Higher Knowledge Research Articles

Intention to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in health sciences students

Abstract Introduction HIV is a public health issue, and as such, there are currently programs for the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (PrEP) in various public institutions, with family physicians being one of the pillars to provide information and raise awareness among individuals at risk for HIV who wish to use these strategies. Objectives To determine the factors associated with the intention to use PrEP among university students in the healthcare field in the Veracruz-Boca del Río region. Methods A cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study was conducted from August 2023 to March 2024, including students from healthcare-related majors at universities in the Veracruz region. An instrument was used to assess the level of knowledge about PrEP (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.8), with scores ranging from 0 to 10. Students were invited to participate in this research at different faculties of health sciences. Results 508 subjects participated, with 299 (58.9%) females and 386 (76.0%) heterosexual; 65.9% had never heard the term ‘PrEP,’ and 12% learned it from social media. The intention to use PrEP was positive in 81.5% of subjects in case of becoming a high-risk person for acquiring HIV. The level of knowledge about PrEP showed a score of 2.2 (SD ± 2.6), with 3.7% having high knowledge, 10.2% having a passing grade, and 55.9% scoring above the median (1.4) of the group’s scores. No association was identified between gender identity, sexual orientation, academic characteristics, and sources of information with the intention to use PrEP (p > 0.05). Knowledge level above the median of 6 points showed an odds ratio of 2.95 (95% CI 1.03-8.3) for the intention to use PrEP (p < 0.05). Conclusions The level of knowledge increases the probability of the intention to use PrEP in young people, making it essential for the primary care physician to carry out this training and awareness activity within their daily interactions with young patients. Key messages • It is essential to generate education programs on Prep for the population, as this will favor informed decision making on the use of these medicines in case they are required. • It is necessary to provide people with general information about Prep, since despite the existence of active programs for its distribution, most people have never heard anything about this drug scheme.

Climate-Resilient Horticulture: Adapting to Climate Change through Innovative Practices and Technologies

Climate change is a serious threat to horticulture as it will increase temperatures, cause unpredictable rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events that will affect crop yields, quality, and overall agricultural sustainability. Climate-resilient horticulture uses cutting-edge technologies and equipment to overcome these obstacles. Developing crop varieties that are resistant to heat, drought, and salt is a key strategy to make plants more resilient to adverse conditions. To conserve water and guarantee a constant supply of moisture, advanced water management techniques such as drip irrigation and rainwater collection are crucial. Climate adaptation is aided by soil management techniques that increase soil fertility and health, such as conservation tillage and organic amendments. Technological advancements such as precision horticulture enable farmers to optimize inputs and reduce waste, while controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems, including greenhouses, hydroponics, allow cultivation of crops in regulated environments, reducing external climate impacts. Additionally, genetic engineering and biotechnology offer promising solutions to develop crops with increased climate resilience. Despite the potential of these innovations, challenges such as high costs, knowledge barriers, and policy constraints must be addressed for widespread adoption. This summary underscores the need to integrate these strategies to secure the future of horticulture in a changing climate, ultimately contributing to global food security and agricultural sustainability.

Proficiency in Personalized Medicine and Health Data Sharing in the EU

Abstract Personalized medicine, leveraging genetic, environmental, and lifestyle data, has already transformed healthcare by tailoring prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to individual patients. The successful development and implementation of personalized approaches rely on the public’s proficiency and awareness of personalized medicine, enabling access to innovative techniques and fostering a willingness to share health-related data. We distributed a survey to 6,581 respondents from 8 EU countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Hungary, and Romania. 52.5% of respondents were female (n = 3,458), with a mean age of 48.5 years (range 18-89 years, median = 49 years, SD = 15.96), and 37.91% of the participants reported achieving tertiary education. Our survey investigates the general public’s knowledge of personalized medicine, support for genetic testing, and willingness to share health data among EU citizens while assessing their perception and acceptance of these medical paradigms. Knowledge levels vary among different EU countries. Only 12.11% of respondents had a high knowledge of the topics presented in this survey. Support for implementing genetic testing in healthcare was high, with 81.52% supporting the implementation of genetic testing in their healthcare systems, and nuanced differences in acceptance were observed based on testing purposes. 52.35% reported willingness to share health data. Both support for implementing genetic testing and the willingness to share health data correlated positively with knowledge and education levels. Geographical differences within the EU highlighted variations in attitudes toward personalized medicine and data sharing, with respondents from Southern Europe displaying higher odds than their peers in Central and Eastern Europe. The results emphasize the need for targeted communication and education strategies to enhance public understanding and trust in personalized medicine and health data sharing. Key messages • High support for genetic testing across the EU highlights the need for enhanced public education on personalized medicine to boost understanding and data sharing willingness. • Geographical differences in attitudes toward personalized medicine in the EU suggest targeted strategies to build trust and knowledge, particularly in Central Europe.

The Relation Between "Main Business Area” And "Job Satisfaction" In Terms Of Doctors And Nurses In Türkiye

High expectations, which been sourced from high challenging skills, high level knowledge and to be hardworking, make healthcare staffs highly separated in work environment. The study was aimed to show whether there is difference between working in corporation in which “Main Business Area” (MBA) is healthcare services and is not healthcare services in terms of job satisfaction of doctors and nurses in Türkiye. The study was made up as “Descriptive” and “Cross-Sectional”, based on survey and literature. Hypothesis was tested though “Job Satisfaction Scale Turkish Version” (JSS) which created by Spector (1994) and prepared Turkish version by Yelboğa (2009). 9 Facet out of JSS were evaluated with 4 items for each, total score was calculated through 36 items. “SPSS” was used for evaluating of statistics. Independent Samples t-Test was used for analyzing of hypothesis. While study population consists of doctors and nurses in Türkiye, 258 Participant completed JSS out of 844 population who were sampled through Convenience Sampling and Snowball Sampling. While 147 of all participants were descripted their job in healthcare “MBA” (HMBA), 111 participants were outside. There was a significant difference between two groups in terms of Total Job Satisfaction Means. There was not significant difference between two groups in terms of Pay, Promotion and Fringe Benefits, though there was in terms of Supervision, Contingent Rewards, Operating Conditions, Coworkers, Nature of Work and Communication. As a result; doctors and nurses are openly dissatisfied which work outside HMBA like medical facilities of military or industrial corporations, in Türkiye.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Rural Households in Bojnourd, Iran Regarding the Fleas

Background and Objectives: Fleas are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans and animals, and their importance in general human health is mostly related to their ability to transmit infectious pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of rural households in Bojnourd, North Khorasan Province of Iran, regarding the fleas. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from May to November 2020. The study population consisted of rural household members from 11 villages in Bojnourd City. The data were collected using a researcher-made KAP questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 20 using t-test and ANOVA. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Of 408 participants, 209 (51.23%) were female and 199 (48.77%) were male. Most of them were in the age group of 21-30 years (37.01%), and less in the age group above 41 years (11.27%)., and were employed (n=109, 26.71%). A significant difference was observed in KAP score based on gender, age, educational level, and occupation (P<0.05). The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice were 75.38%, 53.6% and 49.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The rural households in Bojnourd has a high knowledge of fleas, but their attitude and practice are low. Therefore, appropriate training programs are necessary to improve their attitude and practice

Citizen Science and Multimedia Didactic Resources: Knowledge of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in an Urban Area of Southwestern Colombia

Citizen science resources have had great relevance in community educational intervention, fostering interest in ecological research projects. This study investigated the influence of the application of multimedia didactic resources focused on citizen science and analysis of sociodemographic variables to improve the levels of ecological knowledge about mosquito-borne diseases. For this, a probabilistic sample of 172 participants from an urban sector in southwestern Colombia was selected. A multimedia didactic material was designed for the educational intervention and evaluated by means of pretest and posttest. To assess whether the educational intervention was statistically significant, the data were processed with statistical inference to determine the influence of various variables (gender, age, marital status, schooling, and occupation) on each person’s ecological knowledge. The findings showed a significant increase in the knowledge levels of the participants. The marital status variable (married and cohabiting) significantly influenced ecological knowledge. These participants are more likely to obtain high knowledge, associated with the prevention of their family environment. This study demonstrated that multimedia didactic strategies are an important factor to take into account in the structuring of environmental education and citizen science projects. For future research, it is suggested to deepen the relationship between sociodemographic variables and ecological knowledge.

Strengthening anthrax outbreak response and preparedness: simulation and stakeholder education in Namisindwa district, Uganda

BackgroundAnthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that poses a significant threat to both human health and livestock. Effective preparedness and response to anthrax outbreak at the district level is essential to mitigate the devastating impact of the disease to humans and animals. The current diseaae surveillance in animals and humans uses two different infrastructure systems with online platform supported by established diagnostic facilities. The differences in surveillance systems affect timely outbreak response especially for zoonotic diseases like anthrax. We therefore aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a simulation exercise for a potential anthrax outbreak in a local government setting and to raise the suspicion index of different district stakeholders for a potential anthrax outbreak in Namisindwa District, Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a field-based simulation exercise and a health education intervention using quantitative data collection methods. The study participants mainly members of the District Taskforce (DTF) were purposively selected given their role(s) in disease surveillance and response at the sub-national level. We combined 26 variables (all dichotomized) assessing knowledge on anthrax and knowledge on appropriate outbreak response measures into an additive composite index. We then dichotomized overall score based on the 80% blooms cutoff i.e. we considered those scoring at least 80% to have high knowledge, otherwise low. We then assessed the factors associated with knowledge using binary logistic regression with time as a proxy for the intervention effect. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence intervals (95%CI) have been reported.ResultsThe overall district readiness score was 35.0% (24/69) and was deficient in the following domains: coordination and resource mobilization (5/16), surveillance (5/11), laboratory capacity (3/10), case management (4/7), risk communications (4/12), and control measures (4/13). The overall community readiness score was 7 out of 32 (22.0%). We noted poor scores of readiness in all domains except for case management (2/2). The knowledge training did not have an effect on the overall readiness score, but improved specific domains such as control measures. Instead tertiary education was the only independent predictor of higher knowledge on anthrax and how to respond to it (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.07–2.31). Training did not have a significant association with overall knowledge improvement but had an effect on several individual knowledge aspects.ConclusionWe found that the district’s preparedness to respond to a potential anthrax outbreak was inadequate, especially in coordination and mobilisation, surveillance, case management, risk communication and control measures. The health education training intervention showed increased knowledge levels compared to the pre-test and post-test an indicator that the health education sessions could increase the index of suspicion. The low preparedness underscores the urgency to strengthen anthrax preparedness in the district and could have implications for other districts. We deduce that trainings of a similar nature conducted regularly and extensively would have better effects. This study’s insights are valuable for improving anthrax readiness and safeguarding public and animal health in similar settings.

Multifaceted Exploration of Public Awareness, Government Perspectives, and Community Attitudes Toward HIV.

The purpose of this research is to quantify the knowledge of students about HIV, social media contribution, and their satisfaction with the government and society's acceptance of HIV patients. A cross-sectional survey of 579 participants was conducted at Punjab University, University of Peshawar, Karachi University, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences University, and Quaid-i-Azam University. Student self-administered surveys included demographics, knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and PLWHA acceptability. The response rate was 96.5%. The four variables are knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and HIV patient acceptance. The knowledge score in married males (Beta=-0.075) and married females (Beta=-0.022), government satisfaction in married males (Beta=0.087) and females (-0.412), social media rumors in married males (Beta=-0.125) and married female (Beta=-0.301, and HIV acceptance in society married male -0.301 and married female 0.07. the knowledge and government satisfaction, score showed that males had higher knowledge about HIV than married females. Married women say HIV acceptability in society is strong, whereas men believe social media spreads less misinformation. Similarly, there is a negative correlation between government satisfaction social media rumors (-0.687**) and HIV acceptance in society (-0.687**). HIV acceptance has a strong correlation with knowledge (0.711**) and social media rumors (0.727**). The p<0.001 indicates that there is a significant correlation. Sufficient knowledge and the positive role of social media, effective government contributions to eradicate HIV, and more awareness and knowledge can significantly change the attitude of the community toward PLWHA.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia: a latent class analysis

BackgroundDespite evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major challenge for vaccine uptake. The objective of this study was to classify latent typologies of vaccine hesitant adults in Ethiopia and identify predictors of the latent classes.MethodsWe employed a cross-sectional household survey among 1,112 individuals aged 18 and above who were partially vaccinated (one dose) or not vaccinated at the time of the survey. Data was collected in August 2022. We collected information on participant socio-demographics, COVID-19 knowledge, prevention practices, disease history, and vaccine hesitancy. Latent class analysis was used to classify individuals into categories of vaccine hesitancy. We conducted multinomial logistic regression to test the associations between latent typologies and different demographic and COVID-19 related characteristics of study participants.ResultsUsing latent class analysis we found a four-class solution for vaccine hesitancy typologies. The identified classes were strong vaccine acceptors (30%); vaccine acceptors with some concerns (7%); vaccine sceptics (13%); and vaccine rejectors (50%). In adjusted models with vaccine sceptics as the referent group, those with high COVID-19 vaccine knowledge were significantly more likely to belong to the strong vaccine acceptors class compared to those with low vaccine knowledge (adj. RRR: 17.36, 95% CI: 10.94–27.55). Better COVID-19 prevention practices were also significantly associated with belonging to the vaccine acceptors with some concerns class than the vaccine sceptics class (adj. RRR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09–4.16). Those who had one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly more likely to belong in the vaccine acceptors class than the vaccine sceptics class compared to those who had no dose (adj. RRR: 6.82, 95% CI: 3.06–15.21).ConclusionsHalf of the study participants were in the vaccine rejectors class. Individuals in the vaccine sceptics and rejector classes evidenced lower vaccine knowledge and worse COVD-19 prevention practices and were less likely to have been partially vaccinated. Future program interventions should focus on improving knowledge around the vaccine, decrease rumors and misconceptions, and target individuals who may be more amenable to changing their vaccination attitudes or behaviors like vaccine sceptics or acceptors with some concerns.

Knowledge, practices,and barriers to access of emergency contraceptive pills in married women and men:a multicenter clinic-based cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan.

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are significantly underutilized in many parts of the world, especially in South-Asia. Within Pakistan, despite the population surge, the utilization of ECPs remains alarmingly low. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding ECPs amongst married women and men in Karachi, Pakistan and the possible barriers hindering access to and use of these contraceptives. A multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Interviews were conducted with participants using validated questionnaire involving different sections on demographics, knowledge, practices, and barriers to ECP use. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages while continuous variables were characterized using mean and standard deviation. A chi-square test of variance was used for association between knowledge scores and different categorical values. A p-value of < 0.05 at 95% CI was statistically significant. Over half of the respondents (52.5%) were not using any method of contraception. 11.1% of respondents had used ECP at some point in their life. 337 (85.8%) participants had low knowledge, 55 (14%) had moderate while only 1 (0.25%) had high knowledge regarding ECPs. There was no significant association of knowledge scores with gender, age, employment status or parity. However, participants who had received counseling for family planning in the past or had previously used ECPs had significantly higher knowledge regarding ECPs. A majority 58% (221) of the participants expressed concerns about the potential side effects and 128 (33.9%) of them believed that ECPs were in contradiction to their religious and moral values. Our study in Karachi, Pakistan, highlights critical challenges in ECP awareness, utilization, and family planning. Although the results show improved ECP usage than studies previously done in Pakistan, there is a further need to increase the reach of ECPs through a variety of methods. Persistent myths and misconceptions and a severe lack of awareness further hinders their use.

Perception of Women Towards Investment in Different Investment Alternatives

Women are empowered to take active participation in investment activities through financial education and an inclusive investment environment. Several alternatives to investing are available, including mutual funds, real estate, precious metals, savings accounts, and stocks, which offer potential returns through regular income or capital appreciation. Investment alternatives are differentiated by their unique features, risks, returns, and ease of management. Investors, before investing, must take these features into account in relation to their risk tolerance, goals, and time horizon when considering any particular alternative. As women are recognized for making risk-averse investment decisions, their investments are impacted by numerous factors. The primary goal of this study is to understand the investment perception of women towards different investment alternatives. While the main factors influencing investment decisions are return, risk, and liquidity, several other factors specifically influence women investors, such as social and cultural norms, peers, and family members. Primary data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire consisting of Likert scale questions. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The initial results of the survey showed that 70% of the respondents had an average understanding of different investment options, whereas only 5% had high knowledge of different investment alternatives. When it comes to interest in a particular investment, mutual funds are the most preferred alternative. Additionally, 72% of women respondents show a moderate level of risk tolerance among all respondents in the study.

Factors influencing human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among parents and teachers of schoolgirls in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionCervical cancer is a highly prevalent disease among women worldwide. However, the advent of a vaccine against HPV, the main cause of the disease, has prevented its spread. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine to different sectors of the Saudi community has yet to be clarified. Since parents and teachers are major influencers in the decision-making process of vaccination for HPV, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of teachers and parents toward cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV vaccine, and unraveled the factors that would influence recommending the vaccine.MethodsA cross sectional study was done among 927 individuals (373 teachers and 356 parents). A newly developed validated questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and factors influencing cervical cancer, HPV, HPV vaccine. The relationship between different factors with knowledge and attitude were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOf the study participants, 94% were females, with a median (Interquartile range) age of 38(31–44) years, 12.2% were teachers, 38.7% were parents and 49.1% were parents and teachers. The majority (78.5%) were married, and 75.6% had at least one child. Among those with children, 88.6% had at least one girl, and among those with girls, 72.2% had at least one girl aged between 10 and 18 years. The total median (IQR) knowledge score was 9 [(−5)–(−26)] and the total median (IQR) attitude score was 49 (43–56). The knowledge score significantly increased by receiving postgraduate education, working in the health or education sectors, if a person knew someone diagnosed with cervical cancer, having girls in the age group of 10–18 years, reading about medical issues or having previously heard about the HPV vaccine. The attitude score significantly increased by high knowledge score and decreased if the person has previously diagnosed with cervical cancer.ConclusionPhysician’s recommendation and the amount of information on the HPV vaccine, opinions about vaccines in general, and government decrees are the main factors influencing decision on HPV vaccine Uptake. This study emphasizes the role of healthcare providers, awareness of cervical cancer, HPV and its vaccine, and social status, in favoring vaccine uptake in Saudi Arabia.

The Relationship of the Level of Nutritional Knowledge and Fat Intake to Cholesterol Levels in PT Employees Bolaang Mongondow District Tourism Management

Background: The quality of human resources is the main factor required for the successful implementation of business in the company. Labour productivity has a very important role in the development of human resources in the company. Empirical evidence shows that the quality of human resources can be determined by good nutritional status, and good nutritional status is determined by nutritional knowledge, the amount of food intake consumed and a person's physical activity. Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge and cholesterol levels and fat intake among employees of PT Tata Wisata JRBM Bakan, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Study Design: This type of research is analytical with a cross sectional approach. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at PT. Bakan Village Tourism Arrangement, Bolaang Mongondow Regency in November 2023. Methods: The population in this study were all employees of PT. Tata Wisata – JRBM Bakan Regency. Bolaang Mongondow aged 20-49 years, a total of 49 people. The samples in this study were 33 samples which were determined using the Slovin formula.Data collection was obtained from measuring cholesterol levels, fat intake using a 24-hour food recall form and nutritional knowledge by giving questionnaires to the sample. Results: The results of research and data analysis of a large sample with high category nutritional knowledge were 20 samples (60.6%). The fat intake of most samples was in the category above requirements for 18 samples (33%). Most of the cholesterol levels were at the threshold of high cholesterol levels in 14 samples (42.4%) and high cholesterol in 4 samples (12.1%). There is no relationship between nutritional knowledge and fat intake with a p value of (0.629). There is a relationship between fat intake and cholesterol levels with a p value (0.000). There is no relationship between nutritional knowledge and cholesterol levels with a p value of (0.882). From this research it can be concluded that of the 3 variables tested, namely nutritional knowledge, cholesterol levels and fat intake, only fat intake and cholesterol levels have a relationship.

Psychological correlates of aesthetic development in Iranian culture

Why is it that some find art a prickly puzzle, others a yawning expanse, while others dive into its depths with vibrant joy? Some theorists have tried to quantify this diversity of art viewership. Famously, Housen made the case for five stages of aesthetic development: (a) accountive, (b) constructive, (c) classifying, (d) interpretive, and (e) re-creative. Here, we developed and validated a 17-item measure of aesthetic development that captures these stages. In a sample from Iran (N = 917), we showed how people’s scores on these stages correlate with personality traits and other art-related constructs. Specifically, we found that individuals with higher knowledge about art and more training in the arts tend to be at a more advanced stage of aesthetic development. People who score high on openness to experience also scored higher on more advanced aesthetic development stages. These results have implications for the quantitative studies of art and aesthetics in diverse cultures.

Prior knowledge and new learning: An experimental study of domain-specific knowledge.

It is commonly claimed that higher domain knowledge enhances new learning-the knowledge-is-power hypothesis. However, a recent meta-analysis (Simonsmeier et al., 2022) has challenged this idea, finding no overall relationship between prior knowledge and new learning across hundreds of highly variable effect sizes. The authors note that this variability and lack of randomized controlled experiments preclude broad claims regarding the influence of prior knowledge on learning. The present study (conducted in 2020) provides an experimental assessment of the causal effect of prior domain knowledge on new learning. Participants were randomly assigned to receive training in one of two academic domains over 3 days before learning new information about topics in both domains for a later test. Training was specific to three of four topics within that domain, allowing the untrained topic in the trained domain to act as a measure of new learning in that domain. New learning, measured as final test performance or knowledge gains, did not differ between the high and low domain knowledge conditions. Experimentally induced prior domain knowledge did not affect new learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Knowledge of the risks of ultraviolet radiation, sun exposure attitudes and practices among Lebanese university students

BackgroundExposure to Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major risk factor for skin cancer. Data about UVR risk knowledge and exposure behaviors in the Lebanese population are scarce. AimTo evaluate the association between UVR risks knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Lebanese university students in the aim of promoting primary prevention of skin cancer. MethodsWe conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study between January and March 2022. An online survey was sent to Saint Joseph University students in Lebanon consisting of 5 sections: sociodemographic data, skin and health status, UVR exposure and protection behaviors, attitudes towards exposure and risks’ knowledge. Descriptive analysis was conducted, in addition to bivariate analysis and logistic regression with sunburn and sunbathing as outcomes respectively. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. ResultsA total of 385 students responded to our questionnaire with a mean age of 23.59. 62.1 % reported at least one episode of sunburn during the last summer. The most common sun protective measure was sunscreen application; however, its frequency wasn’t satisfactory considering the high knowledge level of UVR risks. The most frequent barrier into applying sunscreen was its expensive price (42.4 %). Furthermore, positive attitudes towards tanning, particularly among women, and sunbathing were high. 75.1 % of students sunbathed for at least one day. ConclusionLebanese university students are aware of the risks of UVR risks; however, sunburn and sunbathing are common and protective behaviors are often not applied. Future awareness campaigns for skin cancer and promotion of sun safety are necessary.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices for Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Primary Healthcare Physicians in Georgia.

A nationwide serosurvey among adults in 2021 showed a 2.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%-3.4%) prevalence of hepatitis B. Our analysis evaluates knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among primary healthcare physicians (PHPs) in Georgia. We randomly selected 550 PHPs from medical facilities in Georgia's six largest cities. Using bivariate ordinal regression, we assessed the association of socio-demographic factors with an ordinal knowledge score (low/middle/high). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CI to determine associations between HBV knowledge score and practices. Of 550 selected PHPs, 506 (92.0%) agreed to participate. Among them, 62.8% scored in the medium or high knowledge tertiles, 72.7% were confident in diagnosing HBV infection, 37.3% were confident in managing patients with hepatitis B; 47.4% reported being screened for and 26.2% reported being vaccinated against HBV infection. Compared to those with low knowledge scores, PHPs with a high score were less likely to recommend activities not supported by evidence, such as: the use of 'hepatoprotective' medications (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.73), caesarean sections (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.82) and withholding breastfeeding (aOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.96) to prevent HBV transmission. The majority of PHPs were confident in diagnosing HBV infection, but only one in three were confident in managing patients with hepatitis B. PHPs with higher HBV knowledge were less likely to provide inaccurate instructions to their patients. These findings will help to develop awareness and education campaigns supporting HBV elimination in Georgia.

Eager or passive? Decoding potential consumer profiles based on knowledge and perceptions regarding organic food products

Organic food-choice behaviour has gained paramount interest from researchers and marketers due to the growing inclination of consumers towards healthy and sustainable lifestyles. With regard to India, despite being a leading producer and exporter of organic products, its domestic market is still in nascent stages of evolution. To overcome the underlying attitude-intention-behaviour gap in such emerging markets, it is imperative to identify targetable segments based on factors that are relevant to these markets. The present study makes a novel attempt at segmenting potential organic consumers based on their knowledge and perceptions regarding organic products. Robust analytical procedures, including a two-stage cluster analysis and multiple discriminant analysis, were employed to draw consumer profiles based on a sample of 608 Indian consumers. The analysis resulted in four mutually exclusive segments, which exhibited significant heterogeneity with respect to various clustering and profiling variables, namely actual and perceived knowledge regarding organic products, price and availability perceptions, trust in organic products, and purchase intention. The aware enthusiasts displayed high knowledge, while both the aware and unaware enthusiasts exhibited favourable organic perceptions and high purchase intention and behaviour. The sceptics had positive perceptions but displayed a lack of trust in organic sellers and regulatory frameworks. The laggards exhibited the least favourable perceptions and had the lowest intention and purchase behaviour. The study identifies potential target segments of organic consumers and throws light on how consumers construe organic food products. Furthermore, marketing strategies are recommended to tap these segments, considering the core characteristics specific to each segment.

Ontology-Based Landslide Knowledge Representation and Hazard Assessment Research

The occurrence of landslides is characterized by suddenness and unpredictability, with many complex relationships among various influencing factors. This study, by introducing the ontology of knowledge engineering, summarizes the characteristics of landslide knowledge and constructs a multidisciplinary, multi-level, and multi-perspective ontology of the landslide domain. Through in-depth analysis of existing landslide research systems and methods, the study defines the basic concepts, attributes, and their complex relationships and rules related to landslides. This research expresses landslide knowledge using the Web Ontology Language (OWL), enabling effective storage and retrieval of landslide knowledge, thus promoting the systematization and standardization of knowledge in the landslide domain. Furthermore, leveraging the high knowledge density feature of the constructed landslide domain ontology, this study extends traditional landslide evaluation and prediction methods by introducing more evaluation indicators based on the constructed landslide ontology. The comprehensive evaluation of landslide risk is conducted using the contribution-weighting method, providing new insights and tools for landslide risk management and decision-making.

Determining Adults' Attitudes towards Cancer Screening, Information Load, and Mythical Causes of Cancer.

To determine the attitudes of adults presenting to primary care services toward cancer screening, information overload, and mythical causes of cancer. Descriptive and correlational type study. The research was conducted face-to-face with 702 adults. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening, Cancer Information Overload Scale, and Cancer Awareness Measure Mythical Causes Scale, and evaluated using multivariate analysis of variance. It was determined that adults with chronic diseases, who did not have sufficient information about cancer, who did not have cancer screening, and who thought that cancer was a disease that could not be prevented, had low scores on attitudes towards cancer screening. It was found that adults who were male, literate, had no cancer screening and thought that cancer was an unpreventable disease had a high cancer knowledge burden. Adults who thought that cancer was an unpreventable disease and did not know the causes of cancer had a high rate of mythical causes of cancer. It was determined that adults' attitudes toward cancer screening were negative, information overload was moderate, and awareness was at a low level. Health promotion and promotion strategies should be developed to increase cancer screening and awareness for these groups, public awareness campaigns should be organized, and evidence-based structured interventions should be implemented. These recommended practices can positively influence adults' attitudes towards cancer screening, enable them to manage cancer information effectively, and help them understand the proven causes of cancer.