Higher Capacity Levels Research Articles

Impact of VO2 Max Capacity And Application of Training Methods on the Effectiveness of Endurance Ability

This research aims to see the effectiveness of training methods and aerobic capacity (VO2 Max) to increase endurance capacity (aerobic capacity). The method used in this research is an experimental method, with the research sample being Karawang district football players. The independent variables of this research are interval training and vo2 max, while the dependent variable is general endurance (aerobic capacity). In carrying out research, the interval method will be given taking into account the high and low aerobic capacity. The results of the research show that the interval method has a significant influence on increasing endurance (aerobic capacity), and the interval method has an interdependence with the level of aerobic capacity in increasing endurance. Extensive intervals are suitable for athletes who have low aerobic capacity and have not been in the process for long. Intensive interval training is suitable for athletes who have moderate aerobic capacity and have been in the training process for quite a long time. And short intervals are suitable for athletes who have a high aerobic capacity and have been training for a long time. Providing the interval method needs to take into account the high and low levels of aerobic capacity, because the interval method is a fairly heavy training method which needs to take into account the aerobic capacity capital of the athlete who will be trained and whether or not they have been involved in the training process for a long time. Keywords: extensive intervals, intensive and short intervals, VO2 Max, Speed ​​Endurance

Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Hayati di Desa Gondel, Kecamatan Kedungtuban, Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah

The rice productivity in Gondel Village, Kedungtuban District, Blora Regency, Central Java, has declined. Factors such as attacks by plant pests and diseases (OPT), climate change (DPI) impact, and decreasing soil quality are the leading causes of crop failure. This training aims to enhance the understanding and skills of Gondel Village farmers in making biofertilizers and introducing environmentally friendly pest and disease control methods. The activity involved 40 farmers from 8 farmer groups (Gemah Ripah, Margo Mulyo, Ngudi Makmur, Sido Dadi, Sido Makmur, Tambah Makmur, Tambah Rizki, and Sri Mulyo), with each group represented by five farmers. The training methods included analysis of soil chemicals, socialization, practical propagation of Trichoderma sp. on rice media, and biofertilizer production. Pre-test and post-tests were conducted to assess the improvement in farmers' knowledge. Trichoderma biofertilizer was formulated using carriers such as a) Manure and b) Compost, zeolite, and humic acid. The results of the soil chemical properties analysis showed that farmers' use of chemical fertilizers was very intensive, resulting in very high levels of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) and high levels of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and cation exchange capacity (KTK). Evaluation results indicated that the training significantly improved the farmers' knowledge of biofertilizer production in theory and practice. However, some farmers still need further guidance on the propagation of the biological agent Trichoderma sp.

Heat-Resistant Covalent Organic Framework (COF) PVA-Hybridized Gel Electrolyte for the Preparation of Dendrite-Free Zinc-Ion Batteries.

High-performance zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their high theoretical capacity and high level of safety. Herein, we propose a covalent organic framework (COF) hybrid poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based gel electrolyte, which can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ and achieve dendrite-free formation. By grafting sulfonic acid groups on the surface of COFs to absorb Zn2+, we can strengthen the interaction between strong ions and dipoles in the electrolyte, improve the ionic conductivity, and achieve stable Zn2+ electroplating and stripping. Due to the good thermal stability of the COF material itself, the gel electrolyte hybrid with the PVA hydrogel shows high mechanical strength and good heat resistance and is capable of stable cycling for >1000 h at 50 °C, with a capacity retention rate of ≤75%. This study provides a new approach for developing high-temperature-resistant and highly stable dendrite-free ZIBs.

Professionally important psychological qualities of successful managers of police organizations

The research aims to investigate the professionally important psychological qualities of successful managers of police organizations. The research design is a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted in several stages during 2022-2023. The first stage involved a survey of police units personnel (n = 562) to identify “successful” managers; the second stage provided for the determination of the professionally important psychological qualities of successful managers of police organizations (n = 74) using a set of psychodiagnostic methods; the third stage made provisions for correlation analysis between the professionally important psychological qualities of successful managers. The following methods were used during the research: theoretical methods – analysis, synthesis, and generalization of scientific literature; empirical and psychodiagnostic methods – included a survey of police units personnel; methods of mathematical and statistical data processing. It was found that successful managers show high levels of working capacity, stress resistance, sociability, and proactive attitude. They are characterized by a sthenic type of reaction, pronounced motivation for personal achievement, and high levels of flexibility of thinking and creativity. They are also characterized by leadership and organizational qualities, and energy. The results of the research made it possible to form an idea of the professionally important psychological qualities of successful managers of police organizations, which will help to improve the professional selection of persons for managerial activities.

An optimized watermarking scheme based on genetic algorithm and elliptic curve

Digital watermarking serves as a crucial tool for tracing copyright infringements and ensuring the authenticity and integrity of sensitive information. The fundamental concept involves embedding a watermark in the host information, ensuring its undetectability by unauthorized parties. The efficacy of a watermarking scheme mainly depends on achieving high levels of imperceptibility, robustness, and embedding capacity. These attributes are intricately linked to both the selection of the host information segment and the embedding factor. Existing schemes often (i) employ the entire host information for embedding, incurring computational expenses, and (ii) optimize the embedding factor without considering imperceptibility, robustness, and embedding capacity simultaneously, resulting in less secure watermarks. To address these limitations, we introduce a novel watermarking scheme leveraging elliptic curves (ECs) and genetic algorithms (GA). We model the choice of the embedding part by generating pseudo-random numbers over ECs, taking advantage of their proven sensitivity, security, and low computational complexity. Due to parallel search and adaptability to non-linear relationships of GA, the scheme employs genetic optimization with a multivariate objective function to establish a balance between imperceptibility, robustness, and embedding capacity for optimal watermarked generation. Rigorous analysis and comparisons demonstrate that our proposed scheme attains significantly higher imperceptibility, robustness, and embedding capacity compared to existing optimized schemes. Furthermore, our scheme exhibits a speed advantage, being up to 278 and 21 times faster than optimized and non-optimized schemes, respectively, thereby affirming its practical applicability.

Sex Differences in the Energy System Contribution during Sprint Exercise in Speed-Power and Endurance Athletes.

Background/Objectives: A high level of specific metabolic capacity is essential for maximal sprinting in both male and female athletes. Various factors dictate sex differences in maximal power production and energy utilization. This study aims to compare the contribution of energy systems between male and female athletes with similar sport-specific physiological adaptations during a 15-s sprint exercise. Methods: The endurance group consisted of 17 males (23 ± 7 y) and 17 females (20 ± 2 y). The speed-power group included 14 males (21.1 ± 2.6 y) and 14 females (20 ± 3 y). The contribution of phosphagen, glycolytic, and aerobic systems was determined using the three-component PCr-LA-O2 method. Results: Significant differences were observed in the energy expenditure for all systems and total energy expenditure between males and females in both groups (p = 0.001-0.013). The energy expenditure in kJ for individual systems (phosphagen-glycolytic-aerobic) was 35:25:7 vs. 20:16:5 in endurance males vs. female athletes, respectively. In the speed-power group, male athletes expended 33:37:6 kJ and female athletes expended 21:25:4 kJ, respectively. The percentage proportions did not differ between males and females in any system. The contribution of the phosphagen-glycolytic-aerobic systems was 52:37:11 vs. 48:39:13 in endurance male and female athletes, respectively. For speed-power males vs. female athletes, the proportions were 42:50:8 vs. 41:50:9, respectively. Conclusions: Despite the differences in body composition, mechanical output, and absolute energy expenditure, the energy system contribution appears to have a similar metabolic effect between male and female athletes engaged in sprint exercises with similar sport-related adaptations. The magnitude and profile of sex differences are related to sports discipline.

High serum levels of reactive nitrogen species and low total antioxidant capacity in patients with resistant hypertension compared to those in age- gender matched healthy controls, controlled hypertension and follow up with propranolol treatment in the extended APPROPRIATE trial

ObjectivesTo perform a comparative analysis of the extended APPROPRIATE trial of measures of reactive nitrogen species and antioxidant capacity in patients having resistant hypertension with controlled hypertension and healthy controls.ResultsMean serum NO2- and NOx levels were significantly lower and mean AOC was significantly higher in patients with controlled hypertension (n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 38) compared to resistant hypertension (RHTN) patients (n = 40) at the pre-intervention stage (p < 0.001). The serum NO2-, NOx and AOC levels of both controlled hypertension and healthy controls were comparable to those of the RHTN patients following treatment with propranolol (n = 18). Considering all samples (n = 114) we noted that there were significant weak and moderate positive correlations between NO2− levels with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.396, p < 0.001 and r = 0.292, p = 0.004) as well as total NOx levels with SBP and DBP (r = 0.636 and r = 0.480 respectively, p < 0.001). Conversely, there was a significant negative correlation between AOC levels with SBP and DBP (r= -0.846 and r = -0.626 respectively, p < 0.001).

Screening and characterization of cosmetic efficacy components of Terminalia chebula based on biological activity-guided methodology.

Terminalia chebula exhibits a high level of antioxidant capacity and is highly valued in medicine and cosmetics. However, its main efficacy and active ingredients related to antioxidant, whitening, and anti-aging are still unclear. In this study, the active site responsible for its cosmetic efficacy was specified by the biological activity-guided method and further characterized by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). T.chebula was ultrasonically extracted by five solvents, and 30% ethanol extract was screened out for subsequent purification by 1,1-D-iphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radical scavenging assays. Five elution fractions were obtained by column chromatography on D101 macroporous adsorbent resin eluted by an increased proportion of ethanol. The 30% ethanol elution fraction was specified as the enrichment site of active ingredients showing good antioxidant capacity and potent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and elastase. A total of 30 compounds were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in the 30% ethanol elution fraction, including 11 gallotannins, 14 ellagitannins, and 5 other compounds, and these compounds may be the key ingredients in cosmetics beneficial for the skin. Such a biological activity-guided method has provided a simple and rapid venue for specifying the components of medicinal herbs responsible for cosmetic efficacy.

Effectuation in digital multi-sided platform startups: An entrepreneurial journey through open innovation process

A paradox arises in platform-based open innovation, wherein digital Multi-Sided Platform (MSP) firms with little initial co-creation ability can successfully adopt an open innovation strategy that typically requires a high level of co-creation capacity. This study aims to fill this gap by theoretically exploring the connection between effectuation, which involves entrepreneurial action based on a given set of means and the selection of possible effects, and the open innovation process with co-creation capacity. The objective is to contribute to the significant growth of digital MSP startups. This study investigates the process of open innovation based on platforms in the context of resource constraints, limited knowledge, and uncertainty. The outcomes of a quantitative study including 70 digital MSP startups indicate that the most efficient route for these businesses to achieve Innovation Performance is by first developing Effectuation, followed by Integrative Capabilities and Co-Creation Capacity, and last, Innovation Performance. However, in this shortest path, the involvement of Crowds or Communities Management Practices plays a role in partially moderating the relationship between Effectuation and Integrative Capabilities. Platform-based innovation serves as the point of integration between effectuation theory in entrepreneurship research and open innovation strategy in strategic management research. The bridge connecting these two fields has significant implications for research on platform-based innovation in the field of strategic entrepreneurship.

Pathological and neurochemical correlates of locus coeruleus functional network activity

The locus coeruleus (LC) produces the neuromodulators norepinephrine and dopamine, and projects widely to subcortical and cortical brain regions. The LC has been a focus of neuroimaging biomarker development for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) since it was identified as one of the earliest brain regions to develop tau pathology. Our recent research established the use of positron emission tomography (PET) to measure LC catecholamine synthesis capacity in cognitively unimpaired older adults. We extend this work by investigating the possible influence of pathology and LC neurochemical function on LC network activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In separate sessions, participants underwent PET imaging to measure LC catecholamine synthesis capacity ([18F]Fluoro-m-tyrosine), tau pathology ([18F]Flortaucipir), and amyloid-β pathology ([11C]Pittsburgh compound B), and fMRI imaging to measure LC functional network activity at rest. Consistent with a growing body of research in aging and preclinical AD, we find that higher functional network activity is associated with higher tau burden in individuals at risk of developing AD (amyloid-β positive). Critically, relationships between higher LC network activity and higher pathology (amyloid-β and tau) were moderated by LC catecholamine synthesis capacity. High levels of LC catecholamine synthesis capacity reduced relationships between higher network activity and pathology. Broadly, these findings support the view that individual differences in functional network activity are shaped by interactions between pathology and neuromodulator function, and point to catecholamine systems as potential therapeutic targets.

China's future forest carbon sequestration potential under different management scenarios

Enhancing forest carbon storage and carbon sequestration capacity is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. Scientific forest management can maintain a high level of carbon sequestration capacity in forests, and considering the carbon pool of wood products can extend the time of carbon fixation. However, current predictions of large-scale forest carbon storage and carbon sequestration capacity have overlooked changes in forest carbon absorption with forest age and the buffering effect of wood product carbon pools in the carbon release process. In this paper, we used the Forest Simulation and Optimization System model (FSOS) to analyze the wood supply and carbon sequestration capacities of different management scenarios based on data from the Forest Resources Inventory (2014–2018). The results showed that China's forests could export significant amounts of timber in the future; According to the 9th forest survey report, China's forests produce only 88 million m3 yr-1. Among them, the harvested objects were mainly planted forests, and if all forests (planted forests and natural forests) are involved in forest management planning, the maximum sustainable annual wood supply will reach 286 million m3 yr-1. Moreover, due to the current large proportion of younger forests in China, 358 million m3 of annual wood supply will be achievable in the future (as of the year 2039). Forest management can increase the carbon sequestration capacities in forest ecosystems as well as the wood supply compared to the no management options. In summary, the carbon sequestration potential of unmanaged forests is limited. Appropriate forest management can increase the carbon sequestration potential of forests. The substitution of carbon emission reduction of wood products and bioenergy can also greatly reduce the pressure to achieve carbon neutral strategies.

MOTOR QUALITIES IN THE NAVAL PENTATHLON

By paying special attention to combat training of soldiers, it is highlighted the need for multidisciplinary training through elements of theoretical, technical, tactical training, training skills in various fields, specific to combat actions, such as shooting with different categories or types of weapons, first aid, rescue from drowning, underwater swimming, solving technical-tactical situations in different environments, moving over different distances or crossing watercourses with improvised means. All these can be achieved and verified during specific training or in sports-applicative competitions, on the stable foundation of a well-trained fighter. The basis of this preparation can only be a high level of physical and mental capacity. Educating the character of the military, improving their potential, is achieved against the background of good effort capacity and training through specific exercises, and these objectives can be achieved within military physical education classes and through training allocated for sports competitions. Research objectives: Highlighting the naval pentathlon as a basis for training future professional soldiers; Highlighting the need for scientific planning in order to obtain the necessary physical and mental capacity for professional soldiers; Methods: Study of specialized literature; Measurement and testing of effort parameters specific to naval pentathlon samples; Results and conclusions: Using the above-mentioned methods, information necessary for the optimal organization and conduct of military and sports training for the development at a higher level of physical and mental capacity of servicemen was obtained, using training means specific to the naval pentathlon. The information obtained from the research shows the major importance of a physical training as complex as possible to achieve maximum performances both in naval pentathlon sports competitions and in combat actions specific to professional fighters in the naval forces.

Inhibitory capacity of xanthine oxidase, and anticancer activity of compounds from Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai flower

The flower of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai (FSN) has been considered an important supplementation material in natural flower-flavoured tea products in Vietnam. The present work has considerable significance for adding pharmacological value of FSN. Two compounds, namely emodin and methyl rosmarinate, were identified for the first time from a methanolic extract of FSN from Vietnam while analysing the inhibitory capacity of xanthine oxidase and cytotoxic activities. High levels of xanthine oxidase inhibiting capacity and cytotoxicity activity against HepG2 and A549 cancer cell lines were detected from emodin, with IC50 of 4.88 ± 0.42, 13.72 ± 0.48, and 18.33 ± 0.10 µg/mL, respectively. Emodin also activated the apoptotic factors of caspase-9, Bax, and PARP in HepG2, and caspase-3/9 and p53 in A549. Our results revealed for the first time the xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of M70 with IC50 of 34.15 ± 1.33 µg/mL, which would shed light on its potential application for developing anti-hyperuricemia agents. The present work suggested that using flower-flavoured tea product of FSN could have many health benefits for gout patients.

ESSENTIAL YOGA PRACTICES FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS TO ENHANCE SPORTS PERFORMANCE

Football demands high levels of muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and anaerobic power to meet the sport's physical and physiological challenges. Yoga has been shown to enhance flexibility, stability, endurance, and cognitive function, benefiting both physical performance and mental well-being. Despite this, there is a notable absence of studies specifically focused on sport-specific yoga practices for football players. The study aims to identify essential yoga practices for football players based on input from subject matter experts. A total of 76 yoga practices were identified through a review of classical texts and supported by research evidence. To establish the validity of these practices, a panel of 30 subject matter experts (SMEs) was consulted. The data were analysed using Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio (CVR) to assess content validity. Among the 76 integrated yoga practices subjected to validation, 38 practices achieved a CVR score of ≥0.33, signifying high content validity, while the remaining 38 practices had a CVR score of &lt;0.33, indicating low content validity. The 38 practices with a CVR score of ≥0.33 were deemed essential for football players. The study highlights the potential of yoga to improve overall athletic performance and reduce injury risk, emphasizing the need for incorporating sport-specific yoga programs.

Examining SLP student perceptions of reflective practice. How do students compare on the reflective practice questionnaire?

Reflective practice (RP) activities are regularly employed as part of clinical education programs for SLP. Studies examining SLP student perception of RP, suggest that in general RP activities are valued and learning occurs (Dunne et al., 2019; Tillard et al., 2018). However, it is not known whether perceptions of RP activities change as clinical placement experience increases. The impact of RP activities on outcomes such as: confidence; communication; job satisfaction; stress; uncertainty; and desire for improvement also has not been examined. Aims: 1. To determine perceptions of reflective capacity and outcomes of engaging in RP in three groups of SLP students (following their second, fourth or sixth clinical placement experience) utilizing a validated and reliable instrument. 2. To examine patterns of perceptions of reflective capacity and outcomes of engaging in RP across SLP students utilizing Hierarchical clustering (Manhattan distance). 70 SLP students completed The Reflective Practice Questionnaire (RPQ) (Priddis &amp; Rogers, 2018; Rogers et al., 2019). The majority of SLP students perceived they had high levels of reflective capacity. In general, as SLP student clinical placement experience increased so did perception of RP abilities and subscales associated with outcomes of engaging in RP. A significant positive effect for three subscales of the RPQ (communication confidence, confidence general and job satisfaction) was found as clinical placement experience increased. Three groupings were identified as a result of Hierarchical clustering. This study provides quantitative data to support the teaching and use of RP activities with students across clinical programs.

Thermal vapor sulfurization modified micro-sized red phosphorus/activated carbon composite anode for sodium-ion batteries

High-capacity red phosphorus/activated carbon (P/C) composites are promising anode materials for next-generation sodium-ion batteries. However, the poor conductivity and significant volume effect of red phosphorus inevitably deposited on the outer surface of P/C composites may incur significant capacity decay and structural degradation. This work reports a method for preparing surface-modified micro-sized P/C composites with built-in nanoscale features. Through thermal vapor sulfurization, the obtained micron-sized sulfur-modified P/C (S-P/C) composites not only fulfill the requirements of the battery manufacture but also maintain their nano-in-micro structure. It can eliminate the detrimental red phosphorus on the outer surface of P/C composites and convert it into the ion conductive layer of Na3PS4, limiting its volume effect and significantly promoting ion conduction. As a result, S-P/C composites exhibit excellent cyclic stability in a half cell (610 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g and capacity retention of 94.2 % after 100 cycles) and reach a high areal capacity level (1.99 mAh cm−2) in a full cell.

Not following the script: When institutional development is uneven

AbstractThree characteristics of developed twenty‐first century countries are high levels of state capacity, democracy, and economic freedom. This article compares countries that lack one of the characteristics with countries that have more even levels of institutional development. Countries which lack democracy use other means to secure political legitimacy, and those without strong states are geographically concentrated in Latin America and eastern Europe. Those without liberalised economic institutions are an idiosyncratic group that have unconventional historical paths. These findings speak to the prospects for development outside the liberal democratic path, the nature of development in the absence of a state, and unexplored determinants of economic freedom.

KIBS deepening and manufacturers’ productivity: the moderating role of absorptive capacity

ABSTRACT The outcomes from the associations between manufacturers and knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) with consequences at the firm and regional levels have been called territorial servitisation. This article explores whether the effect of regional KIBS deepening on productivity growth is dependent on minimum levels of manufacturers’ absorptive capacity. An econometric analysis was carried out using a threshold regression model of 125 Brazilian manufacturers collected from 2010 to 2017. Results indicate that KIBS deepening on its own does not bring productivity benefits. Manufacturers may collect positive gains if they are endowed with high levels of absorptive capacity.

Is 70 the new 60? A longitudinal analysis of cohort trends inintrinsic capacity in England and China.

To understand how the health of older adults today compares to that of previous generations, we estimated intrinsic capacity and subdomains of cognitive, locomotor, sensory, psychological and vitality capacities in participants of the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). We applied multilevel growth curve models to examine change over time and cohort trends. We found that more recent cohorts entered older ages with higher levels of capacity, and their subsequent age-related declines were somewhat compressed compared to earlier cohorts. These improvements in capacity were large, with the greatest gains being in the most recent cohorts. For example, a 68-year-old ELSA participant born in 1950 had higher capacity than a 62-year-old born just 10 years earlier. Trends were similar for men and women, and findings were generally consistent across English and Chinese cohorts.

The Analysis of The Functional Status of Female Soldiers In The Conditions of The Legal Regime of The Martial State

This article presents the results of a study on the cardiorespiratory system of 30 female soldiers during a period of legal regime of martial state. It is important to note that all investigated cardiovascular parameters, determined by median, were within age norms. Our findings from hypoxic tests demonstrated that the functional capacity of the respiratory system of female military personnel was within age norms as well. The results also confirm that this category has the ability to effectively operate in hypoxic conditions, which is a crucial aspect for professional performance. Analysis of orthostatic test results indicates a significant variability in the body’s reactions to body position changes, with a median value of 5.0 bpm, a minimum of 0.0 bpm, and a maximum of 56.0 bpm. This means that female soldiers have different levels of adaptation. However, it is worth noting the stability of the cardiovascular system’s response to orthostatic stress, with minimal changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 5 mmHg, indicating cardiovascular stability during orthostatic activity. In the vast majority of female military personnel (60.0%), hemodynamic reactions to changes in body position indicate a high level of adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system. The results of the study of the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in female military personnel indicate compliance with the majority of physiological norms; however, isolated cases are observed where the detected values may indicate certain abnormalities, particularly arterial hypertension. The results of respiratory tests indicate a normal response of the female military personnel's bodies to hypoxia conditions, which is important for fulfilling their service duties.