High Level Of Familiarity Research Articles

A snapshot of Bulgarian school teachers’ familiarity with, use of, and opinions on artificial intelligence at the threshold of its incorporation into the educational process

The current study was designed within a survey-based quantitative research methodology in order to investigate Bulgarian teachers’ familiarity with, use of, and attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) at the nascent stage of its integration into the Bulgarian education system. The survey was completed by 2252 teachers, of whom 16.30% were men and 83.70% were women. The majority of the teachers (72%) reported some level of familiarity with AI technology. Higher levels of familiarity were significantly associated with younger teachers (aged 20 to 29), mathematics, sciences, and technology subject areas, as well as the male gender. More than 50% of the teachers reported using AI technology in their instruction. Familiarity with AI technology was the only significant predictor of AI use, overriding the effect of other variables. The teachers used AI technology to prepare teaching, assessment, and homework materials; design individual and team tasks; and grade students' work. The teachers who regularly used AI technology were more favorable towards AI in contrast to those who seldom or never employed AI. The majority of the respondents recognized the need for teacher training in AI technology and expressed willingness to participate in teacher training initiatives. Therefore, the current situation requires teacher education programs to harness teachers’ needs by equipping them with relevant AI literacy and skills that they could apply to the critical adoption of suitable AI tools. Educational institutions and stakeholders should provide guidelines and consultancy regarding technical, methodological, and ethical issues concerning the instructional use of AI technology.

واقع إلمام معلمات الدراسات الإسلامية بأساليب مكافحة الأفكار الهدامة بالمرحلة الثانوية بالعاصمة المقدسة

The study aims to evaluate the level of female Islamic Studies teachers familiarity with methods of combating destructive ideas in high school education in the Holy Capital of Makkah. To achieve this, the study used the descriptive analytical survey method, the study sample included (86) female Islamic Studies teachers, and used a questionnaire consisting of 12 items. The study had come to several conclusions, most importantly being: That female Islamic Studies teachers are highly familiar with destructive ideas combating methods, the study scored an arithmetic mean of (3.59), a standard deviation of (.86), and a high level of familiarity. In light of these results, the study made several recommendations.

“Following the data”: Perceptions of and willingness to use clinical decision support tools to inform HIV care among Haitian clinicians

BackgroundClinical decision support (CDS) tools can support HIV care, including through case tracking, treatment and medication monitoring, and promoting provider compliance with care guidelines. There has been limited research into the technical, organizational, and behavioral factors that impact perceptions of and willingness to use CDS tools at scale in resource-limited settings, including in Haiti. MethodsOur sample included fifteen purposively chosen Haitian HIV program experts, including active clinicians and HIV program managers. Participants completed structured quantitative surveys and one-on-one qualitative semi-structured interviews. ResultsStudy participants had high levels of familiarity and experience with CDS tools. The primary motivator for CDS tool use was a perceived benefit to quality of care, including improved provider time use, efficiency, and decision-making ability, and patient outcomes. Participants highlighted decision-making autonomy and how CDS tools could support provider decision making but should not supplant provider knowledge and experience. Participants highlighted the need for sufficient provider training/sensitization, inclusion of providers in the system design process, and prioritization of tool user-friendliness as key mechanisms to drive tool use and impact. Some participants noted that systemic issues, such as limited laboratory capacity, may reduce the usefulness of CDS alerts, particularly concerning differentiated care and priority viral load testing. ConclusionRespondents had largely positive perceptions of EMRs and CDS tools, particularly due to perceived improvements in quality of care. To improve tool use, stakeholders should prioritize tool user-friendliness and provider training. Addressing systemic health system issues is necessary to unlock the full potential of these tools.

Examining Color Recognition in the Kurdish Language: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

This study employs a cross-sectional research design to explore color recognition among Kurdish participants, encompassing individuals from various age and education groups. The research aims to investigate patterns of color perception across demographic segments within the Kurdish population. Participants were selected from four distinct groups: elementary school graduates (elderly), high school students, university students, and university graduates. The study involved presenting participants with a list of color names in Kurdish and recording their responses to assess color recognition. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and percentages, were utilized to analyze the data and identify trends in color perception. The total number of participants in the study was 274. Findings indicate a high level of familiarity with basic colors such as black, white, red, green, yellow, and blue across all participant groups, with recognition rates ranging from 85% to 96%. However, less common colors, including gray, orange, pink, and purple, showed varying levels of recognition among different participant groups. Gray was relatively better recognized compared to other less common colors, with recognition rates ranging from 8.93% to 15%, suggesting potential differences in exposure to color terminology among different age and education groups.

MALL with Young Learners: Methodological and Ethical Considerations in Quasi-Experimental Research Design

The enormous developments in technology and hence the widespread use of hand-held devices in the last few decades have led to great interest in mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) as a new way of language education. MALL is considered an effective method particularly for young language learners due to their higher level of familiarity with the technology compared to their predecessors. Thus, an increasing number of mobile apps focusing on language education of children has been developed recently. It has also attracted researchers who carry out studies on MALL in terms of various perspectives such as learners’ learning processes and perspectives. However, an important aspect of MALL which is the use of portable devices and apps individually out of school settings poses possible problems in terms of carrying out quasi-experimental studies. To this end, this paper combines three major areas in Applied Linguistics, namely, MALL, quasi-experimental research design, and young language learners and focuses on salient issues which are identified as lack of control, training, convenience of MALL activities for children, and ethical issues. Based on the TPACK framework, a new framework is proposed to incorporate young learners’ characteristics in MALL studies. It is believed that the consideration of these points will be beneficial to future studies utilising quasi-experimental design in MALL with children.

Study on the Effect of Sociocultural Aspects on Consumer Interest Purchasing Japandi (Japanese-Scandinavian) Household Goods in Indonesian Marke

The Indonesian civilization exhibits a profound historical association with and a high level of familiarity with wood as a material, which shaped Indonesia's sociocultural values. However, with the advancement of civilization and the pervasive impact of Western culture, wood has undergone a transformation, becoming a commodity that is predominantly esteemed for its practical usefulness. The significance of wood as a symbol of diplomatic or social rank has diminished throughout time, particularly in the context of palatial environments. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of sociocultural factors on the inclination of the Indonesian market to adopt the Japandi (Japanese-Scandinavian) style in household goods such as furniture and home accessory design, which is distinguished by its emphasis on minimalistic aesthetics and practicality. In order to reveal these insights, the researchers used the buying intentions theory combined with quantitative explanatory analysis to clarify the observed phenomena and derive conclusions. Data will be gathered via questionnaires employing random sampling, with a focus on the Indonesian market as the target population. The results of the study indicate that social and cultural elements play a significant role in shaping the intention to buy Japandi (Japanese-Scandinavian) home furnishings in Indonesia.

Familiarity at Work: Awesome or Contempt? Assessing the Interplay among Familiarity, Leadership and Team Identification.

The purpose of this study was to examine competing hypotheses (positive vs. negative) on how organizational members' familiarity with multiple stakeholders differentially relates to members' social identity and perception of leadership styles grounded in relational and emotional factors. Specifically, we developed and tested a conceptual model wherein employees' familiarity with leaders, colleagues, and externals plays a differential role in predicting the extent to which they identify with their workgroup (i.e., group member prototypicality-GMP) and perceive transformational, authentic, leader-member exchange and servant leadership styles. Moreover, we examined the moderating effect of combat experience. We tested this nomological network using structural equation modeling and invariance analyses on a sample of 435 military personnel from the Italian Army (228 combat, 207 non-combat). Results indicated an invariant pattern of relationships among variables for combat and non-combat sub-samples. Specifically, familiarity with leaders positively predicted all leadership styles and GMP. Familiarity with colleagues positively predicted only GMP, whereas familiarity with externals did not predict GMP or leadership factors. Moreover, post hoc quadratic regressions showed a curvilinear inverted-U-shaped relationship between familiarity with colleagues and GMP. Militaries with low or high levels of familiarity with colleagues reported lower levels of GMP compared to militaries with moderate levels of familiarity with colleagues. Hence, at very high levels of familiarity with colleagues, GMP begins to decrease. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed in light of the increasing relevance of relational and emotional factors for military leadership, and the current pandemic and geopolitical turmoil.

How far can the self be extended? Automatic attention capture is triggered not only by the self-face.

The preferential processing of self-related information is thought to be driven by its high level of familiarity. However, some behavioral studies have shown that people may exhibit a preference for initially unfamiliar stimuli that have been associated with themselves arbitrarily. One of the key questions that needs to be addressed concerns the role of early attention in the prioritization of newly acquired information associated with the self. Another question is whether both highly familiar as well as new information referring to a subjectively significant person (i.e. close-other) benefits from preferential attentional processing. We aimed to tackle both questions by investigating the neural mechanisms involved in processing extremely familiar stimuli, like one's own face or the face of a close-other, as well as stimuli (abstract shapes) that were newly linked to each person. We used a dot-probe paradigm that allowed us to investigate the early stages of attentional prioritization. Our analysis of the N2pc component unveiled that attention was automatically captured by the self-face, a shape associated with oneself, and the face of the close person. However, a shape associated with the close-other did not elicit the same attentional response, as the N2pc was absent. Thus, both the self-face and information referring to the extended self (self-assigned shape, close-other's face) benefit from preferential early and automatic attentional processing.

ПЕДАГОГІЧНЕ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВЧИТЕЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В УМОВАХ НОВОВЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ

The article updates the issue of professional training of future technology teachers to work in the conditions of the New Ukrainian School. Attention is focused on certain provisions of the Concept of the New Ukrainian School related to partnership pedagogy, readiness for innovation, new standards and learning outcomes, school and teacher autonomy, education financing. It is noted that increasing the effectiveness of the professional training of future teachers is an important modern educational task, since it is the teacher as the bearer of spiritual, intellectual, creative potentials who qualitatively influences the development of a person and society Emphasis is placed on the importance of their readiness for innovative pedagogical activity. The teacher's innovative activity is based on a meaningful attitude to advanced practical pedagogical experience. Innovative pedagogical activity also includes the use of design technologies in education. An important leading place in the theory and practice of educational activity belongs to pedagogical design. Necessary in the organization of the educational process at school is the use of design technologies by the teacher in order to implement pedagogical design. The result of pedagogical design is innovations that have a positive effect on the education system, and the introduced changes are characterized as new or improved. It is noted that in today's conditions, the future technology teacher who will work at the New Ukrainian School must be able to independently design the educational process, be guided by the abilities and natural inclinations of students, search for and use effective methods and techniques of learning, innovative educational technologies in the educational process. A conclusion was made regarding the need for future technology teachers to have a high level of familiarity with design technology and the basics of pedagogical design, the ability to develop and implement pedagogical projects. The question of preparing future technology teachers for the use of design technologies in the educational process, in particular related to pedagogical design and creation of pedagogical projects, requires further scientific research. It is planned to develop a number of measures for the development of a creative approach to the design of pedagogical activities in students of education.

A Mathematical Algorithm Approach for Estimating Water-Based Paint Requirements for a Given Wall

The research aimed to improve the accuracy of estimating water-based paint requirements for a given wall using mathematical algorithms. The approach used in this study included a survey and document review to obtain details concerning paint. The study focused on water-based paints, including silk, weather guard, emulsion hi-cover and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) roof paint used in Tanzania’s building and construction industry. Data collected from the field study were analysed systematically. It was observed that there is a high level of familiarity in improving the accuracy of estimation of the required water-based paints, namely silk, weather guard, emulsion hi-cover and PVA roof paint for a given wall. The algorithm validation was performed by benchmarking the pre-established algorithms. Validation involved conducting five experiments: the physical study by applying two paint coats on a wall and recording the results. The percentage errors of a painting by approximating the paint using the algorithm developed gives better results than that from the different projects held in Tanzania, which was taken as a sample. The novelty of this study is based on the developed mathematical algorithm. In fact, this is among the fewer studies that mainly improve the accuracy of estimating the paint required for a given wall using a mathematical algorithm in Tanzania. There are limited studies of that nature as the majority use experience, which result in higher discrepancies.

“After the School Day, What’s Next?”: Exploring Refugee Youths’ Engagement in After-School Programs

After-school programs can provide important contexts for youths’ development and well-being. While these programs have the potential to serve as an anchor for refugee youth, previous research cites challenges with their access and engagement with them. Drawing on the Positive Youth Development Framework, which offers a lens on how after-school programs are complementary to refugee youth development and well-being, this study explores refugee youths’ motivation and engagement in after school activities. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 refugee youth between the ages of 14 and 17 years old who resettled into Chicago. First, refugee students were involved in school-based programs with the goal to share cultural and racial identities, process past traumas, and manage homesickness. Second, refugee youth preferred to seek out homework assistance from stakeholders associated with refugee-led organizations instead of school staff due to their high level of familiarity and trust with them. Finally, refugee youth participated in community-based organizations that encouraged their engagement in civic activities. Recommendations are offered about how schools and community partners can assist refugee students in becoming more involved with after-school programs. This research sheds light on how after-school specialists and educators can offer comprehensive after-school programs to this understudied population.

Mental health-related stigma discrimination and prejudices among Greek healthcare professionals.

Research shows that mental health-related stigma, stereotypes, and prejudices have a negative impact on the patients themselves as well as on their families and social entourage. Healthcare professionals, whose expertise and professional ethos are historically acknowledged by public opinion, are expected to play a major role in combating discrimination against psychiatric patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the attitudes of Greek healthcare professionals toward mental illness and people suffering from it. It is a non-interventional, analytic study, in which 479 health workers from a tertiary hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece, participated. Every single hospital service -except the personnel of the Psychiatric Clinic- was included in our study: from the cleaning service to the administrative staff and the auxiliary staff such as stretcher carriers, food and nutrition services' staff, and social workers, the nursing staff, and finally the attending physicians, taking into consideration that the psychiatric patient, from the moment he/she enters the hospital, consecutively gets in contact with every work grade of the healthcare establishment. Participants' attitudes concerning mental illness have been evaluated using the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale (OMI), the Social Distance Scale (SDS), and the Level of Contact Report (LCR-12). Despite the high level of familiarity [as evaluated with LCR-12; mean score (μ): 8.82 ± 1.73], the employees displayed a rather poor willingness to interact with psychiatric patients (as measured with SDS; μ:11.68 ± 4.28), and endorsed significant prejudice toward individuals with mental disorders (assessed using OMI subscales; Social Discrimination μ: 22.99 ± 12.08, Social Restriction μ: 17.45 ± 9.07, Social Care μ: 21.04 ± 4.12, Social Integration μ: 16.38 ± 4.68, Etiology μ: 9.80 ± 4.95). Age and education stood out as the main determinants of participants' attitudes, with younger and highly educated participants to have shown a relatively refined profile. These results are not significantly improved compared to those of previous decades in Greek healthcare professionals and call for critical reflection and targeted stigma-reduction efforts.

Amateurs can be experts: A new perspective on collaborations with citizen scientists

Observations made by citizen-scientists are highly regarded in many fields of biology. Public participation in research leads to increased environmental stewardship, greater data-acquisition, and multi-disciplinary advances. However, to date, there is a paucity of literature that acknowledges the professional benefits we, as scientists, gain through open consultation and two-way collaboration with interested parties. Citizen scientists often have specialised interests in particular taxa or habitats. They spend much time observing their subjects/s of interest, becoming accustomed to subtle nuances in appearance, behaviour, or dynamics that are challenging to detect without a high level of familiarity. In a world where professional researchers must increasingly balance competing demands on their time, and demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of their research, we stand to benefit by acknowledging the specific expertise of amateurs and the value their experience brings to observations. We use marine ornithology as an exemplar of this discussion – reasoning that data quality can be greatly improved by collaboration with expert amateurs, concomitantly improving the outcomes from research for conservation and management. We encourage researchers surveying wildlife, plant life, and other organisms to consider where their information and skills may come from, and close the loop between citizens and science to make the most of what amateur naturalism has to offer.

Public perceptions of the association between drug effectiveness and drug novelty in France during the COVID-19 pandemic

ObjectivesDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, public debates overtly addressed the promises of new innovative drugs. Many of these debates pitted those who advocated for the development of new drugs by pharmaceutical companies against those who favored the repositioning of existing drugs. Our study explored perceptions of the association between drug novelty and effectiveness as well as perceptions of the role of the pharmaceutical industry in drug development.MethodsData were collected in January 2021 from a quota sample of the French population aged 18–75 years (n = 1,000) during the second round of the “Health Literacy Survey 2019” (HLS19).ResultsWe tested the hypothesis that individuals with a high level of familiarity with the health care system and those with a high level of trust in institutions are more likely to agree that new drugs are more effective than old ones and that drug development should be driven by the pharmaceutical industry. A quarter (25%) of respondents agreed that new drugs are always more effective than old ones. Agreement with this statement was stronger among respondents with a high level of familiarity with the health care system (as measured by the navigational health literacy score, OR 3.34 [2.13–5.24]). Respondents with a low level of trust in pharmaceutical companies or politicians were two times less likely to agree that new drugs are always more effective than old ones (OR 0.63 [0.42–0.95] and OR 0.68 [0.49–0.94], respectively). A high level of trust in pharmaceutical companies was reported by 42% of respondents, and 43% agreed that drug development should be driven by the pharmaceutical industry.ConclusionOur study shows that the perceived effectiveness of innovative drugs is associated with familiarity with the health care system and trust in institutions.

Осмислення знань викладача українського університету про CEFR/CV: створення профілю викладача університету в локальному контексті

The article reports on the preliminary findings regarding Ukrainian university teachers’ familiarity, knowledge and experience in the use of the CEFR/CV as well as teachers’ perceived training needs in order to master the documents. The data were collected via a structured questionnaire among 52 university teachers from Ukrainian universities. Descriptive statistics was used to interpret the data. The results indicated teachers’ high level of familiarity with the documents and their awareness of the significance of the CEFR/CV for promotion standard, equity and transparency in learning, teaching and assessment. Also, the university teachers claimed to use the CEFR/CV in various contexts: to develop syllabi, tests, exams, and teaching materials. The findings showed that the documents are also recognised as tools for developing students’ self-directed learning. However, the respondents of the study voiced the need for further professional training in every CEFR/CV-related area offered in the questionnaire. Moreover, the data reported some inconsistencies in responses, which might be the result that most teachers familiarised themselves with the document independently and only partially. These findings led the authors to the conclusion that a comprehensive course on the CEFR/CV conducted by experts in the field is necessary.

Enhancing Participatory Development in Morocco: Analyzing the Sketch Mapping Behaviour of Men and Women and Integrating Paper and Digital Participatory Mapping Environments

Abstract. Twelve participatory paper maps by separate groups of men and women were facilitated by the High Atlas Foundation in six communities in Morocco between 2010–2020 as part of their process of participatory development. In this research, these sketch maps are analyzed for the first time. The twelve participatory paper maps underwent a gender-focused content frequency analysis. Seven communities were located using OpenStreetMap and Google Maps by a High Atlas Foundation expert. It was found that men contributed more overall geographic elements and written Arabic commentary than women, which could indicate a higher level of familiarity with their community and comfortability in communicating their opinions in writing. It was also found that there are many barriers to adding data from the sketch maps to OpenStreetMap due to language, loss of institutional memory, inconsistencies between the sketch maps of the same location, and inconsistencies between the sketch maps and satellite imagery.

Sun, wind or water? Public support for large-scale renewable energy development in Canada

ABSTRACT Public acceptance is one important aspect of broader social acceptability of renewable energy. Using a national, representative survey dataset of Canadian citizens (n = 1407), we examine public support for three infrastructure-scale renewables: large hydropower, wind farms, and solar farms. Few studies compare acceptance of multiple technologies or acceptance across sub-national regions. Due to differing levels of historical and current development of energy technologies, the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec provide a unique case for comparison. At the national level, results demonstrate strong support and high levels of familiarity for these renewable technologies, but limited belief they will lower greenhouse gas emissions. Lower levels of support for wind and hydro technologies were seen in provinces that recently experienced development. Using regression analysis, we found support for each of the technologies was influenced by a different set of factors. Important influencing factors included environmental and climate concern, familiarity with the technology, personal values, political affiliation, gender, age and education.

Teaching for international mindedness in Chicago Public Schools International Baccalaureate humanities classes

PurposeThe International Baccalaureate (IB) programme centers on developing students' international mindedness. Central to this effort is the programme's “Learner Profile,” which details ten attributes that teachers seek to cultivate through classroom instruction. This article reports on the ways that middle grades and high school social studies and English teachers in Chicago Public Schools' (CPS) IB programmes are attempting to implement the Learner Profile as part of their classroom practice to support students' international mindedness.Design/methodology/approachThe project was carried out as a two phase, sequential mixed-methods design. Phase I entailed a survey of IB teachers and programme coordinators across CPS to assess the incorporation of the Learner Profile into instruction. Phase II consisted of mixed-methods case studies of CPS IB programmes selected partially on Phase I data analysis.FindingsWe find that while teachers express high levels of familiarity with the Learner Profile attributes and confidence in incorporating them into practice, we find wide variation in the actual implementation. Taken as a whole, we find CPS programmes take divergent approaches to incorporating the Learner Profile based on differences in understanding of the attributes and its purposes as well as key organizational facets related to implementation.Originality/valueUltimately, we argue that the wide variation and lack of explicit incorporation of the Learner Profile into classrooms is related in large part to the broad, indistinct nature of “international mindedness” as a concept. The programme would benefit from creating more space for teacher and students to critique the concept, especially those working from non-Western traditions.

Familiarity with people with intellectual disabilities, stigma, and the mediating role of emotions among the Dutch general public.

Stigma can hamper full inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in society. For other minority groups, higher levels of familiarity with these groups have been shown to relate to lower levels of stigma, whereby emotions can play a mediating role. However, concerning people with intellectual disabilities, there is limited knowledge regarding the general public’s levels of familiarity, its relationship with stigma, and the role of emotions in this relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a nationally representative sample of the Dutch population (n = 892). The relationship between levels of familiarity and different measures of stigma representing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of stigma (i.e., attributions, emotions, discrimination) was examined. Emotions (fear, anger, and sympathy) were studied as a mediator in the relationship between familiarity and discrimination (i.e., social distance, and intention to help). Participants who reported no familiarity in real life with people with intellectual disabilities (30.6% of the population sample) demonstrated higher levels of stigma (attributions, emotions, discrimination) than participants who reported any form of real-life familiarity (69.4% of the sample). Fear was found to be the most important mediator of the relationship between familiarity and discrimination. The findings stress the continuing importance to advocate for people with intellectual disabilities to be recognized and become known within society. This increased familiarity might reduce stigma and increase positive experiences of inclusion. Support workers may have a vital role in this process. The importance of fear in the relationship between familiarity and discrimination may inform future research and antistigma interventions.

Formal requirements for suicide risk assessment in mental healthcare services: Self-reported familiarity and perceptions among clinicians

ABSTRACT Background Standardized routines and procedures are crucial in clinical practice, however, these may also restrict clinical autonomy. This study aims to assess clinicians’ familiarity with and perceptions of established formal requirements for suicide risk assessment in mental healthcare services. Methods Clinical staff in the psychiatric section at a large hospital trust in Norway were invited to take part in an online survey designated for the study. Responses were measured on a Likert scale. 503 clinicians participated in the survey and data from 396 respondents whose tasks at work involved asking and recording patientś suicidal behavior were included in the analysis. Results Participants reported high levels of familiarity with the formal requirements for suicide risk assessment, i.e., routines in their own work section, procedures in the hospital’s electronic quality management system, current legislation, and national guidelines. However, there are notable differences by clinical background with higher levels of familiarity being found among doctors and psychiatrists and among staff frequently seeing suicidal patients. The perceived benefits of these formal requirements are clear goal setting and confidence to do what is relevant, whilst the perceived drawbacks are that these routines and procedures are time consuming and have an overly legalistic focus. These perceptions exhibited a high level of internal consistency and were not associated with respondents’ familiarity with the requirements. Conclusion Clinicians reported good familiarity with formal requirements and possessed ambivalent perceptions of required routines and procedures in practice. There is a need to enhance the understanding of the multi-purpose of implementing standardized procedures for suicide risk assessment in health services.