Low straw diets had a 25% wheat straw inclusion and high straw diets had 50% wheat straw inclusion on a dry matter (DM) basis. Respective screenings were included at 12.50% inclusion of diet DM. The steers were fed for a total of 84 d divided into four periods of 21 d. Statistical analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with diet treatment included as a fixed effect and pen within diet as a random effect. Treatment means were compared using the LSMEANS statement adjusted for the Tukey-Kramer method. Final BW, total BW gain, average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed were greater (P < 0.001) for the CTL steers (Table 1). Dry matter intake (DMI) was greatest for CTL steers and decreased with increasing straw inclusion in the diet (P < 0.001). The type of screenings (canola or flax) did not affect (P > 0.05) steers final BW, total BW gain, ADG and gain:feed. Increasing the inclusion of wheat straw in backgrounding diets decreased growth performance parameters. The high level of neutral digestible fiber in wheat straw limited DMI and reduced growth performance compared with CTL steers. The addition of screenings to the diet provided protein content to offset the low nutritional value of the wheat straw; however, the different types of screenings did not result in a cattle performance advantage over the other. Although these findings demonstrate the challenges of including low nutritional crop byproducts, further research is needed to analyze the effects different diets have on operational economics, rumen fermentation parameters and greenhouse gas emissions to further outline any advantages or disadvantages.

Determination of proximate analysis of individual and combined samples of <i>Dioscorea alata</i>, <i>Musa parasidiaca</i> and <i>Xanthosoma sagittifolium</i> peels

This study investigates the proximate composition of yam (Dioscorea alata), cocoyam (Musa parasidiaca) and plantain (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) plant wastes, with a focus on evaluating the impact of the individual and combined plant wastes. Tubers of yam (Dioscorea alata), cocoyam (Musa parasidiaca) and plantain (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) used in this study were obtained from Obibi in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Yams are tubers, plantains are fruits, whereas cocoyam is derived from corms, underground stems, and swollen hypocotyls. All these crops can be propagated by vegetative parts and these include tubers (yams), sucker (Plantain) and side shoots, stolons, or corm heads (cocoyam). Peels from the yam tubers were obtained by using a kitchen knife to carefully remove the peels. The peels were then immediately oven dried at 45oC for 24 hours. The dried peels were then ground through a 40-mesh screen using a Wiley. Analyses conducted isproximate determination using AOAC method. The results highlight the high ash content of Yam and Cocoyam Peel, which contributes to mineral enrichment; the enhanced moisture content of Plantain Peel, which has implications for water retention; and the low fat and oil content of Cocoyam Peel, which suggests that it is appropriate for use as a low-fat organic material. Yam Peel has a high crude fiber level, which indicates that it has the capacity to improve the structure of the soil. On the other hand, Yam and Cocoyam Peel stand out because it has largest protein content, which is essential for the development of plants. Plantain and cocoyam peel have the largest carbohydrate content, making it an excellent source of energy for the bacteria and plants that live in the soil below it. These findings have practical implications for sustainable agriculture by optimizing crop yields in diverse agro ecosystems.

Upcycling of melon seed (Cucumis melo L.) oil processing by-product: evaluation of functional properties and nutritional components as novel ingredient

BackgroundDefatted melon seed, a major by-product from melon oil processing chain, is scarcely utilsed. However, it has high potential value and can be used as novel ingredient in food products production. In line with zero waste policy and food sustainability, exploring and utilisation of this oil processing by-product can reduce food waste, and is key to moving towards a more sustainable food system. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the nutritional profile and functional properties of three varieties of defatted melon seeds (Galia, Cantaloupe, and Honeydew), and then compare them with defatted pumpkin seeds (as control group).ResultsIn this study, three varieties of melon seeds (Galia, Cantaloupe, and Honeydew) and pumpkin seeds (as control group) were defatted using Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether; subsequently, their functional properties and nutritional components were assessed. The defatted melon seeds contained high level of protein (51.1–54.2%, w/w), dietary fibre (29.4–33.2%, w/w), potassium (1181.0–2373.1 mg/100 g), and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid, 1.4–4.3 mmol/kg), whereas in terms of anti-nutritional compounds, they contained a relatively high amount of phytic acid (5.0%—5.8%, w/w). They also exhibited good in water/oil absorption capacity and emulsifying capacity. The phenolics were mainly free phenolics (FP) fraction (75%–77%), followed by the conjugated phenolics (CP) fraction (15%–16%), and the bound phenolics (BP) fraction (about 8%); the antioxidant capacity of each fraction followed the same sequence (FP > CP > BP).ConclusionConsidering the nutritional composition, functional properties, and the presence of potentially bioactive compounds, defatted melon seeds have considerable potential to be used as a functional food ingredient for the reformulation of foods.Graphical

Proximate, Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Enriched Cake Produced from Wheat and Tiger Nut Flour Blends

Consumers’ attention is shifting towards dietary fiber as more information about its health benefits is unfolding. In Nigeria, owing to the high level of dietary fibre and other inherent nutrients of tigernut, it has been identified as one of the underutilized crops which could be incorporated into cake production. In this study, the effect of substituting tigernut flour for wheat flour on the proximate, physical and sensory properties of cake quality were evaluated. The proximate composition increased with increasing levels of tigernut flour. Crude fibre increased from 1.04 to 2.25%, ashfrom 2.03 to 3.22, crude fat from 4.17 to 7.21 and protein from 10.02-14.53% resulting in a nutritious cake. The physical properties of the cake from the composite flour blends were affected significantly (P ≤0.05) by tigernut substitution. The hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, weight and volume of cakes decreased with increasing tigernut level substitution. Suitable composite cakes which could reduce the incidence of protein-energy malnutrition can be made with up to 20% tigernut flour substitution.

Planetary Health Diet Compared to Dutch Dietary Guidelines: Nutritional Content and Adequacy.

In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a Planetary Health Diet (PHD) to address challenges toward sustainable and healthy diets. However, its suitability within the Dutch context and a comparison with the Dutch Dietary Guidelines (DDG) needs investigation. Our study aimed to compare the PHD with DDG in terms of food groups, servings, nutritional content, and adequacy in adults. We modeled two theoretical diets, the PHD (PHD-NL) and another based on the DDG (DDG-NL), using the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (FCS-2016) and Dutch Food Composition Database to calculate the nutritional content and compared it with the Dutch Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). The PHD included higher quantities of vegetables, fish, legumes, and nuts, while the DDG suggested more significant amounts of cereals, tubers, starchy vegetables, dairy, and red meat. We observed differences in macronutrient distribution; while both diets lacked sufficient vitamin D, calcium content was lower in the PHD-NL. The PHD-NL had higher levels of fiber, vegetable protein, unsaturated fats, and non-heme iron, while vitamins B2, B6, B12, and calcium were lower than the DDG-NL diet. The PHD-NL has nutritional adequacy in the Dutch context, except for vitamin D and calcium, although it is essential to be cautious with iron because of the bioavailability of non-heme iron in plant-based diets. These findings have implications for the adoption of a sustainable diet according to nutritional requirements, population health status, and sociocultural context, as well as compliance with specific dietary behaviors of populations.

Development and Characterization of Hybrid Meat Analogs from Whey Protein-Mushroom Composite Hydrogels.

There is a need to reduce the proportion of animal-derived food products in the human diet for sustainability and environmental reasons. However, it is also important that a transition away from animal-derived foods does not lead to any adverse nutritional effects. In this study, the potential of blending whey protein isolate (WPI) with either shiitake mushroom (SM) or oyster mushroom (OM) to create hybrid foods with enhanced nutritional and physicochemical properties was investigated. The impact of OM or SM addition on the formation, microstructure, and physicochemical attributes of heat-set whey protein gels was therefore examined. The mushroom powders were used because they have relatively high levels of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and dietary fibers, which may provide nutritional benefits, whereas the WPI was used to provide protein and good thermal gelation properties. A variety of analytical methods were used to characterize the structural and physicochemical properties of the WPI-mushroom hybrids, including confocal microscopy, particle electrophoresis, light scattering, proximate analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic shear rheology, textural profile analysis, and colorimetry. The charge on whey proteins and mushroom particles went from positive to negative when the pH was raised from 3 to 9, but whey protein had a higher isoelectric point and charge magnitude. OM slightly increased the thermal stability of WPI, but SM had little effect. Both mushroom types decreased the lightness and increased the brownness of the whey protein gels. The addition of the mushroom powders also decreased the hardness and Young's modulus of the whey protein gels, which may be because the mushroom particles acted as soft fillers. This study provides valuable insights into the formation of hybrid whey protein-mushroom products that have desirable physiochemical and nutritional attributes.

Dietary incorporation of brown seaweed spent oyster mushroom substrate alters growth performance, physiological responses and meat quality parameters in Boschveld roosters

Use of brown seaweed (Ecklonia maxima) as a nutraceutical source in indigenous chicken diets is limited by high dietary fibre levels. Inoculating seaweeds with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) spawn (OMS) could enhance the utility of the spent mushroom substrate (SMS). This study investigated the effect of feeding incremental levels of brown seaweed SMS on growth performance, physiological responses, and meat quality parameters in Boschveld roosters. A total of 324, 4-week-old Boschveld roosters were weighed and randomly allotted to 36 pens (9 birds per pen) to produce six replicates per dietary treatment. The diets were formulated as follows: a standard grower diet (CON); and CON containing 150 g/kg of brown seaweed inoculated with OMS at 0 (SMS0), 20 (SMS20), 30 (SMS30), 40 (SMS40) and 50% (SMS50). Birds fed diet CON had the least feed intake (p < 0.05) than all the other SMS treatment levels in weeks 7, 8, 12, 14 and 15. Diet SMS40 promoted higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) than CON in weeks 6, 7, 9 and 14. Gain-to-feed ratio linearly increased in weeks 7 [R2 = 0.288; p = 0.010], 11 [R2 = 0.581, p = 0.0001] and 14 [R2 = 0.389, p = 0.004], respectively. Quadratic responses (p < 0.05) were observed for BWG in week 5, white blood cells, heterophils, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, and relative spleen and large intestine weights as OMS levels increased. Linear increases were recorded for slaughter [R2 = 0.197, p = 0.017] and breast weights [R2 = 0.197, p = 0.020] as OMS levels increased. Diet SMS0 promoted higher (p < 0.05) relative caeca weights than the CON and SMS treatment groups. Neither quadratic nor linear responses (p > 0.05) were observed for breast meat quality parameters. In conclusion, feeding brown seaweed SMS improved growth performance and slaughter weight, altered some blood parameters and internal organs, without affecting breast meat quality of Boschveld roosters. Based on the quadratic response for BWG, the optimum OMS level was deduced at 20% in a brown seaweed-based Boschveld rooster diet.

Colonic Microbiota Improves Fiber Digestion Ability and Enhances Absorption of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Local Pigs of Hainan.

Compared to commercial breeds, Chinese local pig breeds have a greater ability to digest dietary fiber, which may be due to differences in intestinal microbiota. In this study, we fed Ding'an and DLY pigs high and low levels of dietary fiber, respectively, to investigate factors contributing to high dietary fiber adaption in Ding'an pigs. Twelve Ding'an pigs and DLY pigs were randomly divided into a 2 (diet) × 2 (breed) factorial experiment (n = 3). Compared with commercial pigs, Ding'an pigs have a stronger ability to digest dietary fiber. Prevotella was more prevalent in Ding'an pigs than in DLY pigs, which may be an important reason for the stronger ability of fiber degradation in Ding'an pigs. When the effects of feed and breed factors are considered, differences in abundance of 31 species and 14 species, respectively, may result in a greater ability of fiber degradation in Ding'an pigs. Among them, Prevotella. sp. CAG:520 may be a newly discovered bacterium related to fiber degradation, which positively correlated with many fiber-degrading bacteria (r > 0.7). We also found that the concentration of plant metabolites with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects was higher in the colonic chyme of Ding'an pigs after increasing the fiber content, which resulted in the downregulated expression of inflammatory factors in colonic mucosa. Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed a strong correlation between microbiota and the apparent digestibility of dietary fiber (r > 0.7). The mRNA expressions of SLC16A1, PYY, and GCG were significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of Ding'an pigs fed on high-fiber diets, which indicates that Ding'an pigs have an enhanced absorption of SCFAs. Our results suggested that an appropriate increase in dietary fiber content can reduce the inflammatory response and improve feed efficiency in Ding'an pigs, and differences in the intestinal microbial composition may be an important reason for the difference in the fiber degradation capacity between the two breeds of pigs.

Unleashing the potential of millets: a comprehensive review of its nutritional, therapeutic, and genomic attributes

Millets are cereal grains whose farming dates back thousands of years and have been farmed and consumed by a wide variety of cultures around the world. In recent times, there has been a growing interest in millets due to their medicinal characteristics and nutritional advantages. Millets have a substantial nutritional content and can provide a wide range of beneficial health effects. These foods have a relatively low glycemic index in addition to their high levels of dietary fiber, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. In this review, the most recent information regarding the potential effects of millets on the management of diabetes, the health of the heart, antioxidant activity, anti-cancer capacities, and other therapeutic benefits is investigated. In addition, the report provides an in-depth analysis of the current genome resources that are associated with millets, as well as a summary of the key genetic discoveries that have been made. The report also emphasizes the need for further research to maximize the potential of millets through the utilization of genetic resources and breeding techniques to develop high-nutrient-rich and climate-resilient varieties.

141 Determination of the optimum standardized ileal digestible lysine for nursery pigs fed high levels of dietary fiber

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys for nursery swine-fed high levels of dietary fiber. A total of 2,525 pigs [PIC 337 × 1050, initial body weight (BW) = 6.5 kg], placed in pens of 36 mixed-sex pigs, were used in a 42-d trial. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 14 replicates per treatment. Increasing dietary SID Lys concentrations of 1.14, 1.22, 1.30, 1.38, and 1.45% were obtained by blending the 1.14% and the 1.45% SID Lys diets via Big Dutchman DryExact Pro feeding system (Big Dutchman, Holland, MI). The different SID Lys levels were obtained by changing the inclusion rate of soybean meal, which ranged from 15 to 28%. The experimental diets contained sugar beet pulp and soy hulls, resulting in an NDF level of 10.5%. Experimental diets were fed for 17 d and followed by a common corn, soybean meal, and 10% DDGS diet with 1.30% SID Lys from d 17 to 42. Pigs were weighed on d 0, 17, and 42 to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F). From d 0 to 17, a quadratic (P &amp;lt; 0.05) improvement in ADG and ADFI was observed for pigs fed increasing SID Lys up to 1.38%, plateauing thereafter. Pigs fed increasing SID Lys had linearly (P = 0.001) improved G:F (Table 1). From d 17 to 42, there was no evidence (P &amp;gt; 0.10) for differences in ADG, yet ADFI increased linearly (P = 0.004) while G:F decreased linearly (P = 0.001) for pigs previously fed increasing concentrations of SID Lys. Overall (d 0 to 42) for pigs fed increasing SID Lys, ADG and ADFI increased quadratically (P &amp;lt; 0.05) up to 1.38% SID Lys, whereas G:F increased linearly (P = 0.001) up to 1.45% SID Lys. Mortality and removal rate was quadratically influenced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) by feeding increasing SID Lys. Our findings suggest feeding weaned pigs from d 0 to 17 a diet containing 1.38% SID Lys is optimal for growth performance while minimizing mortality and removal rate.

Nutritional profiles of Middle Eastern dishes and composition

The study examined 27 traditional Middle Eastern/Kuwaiti dishes, primarily meat, chicken, and fish-based, to assess their taste and nutritional content. The evaluation included protein, moisture, carbohydrates, ash, fat, energy, dietary fiber, 11 vitamins, 8 minerals, and 3 sugars. Certain dishes displayed high levels of protein, fat, energy, water, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber. For instance, Marag laham and Majbous dajaj stood out for their high protein, fat, and energy content. Additionally, Marag laham and Marag dajaj exhibited high water content of 63.55% and 69.42% respectively for the meat and chicken section, while Majbous laham and Majbous dajaj had elevated carbohydrate levels due to the rice (27.52%). Notably, Turkey and Arabic meat shawarma had the highest fat energy with Arabic meat shawerma energy calculated at 400.91 kcal due to its total fat content (31.74%). The study concludes that using standard recipes for common meals can facilitate the collection of global and regional food composition data, which can be integrated into global food composition databases for diverse ethnic communities. Overall, the research highlights the importance of considering both taste and nutrition when making food choices and supports making informed dietary decisions based on comprehensive nutritional information

PSV-15 Effect of functional amino acids and fiber on growth performance of post-weaning pigs

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of functional amino acids (FAA), including Met, Thr, and Trp with 1.4% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys on performance and the effect of high levels of fiber when high levels of FAA combined. A total of 216 pigs [21 d old; 6.46 ± 0.63 kg body weight (BW)] were allotted to one of 6 treatments with 3 pigs of single sex per pen, and 12 replicates/treatment. Treatments were: 1) Control basal diet (BD), 2) BD + 23% more Met+Cys (HMet), 3) BD + 22% more Thr (HThr), 4) BD + 20% more Trp (HTrp), 5) BD + 20% more Met, Thr, and Trp (HFAA, with 9% NDF and 4%ADF), 6) HFAA+ high fiber (27% NDF and 18% ADF in diet by adding soy hulls at expense of corn, HFAA+HF). The experiment lasted for 42 d and pigs were fed experimental diets for 21 d followed by a common diet for the last 21 d. Pigs fed HFAA+HF diet were initially fed HFAA diet for the first 8 d and followed by HFAA+HF diet for the next 13 d, and fed the common diet during the last 21 d. On d 0, 9, 21, and 42, BW and feed intake were recorded, and fecal scores (1 as normal to 4 as watery diarrhea) were assessed during the trial. Data were analyzed using the lme4 package of R 4.1.2, and the statistical models included the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of sex and BW block. Growth performance data were analyzed as single factor ANOVA, whereas stool quality was analyzed using ordinal model. Contrasts were used to test the effects of FAA (by comparing treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 to BD) and fiber (by comparing HFAA+HF to HFAA). Pigs fed HFAA had reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) from d 21 to 42 and tended (P &amp;lt; 0.10) to have reduced overall ADG compared with BD (Table 1). Increasing individual amino acids did not affect performance, with the exception that pigs fed HTrp tended (P &amp;lt; 0.10) to have increased gain to feed ratio (G:F) from d 21 to 42 compared with BD. Greater fiber content did not affect ADG or ADFI; however, it reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) G:F during the whole trial compared with HFAA. Treatment did not influence stool quality. In conclusion, combination of increased amounts of Met, Thr, and Trp with SID 1.4% Lys under non-disease challenged conditions resulted in a reduction of performance, but this was not the case with increased individual amino acids, and increased fiber content with increased FAA which reduced feed efficiency of pigs.

Formulation of Instant Multigrain Rice Enriched with High Levels of Dietary Fiber and Protein

In the modern era, the focus of food formulation lies in the creation of functional foods that not only fulfill sensory and physiological requirements but also offer adequate nutrition. The objective of this study was to develop instant multigrain rice with high levels of dietary fiber and protein and also to determine the best formulation. Therefore, a type of instant multigrain rice was developed, consisting of sorghum, red rice, corn, and edamame. Employing a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, the study tested five treatments with three repetitions using ANOVA. The treatments exhibited varied compositions: F1 formulation, consisting of 40% sorghum, 10% red rice, 40% corn, and 10% edamame; F2 formulation consisting of 40% sorghum, 10% red rice, 10% corn, and 40% edamame; F3 formulation consisting of 25% sorghum, 25% red rice, 25% corn, and 25% edamame; F4 formulation consisting of 10% sorghum, 40% red rice, 40% corn, and 10% edamame; and F5 formulation consisting of 10% sorghum, 40% red rice, 10% corn, and 40% edamame. The findings suggested that the best formulation was F2 (40% sorghum, 10% red rice, 10% corn, 40% edamame), showcasing a water content of 11.88 ± 0.07%, protein content of 22.11 ± 0.12%, fat content of 11.00 ± 0.06%, dietary fiber of 12.47 ± 0.14%, and sensory attributes of aroma, color, taste, and texture falling within the range of slightly favorable to favorable.

Development and Evaluation of Value-Added Cheese Spread using Red Cabbage Microgreens and Flaxseeds

Abstract: Microgreens, the young seedlings of vegetables and herbs, are gaining popularity for their distinct flavors , superior nutritional content and positive impact on gut health. Red cabbage microgreens (RCMG) stand out with remarkable vitamin C (147mg/100g) and other antioxidant rich phytochemicals content. Flax seeds (FS), known for their versatility in food offer cardiovascular benefits with high levels of alpha-linolenic acid and dietary fiber. This study aimed to develop value-added cheese spread using RCMG and FS, employing pre-preparation treatments like blanching and roasting. Three variations (V1, V2, V3) with varying RCMG and FS compositions were developed and evaluated. Commercially available cheese spread was used as the control (basic). Sensory evaluation, conducted by 46 semi-trained panelists using a 9-point Hedonic rating scale, revealed V1 (RCMG-30%, FS-6%) as the most accepted variation with good spreadability compared to the basic cheese spread. Value-added cheese spread showed no signs of spoilage in 30 days shelf life check under refrigeration. This study indicates the successful incorporation of Red Cabbage microgreens and Flaxseeds into the cheese spread with good sensory acceptability.