High Level Of Data Protection Research Articles

Current challenges and the future of legal protection of personal data: under the influence of digitalization development

Current challenges and the future of legal protection of personal data: under the influence of digitalization development

Psychosocial online counselling in Ukraine on IPSO-care platform in pandemic period

IntroductionSince October 2017 till 2019 the project of Psychosocial Care for internally displaced persons and the war affected population in Ukraine has been in place (short name “Let’s talk”). In 2020 this project continuing for counselling pandemic affected persons.ObjectivesThe counsellors are professional psychologists who were trained within the scope of the project. Sessions may be held in Russian or Ukrainian, according to the user’s choice.MethodsAnalysis of protocols of online counseling sessions and supervisions.Results The key and most frequent issues mentioned by the clients are loneliness, the loss of the sense of life, fear, uncertainty, anxiety, difficulties in family relations, in particular, with children, job insecurity, addictions, psychosomatic disorders and so others. They are closely related to the situation in the country (military operation, the division into “We” and “Other”, the risk of provocations, the cases of treason and personal revenge, threats to the family members of the military). The above issue is in potential clients’ inadequately high suspicion level (in some cases on the border of paranoid fantasies), which is manifested in the fear of the possible infringement of confidentiality, over-listening, surveillance, recording of talks etc.ConclusionsThe online counseling is the way to provide professional, accessible, free for the users and fully anonymous psychosocial care. Most frequent issues mentioned by the IDPs and the war affected population peoples has been indicated. When presenting the project service, the focus is always made on the high level of data protection and strict confidentiality.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Greater than the sum: Federated analyses in Alzheimer’s disease using the Human Brain Project Medical Informatics Platform (MIP)

AbstractBackgroundThe abundance of patient data collected during clinical routine is rarely harnessed towards progress in neuroscience. However, multimodal real‐life data may provide significant insights into pathophysiology, disease progression and prognosis, in particular in the field of Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the Medical Informatics Platform (MIP) within the Human Brain Project is to create an intuitive interface that allows remote computational analyses of clinical data stored in the respective medical centers.MethodThe concept of federated analyses refers to the statistical processing of physically separate and non‐aggregated data sets in a single user interface. The MIP interface provides advanced statistical approaches, remote data access and local user regulations. Authorized MIP users are able to test their hypotheses using a flexible portfolio of data sets, modalities and data processing tools.ResultAt the present stage, three memory clinics have contributed to the MIP: the Leenaards Memory Centre at the University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland; the University Hospital Lille Memory Centre, France; and the IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli di Brescia, Italy. The data sets contain demographic, neuropsychological and volumetric MRI data from 5154 individuals with subjective and mild cognitive impairment or dementia. The data include clinically probable Alzheimer's etiology according to CSF biomarkers. Proof‐of‐concept and validation analyses will be presented. Reference data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which can be downloaded by MIP users in accordance with ADNI rules, can be compared with the clinical data in the MIP.ConclusionFederated analyses such as afforded by the MIP within the Human Brain Project do not only allow novel scientific insights due to a substantial increase in sample size and cross‐validation, but also ensure a high level of data protection. The MIP has a considerable potential for discovery in clinical neuroscience.

Rethinking and Restructuring of the Rational Way of Data Sharing in Digital Economy: From the Perspective of Data Typing

The rapid development of digital economy in China has created a miracle of economic growth, at the same time, it also raises many legal problems. The economic rule of law is especially prominent. In essence, it involves the identification and attribution of various types of rights and interests related to data, as well as the justification of protection and the appropriateness of protection. China’s current judiciary and legislation pay enough attention to the core issues in the development of digital economy, data confirmation and protection, which provides a good system and operation environment for promoting the development of digital economy. At present, although the existing system design and practice in China, and related theoretical research results show that the relationship and the implementation between data protection and data sharing can be developed in accordance with the logic of private law that is universally applicable, which includes establishing the ownership of each type of data and practicing the private right logic of “behavior-legal interest” judgment based on tort liability law, intellectual property law and anti-unfair competition law. However, the existing research results and legal practice still show a relatively single and solidified state and mode, which fails to flexibly and effectively adapt to the real needs of mass and diversified data circulation and sharing under digital economy.With the rapid development of Internet platform economy and new business forms, the collection, storage, analysis and use of massive data by platform enterprises have brought challenges to the current legal system of market regulation, including improper collection and excessive collection of user data, and improper or illegal restrictions on the use of data by users and/or third party operators. Therefore, the promotion of data sharing has become the current digital economy in the development process of the urgent response to the practical requirements. To realize data sharing and ensure the synchronization of data protection and data sharing is not only an internal requirement of data operation law, but also an external demand to maintain the high-quality development of digital economy. High level of data protection is the only way to achieve efficient data sharing; at the time of realizing efficient data sharing, the construction of high level of data protection will be continuously stimulated. Therefore, under the guidance of the data sharing principle of “differentiated and equal”, the ownership structure based on “dynamic compatibility rights” is established. Different types of data can carry different subjects’ interest demands, while the same type of data can also carry different subjects’ interest demands. In this way, we can bridge the “high cost, low efficiency” of data sharing brought by the construction of private right model with static exclusive right as the core under the perspective of private law, and even bring the defects of potential anti-competitive risks.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БЛОКЧЕЙН-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ЕЛЕКТРОННОМУ УРЯДУВАННІ

У статті досліджено особливості впровадження технологій розподіленого реєстру в електронному урядуванні. Великі обсяги інформації потребують нових рішень і засобів її обробки. Технологія блокчейн дає змогу реалізовувати ці завдання, забезпечуючи високий рівень захисту даних і надійності проведення транзакцій. З’ясовано, що децентралізація, яка реалізується за допомогою блокчейн-технології, якісно впливає на зниження рівня бюрократії, підвищення рівня автоматизацій процесів та зростання довіри громадян до уряду. Установлено, що блокчейн-технологію все частіше використовують провідні держави світу для оптимізації надання послуг і скорочення економічних витрат на транзакції у сфері адміністрації та регулювання міжурядових відносин. Розглянуто приклади реалізації блокчейн-технології в різних країнах світу й механізми функціонування спільно з урядами цих держав. Визначено перспективи ведення концепції цифрового самоврядування у сфері державного управління. Виявлено основні переваги та призначення нової технології в трансформації електронного урядування. Упровадження системи розподіленого реєстру для уряду впливає на скорочення економічних витрат, часу та зниження ризиків хибної обробки інформації. У статті розкрито нові можливості, які пропонує технологія блокчейн для державних установ, зокрема швидко отримувати доступ до потрібних даних й одночасно обробляти великі обсяги інформації. Також технології блокчейн потенційно можуть використовуватися як інформаційна інфраструктура для обміну інформацією між державними адміністраціями. Однією з проблем упровадження блокчейну в урядові процеси є метод реалізації технології. Засоби її застосування не є цілком досконалими й багато зусиль, щоб державні структури змогли адаптуватися під нововведення та почати функціонувати в повному обсязі.

International Organizations and the EU General Data Protection Regulation

The importance of personal data processing for international organizations (‘IOs’) demonstrates the need for them to implement data protection in their work. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (‘GDPR’) will be influential around the world, and will impact IOs as well. Its application to them should be determined under relevant principles of EU law and public international law, and it should be interpreted consistently with the international obligations of the EU and its Member States. However, IOs should implement data protection measures regardless of whether the GDPR applies to them in a legal sense. There is a need for EU law and international law to take each other better into account, so that IOs can enjoy their privileges and immunities also with regard to EU law and avoid conflicts with international law, while still providing a high level of data protection in their operations.

The Law Enforcement Directive:

The Law Enforcement Directive (EU Directive 2016/680) has been heralded for its role in building a high level of data protection in criminal law. Data processed for ‘law enforcement purposes’ by ‘competent authorities’ must comply with principles of necessity, proportionality and legality, while ensuring appropriate safeguards in place for data subjects. However, there is ambiguity as to how the LED should work in practice due to several conceptual issues that the LED raises. This paper discusses three conceptual issues: consent, the categorisation of witnesses, suspects and victims, and the categorisation of facts versus opinions. Keywords: Law Enforcement Directive, Fundamental Rights, Consent, Law Enforcement Data, Directive 2016/680

The composition of a linked database on administrative healthcare and employment data in Austria

IntroductionIn Austria, healthcare and employment services are organized by different public entities. Therefore, administrative data are dispersed but share a common individual identifier. We present a linked dataset, matching individual information from both administrative ambits for Austria’s second largest province Lower Austria.
 MethodsThe linkage procedure is based on a previously published proof of concept [Endel et al. 2016, European Journal of Epidemiology 31, p. S49, DOI:10.1007/s10654-016-0183-1], which is applied on a larger scale for the first time. Utilizing the established link, selected variables are extracted from the respective sources and are merged on a shared infrastructure per project, thus preserving a high level of data protection and privacy.
 ResultsThe linked databases cover employment records from 2002 to 2016, including information on, e.g., earnings and education as well as claims data from the health insurance system for 2006 to 2011, including outpatient contacts, inpatient episodes, prescriptions and leaves of absence. Data quality analysis and an in-depth documentation of major characteristics such as diagnoses and medication are prepared.
 ConclusionThe resulting matched database provides the foundation for studying the coherence of burden of disease, healthcare services, employment, and earnings for a large population for several years.

International Organizations and the EU General Data Protection Regulation

The importance of personal data processing for international organizations (IOs) demonstrates the need for them to implement data protection in their work. The new EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will have considerable influence around the world, and will impact IOs as well. The application of the GDPR to IOs should be determined under relevant principles of EU law and public international law, and it should be interpreted consistently with the international obligations of the EU and its Member States. It is in the interest of IOs to implement data protection measures regardless of whether the GDPR applies to them in a legal sense. There is a need for the requirements of EU law and international law to take each other better into account, so that IOs can enjoy their privileges and immunities also with regard to EU law and avoid legal conflicts, while still providing a high level of data protection in their operations.

The Impact of Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the Processing of Personal Data by Competent Authorities for the Purposes of the Prevention, Investigation, Detection or Prosecution of Criminal Offences or the Execution of Criminal Penalties and on the Free Movement of Such Data on the Existing Privacy Regime

The intention of the EU parliament to ensure a high level of data protection while also ensuring that same does not inhibit the free flow of data in the realm of the investigation and prosecution of crime materialized into the adoption of Directive (EU) 2016/680 which will become applicable from 2018 repealing the Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA. This paper examines the changes that have been effected in the new Directive and how some of these provisions will play out on the Directive 95/46/EC being the general data protection directive which has been repealed by the Regulation (EU) 2016/679.The paper will also consider in some cases the relationship between the new Directive and the new Regulation. The Directive (EU) 2016/680 also provides for a lot of new data protection rules not existent under the previous regime. The effect/possible impact of these are discussed in this paper.

아웃소싱 데이터베이스에서 데이터 프라이버시 및 질의 무결성을 지원하는 공간 변환 기법

Due to the popularity of location-based services, the amount of generated spatial data in daily life has been dramatically increasing. Therefore, spatial database outsourcing has become popular for data owners to reduce the spatial database management cost. The most important consideration in database outsourcing is meeting the privacy requirements and guarantying the integrity of the query result. However, most of existing database transformation techniques do not support both of the data privacy and integrity of the query result. To solve this problem, we propose a spatial data transformation scheme that utilizes the shearing transformation with rotation shifting. In addition, we described the attack models to measure the data privacy of database transformation schemes. Finally, we demonstrated through the experimental evaluations that our scheme provides high level of data protection against different kinds of attack models, compared to the existing schemes, while guaranteeing the integrity of the query result sets.

Transborder data transfers: concepts, regulatory approaches and new legislative initiatives

Data protection rules are relatively new in legal history; nevertheless, during the last fifty years several new societal topics evidenced a need for extended legislative action. Amongst others, the special problems related to the transborder flow of data merit attention. From a comparative perspective, European regulations are quite advanced, setting a high level of data protection. In the United States and in Asia, the emphasis is more on self-regulatory approaches, but the increase in global data transfers also influences understandings in these areas. We live in an information society. Data are becoming more and more important in the business world as well as in private relations. Paul Schwartz refers to a ‘massive growth in the complexity and volume’ of transborder data flows, accompanied by a change in the nature of such transfers in that they, in fact, no longer constitute point-to-point transmissions, but ‘occur...

20 RemoteNEPS: data dissemination in a collaborative workspace

The German National Educational Panel Study has been set up to collect longitudinal data for educational research. About 60,000 target persons will be questioned and tested within six starting cohorts. This will generate a very large amount of data. Accordingly, one of the most important challenges is to provide comfortable and user-friendly data access that simultaneously allows a high level of data protection. A better infrastructure for research data has been under construction in Germany since the 1990s. Research Data Centers offer a broad range of ways to access data. The National Educational Panel Study is not only matching these common access ways but also developing a remote access solution, called RemoteNEPS. This Secure Data Access will enable users to work with the data from their own computer via a terminal server solution. The data itself will not leave the National Educational Panel Study secure environment. This setting gives the opportunity to provide detailed data to researchers while guaranteeing a high level of data security. As well as providing data security, the concept of RemoteNEPS can be expanded to higher levels of data utility. A community for educational research can be set up to support good scientific practice. Additionally, RemoteNEPS has the capability to handle the structure of the National Educational Panel Study data even after multiple waves or when matching new data from different sources.

Prediction and Load Balancing System for Distributed Storage

National Data Storage is a distributed data storage system intended to provide high quality backup, archiving and data access services. These services guarantee high level of data protection as well as high performance of data storing and retrieval by using replication techniques. Monitoring and data access prediction are necessary for successful deployment of replication. Common Mass Storage System Model (CMSSM) is used to present a storage performance view of storage nodes in unified way for monitoring and prediction purposes. %for heterogenios data storage systems. In this paper some conceptual and implementation details on using CMSSM for creating a Prediction and Load Balancing Subsystem for replica management are presented. Real system test results are also shown.

CORBA security services for health information systems

The structure of healthcare systems in developed countries is changing to ‘shared care’, enforced by economic constraints and caused by a change in the basic conditions of care. That development results in co-operative health information systems across the boundaries of organisational, technological, and policy domains. Increasingly, these distributed and, as far as their domains are concerned, heterogeneous systems are based on middleware approaches, such as CORBA. Regarding the sensitivity of personal and medical data, such open, distributed, and heterogeneous health information systems require a high level of data protection and data security, both with respect to patient information and with respect to users. This paper, relying on experience gained through our activities in CORBAmed, describes the possibilities the CORBA middleware provides to achieve application and communication security. On the background of the overall CORBA architecture, it outlines the different security services previewed in the adopted CORBA specifications which are discussed in the context of the security requirements of healthcare information systems. Security services required in the healthcare domain but not available at the moment are mentioned. A solution is proposed, which on the one hand allows to make use of the available CORBA security services and additional ones, on the other hand remains open to other middleware approaches, such as DHE or HL7.