High Level Of Expectation Research Articles

War in Ukraine and the International Court of Justice: Provisional Measures and the Third-Party Right to Intervene in Proceedings

Abstract At the time of writing, the war in Ukraine was the subject of ICJ proceedings in the Allegations of Genocide case. As the case title suggests, however, the key issue before the ICJ is not Russia’s use of force, but the question of genocide. Restrictions on its jurisdiction have led to the ICJ facing a serious dilemma between, on the one hand, having to meet unprecedented high levels of expectation and political pressure to stop Russia’s military action and, on the other, inherent legal constraints in maintaining its judicial character. This article elucidates how the ICJ has overcome procedural hurdles, including the requirements for provisional measures and intervention, to reach conclusions in favour of Ukraine. It also highlights the procedural challenges arising from the acrobatic reasoning adopted by the ICJ in the present case.

Mapping the development of hydrogen-based technologies (HBTs) through patent analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to map the evolution of hydrogen-based technologies (HBTs) by examining the patenting activity associated to these technlogies from 1930 to 2020. In doing so, the study provides a novel perspective on the development of HBTs and offers implications for managers and policymakers.Design/methodology/approachWe collected patent data at the level of patent families (PFs). Our sample includes 317,089 PFs related to hydrogen production and 62,496 PFs to hydrogen storage. We examined PF data to delineate the state of the art and major technical advancements of HBTs.FindingsOur analysis provides evidence of an increasing patenting activity in the area of HBTs, hence suggesting relatively high levels of expectations on the economic potential of these technologies. US and Japan hold the largest proportion of PFs related to HBTs (about 60%), while European applicants hold the highest proportion of highly cited PFs (about 60%). While firms represent the applicant with the highest share of PFs, our analysis reveals that firms holding HBT PFs are primarily from the chemical sector.Research limitations/implicationsWhile our analysis is limited to examining patent data which capture some aspects of the innovation activity around HBTs (namelly, patented inventions), our study enriches existing literature by performinng a patent analysis on a much larger sample of data when compared to previous studies.Practical implicationsTwo main implications emerge from our study. Firstly, there seems to be an urgent need to support the emergence of a dominant design so as to facilitate the consolidation and diffusion of the HBTs, hence the transition to a more sustainable energy production. Secondly, the majority of HBT PFs are held by a small number of countries. This, in turn, suggests opportunities to develop cross-country cooperation (e.g. international agreements, research and technology offices) to support the development and adoption of HBTs globally.Social implicationsConsidering the results obtained in this study, from a social point of view, the attention that organizations have paid to hydrogen related technologies is evident. This suggests that the development HBTs can function as a social enabler for a sustianable energy transition.Originality/valueExtant research has focused on the individual components of the hydrogen chain. As a result, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the progress made in the area of HBTs. To address this gap, this study examined HBTs by focusing on both production and storage technologies since their initial developments, hence adopting an observation period of about 70 years.

Perception, attitudes and expectations among people toward emergency medical services system in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

The emergency medical service system is a pre-hospital medical service that effectively helps reduce the severity of emergencies and mortality rates before transferring patients to the hospital. This cross-sectional study investigated people's perceptions, attitudes, and expectations toward the emergency medical services system and aimed to find the relationship between the perceptions, attitudes, and expectations toward the emergency medical services system in Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. The samples consisted of 491 individuals who were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using linear regression analysis to identify correlations. Results revealed that most participants demonstrated a good overall perception of the use of the emergency medical service system (M = 2.46, SD = 0.27), a good attitude towards the emergency medical service system (M = 2.40, SD = 0.23), and a high level of expectation towards the emergency medical service system (M = 2.85, SD = 0.25). Perception of the use of emergency medical services and attitude towards the emergency medical service system showed positive correlation with expectation towards the emergency medical service system, with R2 = 0.23 (p-value < 0.05). These findings can be used to plan and develop strategies for improving the utilization of emergency medical services, ensuring that the public is informed, understands, and accesses the emergency medical service system correctly and effectively.

A Comparative Analysis of EEG-based Stress Detection Utilizing Machine Learning and Deep Learning Classifiers with a Critical Literature Review

Background: Mental stress is considered to be a major contributor to different psychological and physical diseases. Different socio-economic issues, competition in the workplace and amongst the students, and a high level of expectations are the major causes of stress. This in turn transforms into several diseases and may extend to dangerous stages if not treated properly and timely, causing the situations such as depression, heart attack, and suicide. This stress is considered to be a very serious health abnormality. Stress is to be recognized and managed before it ruins the health of a person. This has motivated the researchers to explore the techniques for stress detection. Advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques are to be investigated for stress detection. 
 Methodology: A survey of different techniques used for stress detection is done here. Different stages of detection including pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification are explored and critically reviewed. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the main parameter considered in this study for stress detection. After reviewing the state-of-the-art methods for stress detection, a typical methodology is implemented, where feature extraction is done by using principal component analysis (PCA), ICA, and discrete cosine transform. After the feature extraction, some state-of-art machine learning classifiers are employed for classification including support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), NB, and CT. In addition to these classifiers, a typical deep-learning classifier is also utilized for detection purposes. The dataset used for the study is the Database for Emotion Analysis using Physiological Signals (DEAP) dataset.
 Results: Different performance measures are considered including precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy. PCA with KNN, CT, SVM and NB have given accuracies of 65.7534%, 58.9041%, 61.6438%, and 57.5342% respectively. With ICA as feature extractor accuracies obtained are 58.9041%, 61.64384%, 57.5342%, and 54.79452% for the classifiers KNN, CT, SVM, and NB respectively. DCT is also considered a feature extractor with classical machine learning algorithms giving the accuracies of 56.16438%, 50.6849%, 54.7945%, and 45.2055% for the classifiers KNN, CT, SVM, and NB respectively. A conventional DCNN classification is performed given an accuracy of 76% and precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.66, 0.77, and 0.64 respectively.
 Conclusion: For EEG-based stress detection, different state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning methods are used along with different feature extractors such as PCA, ICA, and DCT. Results show that the deep learning classifier gives an overall accuracy of 76%, which is a significant improvement over classical machine learning techniques with the accuracies as PCA+ KNN (65.75%), DCT+KNN (56.16%), and ICA+CT (61.64%).

Exploring expectations of Chinese patients for total knee arthroplasty: once the medicine is taken, the symptoms vanish

BackgroundPreoperative expectations of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes are important determinants of patient satisfaction. However, expectations of patients in different countries are affected by cultural background. The general goal of this study was to describe Chinese TKA patients’ expectations.MethodsPatients scheduled for TKA were recruited in a quantitative study(n = 198). The Hospital for Special Surgery Total Knee Replacement Expectations Survey Questionnaire was used for survey TKA patients’ expectations. Descriptive phenomenological design was used for the qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 TKA patients. Colaizzi’s method was used for interview data analysis.ResultsThe mean expectation score of Chinese TKA patients was 89.17 points. The 4 highest score items were walk short distance, remove the need for walker, relieve pain and make knee or leg straight. The 2 lowest score items were employed for monetary reimbursement and sexual activity. Five main themes and 12 sub-themes emerged from the interview data, including multiple factors raised expectations, expectations of physical comfort, expect various activities back to normal, hope for a long joint lifespan, and expect a better mood.ConclusionsChinese TKA patients reported a relatively high level of expectations, and differences across cultures result in different expectation points than other national populations, requiring adjustment of items when using assessment tools across cultures. Strategies for expectation management should be further developed.Level of evidenceLevel IV.

PROMs in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparison between Robotic Mako Assisted Versus Manual Technique

Study Purpose: The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate the degree of satisfaction and improvement in quality of life through PROMs (Patient Related Outcome Measures), which were administered to patients who underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) by robotic-arm assisted technique (RIO®, MAKO Surgical Corporation). These data were then compared to a sample of patients operated on by standard manual technique. Both groups were operated on by the same surgical team, in the same hospital, and were subjected to the same recommendation and rehabilitation protocols. Surgeries were performed from November 2017 to March 2019 at a hospital in Asl Toscana Sudest. Endpoint of our study is to verify the rate of improvement – which is assumed to be stable one year after surgery – and how the satisfaction rate increases over time. Another aim is to determine – through the use of Forgotten Joint Score questionnaires and the satisfaction scale – whether there is a difference between arthroplasty operated on by standard manual technique vs robotic-assisted method one year after surgery. Method: Patients who undergone robotic-assisted surgery were evaluated before surgery, at discharge, 1, 4 and 12 months after surgery. 70 robotic-assisted THA patients were studied for a whole year, while 31 standard-technique THA patients were evaluated only 12 months after surgery. PROMs post-surgical evaluations occurred during follow-up visits by orthopedists and physiotherapists. Harris Hip Score (HHs), Oxford Hip score (OHS), EQol VAS (Dimension Visual Analogue Scale), LiKert satisfaction scales were used. Likert scale was administered only 4 and 12 months after (no significant results before this time). The Forgotten Joint Scale (FJS) and the satisfaction scale were administered 1 year after surgery both in robotic-assisted and standard manual THA patients (70 robotic-assisted THA vs 31 standard THA). They were operated on in the same period by the same surgical team, with the presence of a senior surgeon, and were subjected to the same rehabilitation protocols by the same team of physiotherapists.Results: 70 robotic-assisted THA were analyzed (30 l, 40r), with a mean age of 63, 76 years. The average hospital stay in acute care settings was 3.07 days. 40 patients then continued in the rehabilitation department after discharge for further 2.98 days. HHs scale gave a value of 54, 94±14, 71 before surgery and 98, 63±2, 54 one year after surgery. OHS scale reported a value of 21, 27±9, 24 before surgery and 47±2, 06 one year after surgery. The EqolVas scale had a value of 56, 23±20, 04 before surgery and 81, 25±15, 84 one year after. 4 months after surgery, the satisfaction rate was 4, 67±0, 61 and 12 months later was 4, 77±0, 54. The FJS scale in 70 robotic-operated patients had a value of 86, 24±21, 1 and it has been compared to a group of 31 standard-operated patients, whose values were 87, 02±16, 57 and P=0,86. 12 months after surgery, the satisfaction rate for robotic-operated patients was 4, 77±0, 54 and 4, 47±0, 83 and P<0, 05 for standard-operated patients, thus statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients undergoing hip arthroplasty surgery all have a high level of expectations and clinical outcomes are very satisfactory, while knee replacements have more limitations and less appreciable results. Some studies regarding THA report more favorable short-to-medium-term outcomes, fewer transfusions, and fewer days of hospital stay by the use of the roboticassisted technique, when compared to the standard manual surgery. Differences in function and quality of life after 1 year from the two types of surgery tend to decrease, although in our study the satisfaction rate of the robotic-assisted surgeries was statistically significant compared to the standard manual technique. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the rate of functional improvement, well-being, satisfaction and quality of life increases over time after surgery. At the first year of follow-up, no statistically significant differences are shown between the robotic-assisted and standard sample concerning the FJS scale.

Performance appraisal of factors contributing to the development of aquaculture

Recent declining trends in landings from capture fisheries and increasing population has raised serious concerns about the food and nutritional security of millions of people. Aquaculture is thus seen as a viable alternative to fill the gap in supply of fish. Extension services in aquaculture provide adequate support in furthering the development of the sector. The current study focuses on identification of key factors for the development of aquaculture sector in Kerala, India. A questionnaire based survey was carried out among 550 randomly selected respondents of five selected districts of Kerala, India. The respondents composed of beneficiaries of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), staff of the Department of Fisheries (DoF), ATMA Governing Board (GB) members and ATMA Management Committee (MC) members. The major aquaculture development indicators closely associated with extension services were identified. The major indicators included extension contact, information acquisition, information dissemination, ATMA activities and expectations. Similarly sub indicators were identified and were used for the formulation of the performance evaluation matrix. Farmers’ score for extension contact (24.54%), farm information acquisition (49.23%) and expectation score (71.39%) indicated enough scope for improvement which implied lack of sufficient contact with resource persons, improper mechanism of obtaining information and high expectation from the extension service providers. Officials’ score on extension contact (36%), farm information dissemination score (49%) and expectation (53%) indicated low contact with the farmers, moderate information dissemination and fairly high level of expectation in providing efficient extension services to farmers. Officials’ score on farm information acquisition (62.5%) and ATMA activities (57.46%) showed that they need to vigorously conduct extension activities and acquire farm related information from traditional and modern mass media sources. The scores obtained for key performance appraisal indicators reflected scope for improvement in terms of the selected indicators. The findings could be utilised for developing improved policy measures for strengthening aquaculture extension system that could lead to a boom in aquaculture development.

Will This Treatment Help My Child?: How Parent/Caregiver Treatment Expectations Relate to Intensive Pain Rehabilitation Outcomes for Youth With Chronic Pain.

An extensive body of research has highlighted the impact that parent/caregiver factors have on functioning and treatment outcomes among youth with chronic pain. However, parent/caregiver expectations in pain treatment have been largely understudied, despite strong evidence that treatment expectations are associated with treatment engagement and overall outcomes in nonpain populations. Accordingly, the primary aim of this investigation was to preliminarily examine the manifestation and measurement of parent/caregiver treatment expectations in an intensive interdisciplinary pediatric pain treatment (IIPT) setting. Participants in this study (N=328) included children and adolescents who attended an IIPT program for chronic pain between August 2013 and March 2020 and their parent/caregiver(s). Outcomes examined include parent/caregiver self-report of treatment expectations for their child upon admission to the IIPT in addition to pain-related and psychosocial factors at admission and discharge. Findings revealed a high level of expectations (ie, belief that the treatment will be helpful) on average, with higher parent/caregiver expectations associated with poorer functioning at admission to and discharge from the IIPT program. Extremely high treatment expectations among parents of more disabled youth may be indicative of unrealistic hopes or the "need" for IIPT to help their child; tempering parental expectations with psychoeducation about IIPT goals and realistic outcomes may indirectly improve treatment outcomes for their children. Future research should examine the potentially unique and important role that treatment expectations, of both parent/caregivers and their children, may have in overall IIPT outcomes.

The conflict potential of youth representations and expectations: opportunities for institutional reformatting

The article deals with the problems of managing the conflict potential of the ideas and expectations of young people using the institutional practices of youth policy at the regional level. As a theoretical framework for the study, the concept of conflict regulation with the participation of young people proposed by Yu. A. Zubok based on integrative and differentiating approaches is used. The empirical base of the study was the data obtained from the analysis of materials from fourteen focus group interviews and twelve expert sessions held on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory in June-July 2021. The study made it possible to identify four groups of young people with different behavior patterns in conflicts (differential-negative, differential -positive, integrative-conformal, intergative-innovative). A significant size of the group with an integrative-conformal model of behavior was revealed, which is not typical for the youth environment, as well as the threat of a group with a differential-positive model of behavior moving to practices characteristic of a differential-negative model. The presence of a number of factors, both situational (restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic) and long-term ones (the presence of significant differences in the ideas and expectations of young people with common practices in the implementation of youth policy, a high level of expectations of assistance from the state), has been determined. Based on the conclusions made, recommendations are formulated for the institutional design of youth policy, which would allow reformatting the conflict potential of the ideas and expectations of young people on a constructive basis.

Expectation of Rejection and Its Association with Health Care Avoidance and Delay Among 2175 Korean Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: The study examined an association between expectation of rejection and health care avoidance and delay (HAD) among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in South Korea. Methods: We analyzed data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 2175 South Korean LGB adults, which was approved by the Korea University Institutional Review Board. We categorized expectation of rejection into tertiles ("low," "medium," and "high" levels) and investigated its association with past 12-month HAD using multivariate modified Poisson regression. Results: After adjusting for covariates, including experiences of discrimination, participants with high levels of expectation of rejection had 1.38-times (95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.65) higher prevalence of HAD compared with those with low levels. Conclusion: Living in anticipation of rejection can negatively impact LGB adults' health care utilization.

The role of individual and parental expectations in student-athletes’ career adaptability profiles

ObjectivesTo support holistic development, adolescent student-athletes are encouraged to integrate sport with education/academics (i.e., dual careers). Career adaptability, as a psychological resource, may help youth athletes cope with transitions and successfully manage their careers. Individuals with a plan and higher expectations for the future demonstrate higher career adaptability and are better prepared for the future. In the present study, we examined what kinds of distinct career adaptability profiles could be identified among youth athletes in Finland at the transition stage to a sports high school (i.e., specialized school for athletes). Moreover, we investigated whether youth athletes’ success expectations about school and sport, and corresponding parental expectations, predicted the probability of student-athletes demonstrating a certain career adaptability profile. Next, we examined how gender was represented in the different profiles. Design and methods: The present study is part of the Longitudinal Finnish Dual Career study. A total of 391 student-athletes (51% females) from six sports high schools in Finland, and 448 parents (42% fathers) participated in the study. The student-athletes answered questionnaires on career adaptability (Career Adapt-Abilities Scale – Dual Career Form) and success expectations at the beginning and then again at the end of the first year of sports high school. At the beginning of sports high school, parents responded to a questionnaire about their expectations of success for their children in both academics and in sport. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and latent profile analysis. Results: Five distinct adaptability profiles across time were identified: stable, very low adaptability, stable low adaptability, stable moderate adaptability, stable high adaptability, and increased adaptability. Student-athletes’ high success expectations in academics and sport, and mothers’ high success expectations in academics, increased the probability of student-athletes showing higher adaptability profiles. Conclusions: The student-athletes’ high level of expectations for both sport and academics are associated with career adaptability, and mothers’ high expectations of student-athletes’ academic success relate to higher career adaptability profiles among student-athletes and can thus be considered an important factor in supporting their dual careers.

"iFightDepression" in inpatient treatment : Evaluation of aweb-based, therapist-guided self-management program on aspecialized ward for affective disorders

HintergrundE‑Mental-Health (EMH) spielt im ambulanten Versorgungssetting depressiver Störungen zunehmend eine Rolle. Ziel dieser Studie war die Implementierung und Evaluierung der Anwendbarkeit und des Nutzens des onlinebasierten Selbstmanagementprogramms „iFightDepression“ (iFD) als Zusatzangebot im Rahmen einer leitliniengerechten Behandlung auf einer Spezialstation für affektive Störungen.MethodikEs wurden insgesamt 78 stationäre PatientInnen mit einer unipolaren Depression unterschiedlichen Schweregrades (ICD-10 F32.0‑3, F33.0-3) oder einer Dysthymie (F34) rekrutiert. Die Interventionsdauer mit dem iFD-Tool belief sich vom Zeitpunkt der stationären Aufnahme bis zur Entlassung und wurde vom Stationspersonal begleitet. Die Erhebung der Symptomschwere sowie von Parametern zur Behandlungserwartung und Therapievorerfahrung erfolgte online vor der Intervention (T0), die Interventionszufriedenheit wurde unmittelbar vor der stationären Entlassung (T1) mittels eines Paper-pencil-Fragebogens erfasst.ErgebnisseVon den 78 Teilnehmenden loggten sich 42 mindestens einmal in das iFD-Tool ein. Es zeigten sich moderat hohe Erwartungswerte sowie leicht überdurchschnittliche Zufriedenheitswerte bezüglich der Behandlung. 67 % der aktiven NutzerInnen gaben an, das iFD-Tool poststationär weiter nutzen zu wollen. Wesentliche Gründe gegen die Nutzung waren eine kurze Aufenthaltsdauer, eine schwere depressive Symptomatik und fehlende Medienkompetenz.DiskussionEine Implementierung des iFD-Tools im stationären Setting ist prinzipiell machbar und führte zu positiven Rückmeldungen seitens der NutzerInnen. Auch konnten sich die meisten aktiv an der Studie Teilnehmenden eine weitere Nutzung des iFD-Tools nach der Entlassung gut vorstellen. Allerdings weisen die insgesamt geringen Nutzungs- (42/78, 54 %) und Komplettierungsraten auf Nutzungsbarrieren hin, deren Überwindung entsprechende Anpassungen der Intervention speziell für den stationären Einsatz erforderlich machen.

Sociological analysis of doctor–patient relationships in the healthcare system of the Republic of Belarus on the eve of the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: One of the most relevant areas of research in the sociology of medicine is the study of the problems of the quality of medical care, the development of approaches and criteria for assessing it at the current stage of development, institutional changes in medicine, the perception of transformational changes in the social institute of medicine by the population. The cornerstone of the health system is the subject relationship in the context of the doctor-patient bond. The determinicity of these interactions by the deontological principles of medicine determines the high level of expectations of patients regarding the personality of the doctor, which, in turn, affects the characteristics of the social status and the spectrum of social roles of medical workers. Despite objective changes in social interactions due to the departure from the paternalistic approach of modern medicine and the strengthening of patient autonomy trends regarding his life and health, the basis for the sustainability of the health system as a social institution remains the patients trust in the doctor, on the one hand, and the high level of professional motivation of medical workers on the other. This becomes the key to the effectiveness of the system, its flexibility and effective opposition to modern challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
 AIM: To study the attitudes and expectations of patients and health professionals regarding aspects of the image, openness and responsiveness of the health system, the risks of its commercialization and compliance with the needs of patients, as well as the peculiarity of motivation of medical workers, conflicts and professional errors, and based on the survey data, to characterize and compare the attitude of patients and health system managers to interaction in the combination of medical worker patient.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sociological study was implemented in 2019 on the basis of a republican sample of patients (n=800) and a representative sample of health managers of the Grodno region of the Republic of Belarus (n=143). For statistical data analysis, the methods of non-parametric statistics of Statistica 10.0 were applied: estimating intergroup differences by calculating the Kruskal-Wallis test, establishing relationships through correlation analysis with calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient.
 RESULTS: The majority (54,3% of patients surveyed) claim that the main factor affecting their attitude and image of institutions and health workers is the reputation of the institutions employees and their clinical experience, in second place in terms of response rates 35,3% the appearance of buildings, equipment of departments and offices, corridors; the third place (28,9%) was taken by the answer preventive work with the population. Managers call the defining motives in the activities of medical workers: professional interest (70,3%), the opportunity to earn money for a living (52,1%), compassion and assistance to the patient (41,3%).
 The results of the study indicate that there are no direct causes and manifestations of conflict situations in the doctorpatient communications.
 In the situation of medical errors, 51,3% of respondents consider the most common subjective errors of the doctor, 22,3% medical. Managers more regard the medical errors encountered as organizational (31,2%) or purely deontological (31,2%). Thus, the majority of managers (62,2%) associate professional deontological errors of medical workers with errors in the behavior of a doctor with patients and relatives of patients. There is a relationship between the level of the leader and the frequency of qualification of professional error as an objective error (r=-0.28; p0.05): the higher the position the leader occupies, the more often he notes precisely objective errors and tends to respond adequately to them.
 Despite the fact that in order to be able to pay for paid medical services, 34,4% of patients are forced to reduce other costs, one in three patients (about 32%) considers additional remuneration to the medical worker directly from patients and their relatives, which is manifested by the so-called corruption environmental pressure however, the vast majority of health managers categorically do not allow such situations.
 CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed that patient attitudes reflect the commercialization of social interactions in the doctor-patient system and create conditions for corrupt environmental pressure, but despite this, relations generally unconditionally maintain a humanistic orientation and priority motive in the form of compassion and patient assistance. Most patients note trust in doctors, two-thirds have never clashed with healthcare professionals, the main image factor is the reputation of the institutions employees and their clinical experience. It was also revealed that the degree of professionalism has a direct impact on the perception of medical errors: for example, patients are much more likely to interpret any incomprehensible situation as a mistake, and health managers, on the contrary, regard the errors encountered more as organizational or deontological, and there is a positive correlation between the level of the leader and the frequency of qualification of professional error as an objective error.

Sartorial Appearance Management Strategies of Creative Professional Women over Age 50 in the Fashion Industry

Women in the United States are often subjected to unrealistic standards of ideal appearance. These ideals are even more extreme in the fashion industry. Because professional women who hold creative positions in the fashion industry are in the business of creating style and beauty, there is a high level of expectation toward them to maintain their dress and appearance at a not explicitly stated, but anticipated, and often unrealistic standard. In this study, creative positions refer to design, color and trend forecasting, product development and merchandising related jobs. Older women working in these areas are in a double bind because when one is responsible for creating consumer products for the fashion industry, the perceptions of one’s appearance become part of one’s professional expectations, reflecting one’s esthetic values and creative capital. This qualitative study explores the complexity of age, dress, experience, and consumption needs of this professional cohort in today’s visual and youth-centric culture that pervades the fashion industry. The study addresses social and cultural views on fashion as it relates to the ageing body and self-image by analyzing the relationship between women’s personal style and the industry’s expectations for their workplace appearance.

Satisfaction on Hospital Services in Dhaka Among Heart Disease Patients: A SERVQUAL Modeling Approach

Now-a-days, patients’ voice regarding the delivery of health care services is a burning question in the developing countries. It is thought that patients’ perceptions towards health services are mostly ignored in these countries by the health service providers. This study, therefore, seeks the service quality factors which are essential to the patients. A field survey was made in this purpose on the heart disease patients in Dhaka city as this disease is very common in Bangladesh. SERVQUAL modeling approach and principal component analysis were considered to make evaluation over hospital facilities and found, overall, dissatisfaction of the patients. The SERVQUAL model is used to assess patients’ expectations and perceptions regarding service quality in hospitals. Both expectations and perceptions are measured using a 5-point scale to rate their level of agreement or disagreement (1: strongly disagree and 5: strongly agree), on which the higher numbers indicate higher level of expectation or perceptions. Perceptions are based on the actual service they receive in hospitals are based on experiences and information received about hospital stuffs, doctors or overall hospital maintenance system. Service quality scores are obtained from the difference between the expectation and perception scores which range from -4 to +4 (-4: very dissatisfied, +4: very satisfied). The quality score measures the service gap, that is, the degree to which the expectations excels perceptions. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to find out significant covariates for occurring heart disease. Also, a Poisson regression model was performed for detecting potential covariates that affect number of hospital visit (s) per year of the heart disease patients. The study found ultimate dissatisfaction of the patients which brings the thought that a powerful managerial orientation might be launched in the hospitals to ensure quality services.

Parents' Perspectives on Cochlear Implantation Results for Deaf Children or Children With Hearing Loss in Saudi Arabia.

The purpose of the research was to understand the quality of life of children from Saudi Arabia with cochlear implants (CIs) from the parental perspective in terms of communication abilities, social skills, academic achievement, being well adapted for future life, rehabilitation knowledge, and stress due to hearing loss. A quantitative approach was used, in which a questionnaire was administered to 103 children with CIs. The results showed high levels of expectations with respect to communication abilities, social skills, academic achievement, being well adapted for future life, and rehabilitation knowledge. The parents were observed to be highly stressed by their children's disability. Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis were used to test the association of the characteristics of the implanted children on factors of quality of life.

A cross-sectional study to assess the level of stress and its sources among teaching medical faculties working in a medical college, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

Stress at work has touched most the professions. The lives of teaching medical faculties are often stressful. Increased exposure to stressful events may cause psycho-social disorders like depression, anxiety, self-doubt, insomnia and psychosomatic disorders like impaired immune function, increased cardiovascular risk factors, migraine, ulcers etc. This may also affect the teaching qualities of the medical faculties to the students. Several studies on work-related stress have demonstrated that burnout has a strong impact on certain professions, teaching faculties in particular. This study was done to assess the level of stress and its sources among teaching medical faculties. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire which covered three categories, including socio-demographic details, Perceived Stress Scale and information regarding 16 selected stressors which were related to stress was collected. Data were recorded, tabulated and analysed. The study showed that out of the 122 study subjects, majority of teaching medical faculties had a moderate level of stress (60.6%) whereas 35.2% had a low level of stress and only very few (4.2%) had a high level of stress. The mean PSS score in this study was 16.04 (±5.59 SD). The present study identified that majority of the teaching medical faculties have a moderate level of stress. Most of them find traffic while travelling to work, climatic conditions and high level of expectations from patients as stressors. Necessary workplace interventions should be made to help them cope with work. Every effort should be made to help them deal with stress effectively and safely.

Dual Mobility Cup: Does It Improve Patient's Satisfaction After Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Prospective Comparative Randomized Study.

Despite the great success of total hip arthroplasty (THA), many patients were fairly dissatisfied after surgery. Therefore, patient-reported outcome measures have become of an utmost importance in assessing the results after joint replacement. This study was conducted to compare the postoperative patient-reported satisfactions after implantation of two commonly used THA designs. Of 180 patients, who initially fulfilled the study selection criteria and received cementless THA, 165 patients were finally eligible and enrolled in this prospective comparative randomized study. All surgeries were carried out between 2010 and 2018. Two groups of homogenous demographic and clinical data were present. Group A patients (n = 80) were treated by large head THA, whereas group B (n = 85) received dual mobility cup designs. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and visual analog scale were used for clinical evaluation. The degree of improvement that the patient expected and hoped before undergoing their surgeries was estimated using the score of the new knee society. The self-administered patient satisfaction scale was used to record the levels of patient satisfaction after surgery, and their values were statistically analyzed in relation to preoperative expectation scores (ie, score of the new knee society) and different clinical and sociodemographic variables. After a mean follow-up of 79 ± 4.13 months (range 24 to 96 months), both groups recorded a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and visual analogue scale scores. Patients of group B were significantly more satisfied (P < 0.05) than those of group A up to the first postoperative year. Certain studied variables were linked to superior satisfaction results among group B at the last follow-up. Dual mobility THA provides better patient satisfaction than their standard large head alternatives specifically among elderly patients, socially unsupported individuals, farmers, heavy manual workers, and those with high levels of expectations. Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT04333316.

Identifying Psychological Difficulties in College Athletes

Psychological conditions occur frequently in college students. One contributing factor is the onset of most mental health disorders occurring in late adolescence and early adulthood, as well as the identity formation and individuation that is typical of this developmental stage. Precollege trauma (emotional, physical, sexual, and witness to violence) and lower socioeconomic status can set the stage for psychological difficulties. Some of many stressors that may affect college athletes include peer pressures, independence, need to please family, friends, and coaches, high level of expectations with a very strong commitment to succeeding and winning in competitive and intense intercollegiate sports, time management for academic demands, sports, relationships, and well-being, mood status, history of mental illness, injuries including concussions, and adjusting to the length of time for recovery from injuries, fears of reinjury, or return-to-play concerns, managing body and weight concerns related to performance, and unexpected medical conditions such as infectious mononucleosis. A case is presented of a patient who is a college student-athlete with mild intermittent asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis who was found to have generalized anxiety, surreptitious cannabis use, and bulimic symptoms. He was angry at his position coach because of lack of playing time.

Seasonal variability in taxonomic breadth of biofilm-dwelling ciliates in colonization surveys for marine bioassessment

To determine an optimal sampling strategy for collecting samples with an expected taxonomic breadth, a 1-year baseline colonization survey was conducted in Chinese coastal waters using glass slides as an artificial substratum for biofilm-dwelling ciliates. A total of 240 slide samples were collected at a depth of 1 m in a four-season cycle. The taxonomic composition and structure of the ciliate communities differed from spring to winter. The colonization dynamics in taxonomic distinctness showed a significant variability among the four seasons. Expectation tests on the pairs of average taxonomic distinctness indices demonstrated a seasonal variability in taxonomic breadth of the ciliates, with high expectation levels in spring and autumn and low levels in the other two seasons. These findings suggest that there was a significant seasonal variability in taxonomic breadth for colonization surveys of biofilm-dwelling ciliates, and that an optimal sampling strategy should be determined for bioassessment in marine ecosystems.