Higher Interleukin-6 Research Articles

Correlation between Myeloperoxidase and Interleukin-6 of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Thi-Qar Governorate

Abstract This research aimed to detect the relationship between Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The present study has been conducted on a number of healthy people and patients. Group A: 84 patients Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (mild, mod and sever) with high blood pressure [47 male, 37 female] and age range (40 - 65). Group B: control group, consist of 64 healthy people [33 male, 31 female] and age range (40 - 65). The findings from the current research indicated a notable rise in levels of serum MPO and serum IL-6 among patient groups when compared with the control group (P≤0.05). Results indicated that there was a positive correlation between MPO with IL-6 in patients with OSAS. OSA patients show high serum myeloperoxidase and serum interleukin-6 concentrations, which signal heightened systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. These factors, part of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease are important risk predictors to measure in OSA patients: this can be helpful for early diagnosis of the disease.

A diagnostic index for predicting heart rate variability decline and prognostic value in newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer patients

BackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) is an important marker of autonomic nervous system function and cardiovascular health. Holter monitoring is a crucial method for evaluating HRV, but the procedure and result analysis are relatively complex. This study aims to develop a simplified diagnostic index for predicting HRV decline in newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and evaluate its prognostic value.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 131 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. Baseline characteristics were compared between normal HRV group and declined HRV group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified significant predictors of HRV decline. A diagnostic index was developed based on resting heart rate (RHR), serum sodium, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and externally validated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assessed the prognostic value of the index.ResultsPatients with declined HRV had higher median RHR (84 b.p.m. vs. 70 b.p.m., p < 0.001), lower serum sodium (136.3 mmol/L vs. 138.7 mmol/L, p < 0.001), lower serum albumin (39 g/L vs. 41 g/L, p = 0.031), higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (202 U/L vs. 182 U/L, p = 0.010), and higher IL-6 (11.42 pg/ml vs. 5.67 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified RHR (OR = 3.143, p = 0.034), serum sodium (OR = 6.806, p < 0.001), and IL-6 (OR = 3.203, p = 0.033) as independent predictors of HRV decline. The diagnostic index, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.849, effectively predicted HRV decline. ROC analysis of the external validation data demonstrated an AUC of 0.788. Survival analysis showed that patients with a diagnostic index > 2 had significantly worse overall survival (log-rank p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe study identified key clinical parameters that predict HRV decline in newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. The developed diagnostic index, based on RHR, serum sodium, and IL-6, effectively stratifies patients by HRV status and has significant prognostic value, aiding in early identification and management of high-risk patients.

The proinflammatory status, based on preoperative interleukin-6, predicts postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis and associated postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Early predictors of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) can guide tailored postoperative management. Preoperative inflammatory data in patients who underwent PD remained poorly studied in investigating the clinical significance of predicting postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (PPAP) and PPAP-associated postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). The clinical data of 467 patients receiving PD between January 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative inflammatory data were stratified according to PPAP, and independent risk factors were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to compare risk factors of PPAP-associated POPF and non-PPAP-associated POPF. PPAP occurred in 17.6% of patients. The incidence of other complications increased following PPAP. Among the preoperative inflammatory factors, only interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased (P<0.001), leading to a higher incidence of PPAP and POPF (P<0.001; P=0.002). The area under the curve of IL-6 in predicting PPAP was 0.71 (0.65-0.77; P<0.001). Abnormal preoperative IL-6 levels (odds ratio [OR]: 5.01; P<0.001), soft pancreatic texture (OR: 2.15; P=0.007), and pathology (OR: 2.03; P=0.012) were independent risk factors for PPAP. The subgroup analysis showed that increased IL-6 (OR: 1.01; P=0.006) and soft pancreatic texture (OR: 2.05; P=0.033) resulted in a higher risk of PPAP-associated POPF, while increased IL-8 (OR: 1.01; P=0.007), older age (OR: 1.05; P=0.008), and higher body mass index (OR: 1.12; P=0.021) correlated with non-PPAP-associated POPF. PPAP is common after PD; a high preoperative IL-6 level can predict its occurrence, in addition to associated POPF, which could be due to a preoperative proinflammatory status.

CNSC-42. PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF INTERLEUKIN-6 IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in the invasiveness and progression of glioma. However, the association between serum IL-6 levels at specific time points during treatment and patient prognosis remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the prognostic value of IL-6 measured at milestones in the treatment of patients with glioblastoma. Between January 2021 and December 2022, consecutive patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were enrolled. Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured at different time points, including preoperative, pre- and post-radiation period, and two-month intervals thereafter. Patients with incomplete data were excluded, and increase of IL-6 values due to the overlapping with systemic infection were also excluded from the analysis. During the study period, 26 patients and 270 IL-6 levels at different time points were evaluated. The median follow-up time was 11 months. Tumor progression was evident in 19 patients (73.1%) and 13 patients (50%) were expired. Preoperative and pre-radiation IL-6 values were available in 20 and 23 patients with the median 5.25 and 4.5 pg/mL, respectively. With the cut-off value of pre-radiation IL-6 at 4.5 pg/mL, high IL-6 group showed significantly worse progression-free survival and overall survival than low IL-6 group (p = 0.027 and 0.008, respectively). However, IL-6 levels at other milestone were not related to the patient prognosis. Serum IL-6 elevation in pre-radiation period is an unfavorable prognostic factor in tumor progression and patient survival. Further research is necessary to validate the prognostic role of IL-6 and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Profile of Cytokines and T Cell Subsets Transcription Factors in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Viral Encephalitis.

This study investigates the demographic, clinical characteristics, virological profiles, and immunological responses of patients with viral encephalitis (VE) compared with a control group. The VE group displayed a wide range of neurological symptoms. Virological analysis revealed the predominance of Herpesviridae family viruses. Immune responses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with VE were examined, highlighting an immunological shift toward T helper 1 (Th1) cells dominance, altered T helper 17 cells/regulatory T cells (Th17/Tregs) balance, and high interleukin-6 expression. These findings provide insights into the complex immunological landscape of VE, highlighting the role of specific cytokines and T cell subsets in its pathogenesis and potentially guiding targeted therapeutic strategies.

Blood-based inflammatory markers in female infertility: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis

Investigate causal associations between blood-based inflammatory markers and female infertility using Mendelian Randomisation (MR). MR using Genome-Wide-Association-Study data. Large female-only cohorts of European ancestry. Blood-based inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ). Anovulatory infertility (1054 cases and 117,098 controls); female infertility of other/unspecified origin (5,667 cases and 117,098 controls); and medical treatment for female infertility (2,706 cases and 120,873 controls). Total causal effects were assessed using univariable two-sample methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary analysis, as well as other secondary analyses (Mendelian Randomisation-Egger (MRE), weighted median (WMe), etc.), with relevant quality assessments. Interleukin-8 demonstrated a positive association with anovulatory infertility via IVW (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.51 [1.04, 2.21], p=0.032) and WMe (1.64 [1.05, 2.57], p=0.028) methods. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was associated with anovulatory infertility via MRE (2.06 [1.13, 3.77], p=0.038). Inverse associations were found for interleukins-12 and -18 via IVW, with higher interleukin-12 being associated with lower medical treatment for female infertility (0.75 [0.59, 0.94], p=0.013), while higher interleukin-18 was associated with lower female infertility of other/unspecified origin (0.90 [0.83, 0.97], p=0.008). This is the first study to examine causal relationships between inflammation and female infertility using MR. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 are implicated in anovulatory infertility; however, only the relationship with interleukin-8 was evident in the primary analysis. Interleukins-12 and -18 demonstrated inverse associations with infertility outcomes. Further research is needed to uncover the mechanistic functions of these markers to confirm causality and examine their therapeutic potential for female infertility.

The Role of Interleukin-8 in the Estimation of Responsiveness to Steps 1 and 2 of Periodontal Therapy.

To investigate the association between interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and total oral fluid (TOF) and the responsiveness to steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy. One-hundred and fifty-nine patients affected by periodontitis received steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy. At baseline, TOF and GCF samples were collected and analysed for IL-8 (Il-8TOF/IL-8GCF) using flow cytometry. Therapy outcomes were relative proportions of residual periodontal pockets (PPD%), pocket closure (PC) rates and pocket probing depth (PPD) reductions; these were associated with IL-8TOF/IL-8GCF. High IL-8TOF was significantly associated with higher residual PPD% (p = 0.044) and lower PPD reduction compared to low IL-8TOF (high 0.79 ± 1.20 mm vs. low 1.20 ± 1.20 mm, p < 0.001) in non-smokers, while in smokers high IL-8GCF was related to lower PPD reduction (high 0.62 ± 1.22 mm vs. low 0.84 ± 1.12 mm, p = 0.009). Furthermore, high baseline IL-8TOF was significantly associated with poorer PC rates compared to medium and low concentrations in both non-smokers (high 41% vs. medium 55% vs. low 58%, p < 0.001) and smokers (high 34% vs. medium 44% vs. low 46%, p < 0.001). High IL-8 concentrations at baseline had a significant impact on residual PPD%, PC rates and PPD reduction. The findings suggest that, especially in non-smokers, baseline IL-8 levels collected from the TOF could serve as a component in the estimation of responsiveness to steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy.

Decreased Insulin and Interleukin-6 Levels in Rattus Norvegicus Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Insulin Resistance Treated with a High Protein Diet

Hypercaloric in women of childbearing age is one of the causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance. Increased inflammation (tumor factor necrosis-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) is the impact of endocrine and metabolic disorders involved due to metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This study aims to evaluate whether a high-protein diet can reduce insulin and interleukin-6 levels, which are key indicators of polycystic ovary syndrome, and whether these changes can help in the treatment of the syndrome. This study used a prepost test only control design, true experimental, with a total sample of 6 female Rattus norvegicus rats aged 2–3 years (150–200 g). It consists of 4 groups, namely the negative control group (K-), the positive control group (K+), the treatment group (P), and the group without treatment (P-). The study examined the rat blood serum ELISA measurement of insulin and IL-6 levels. Anova test results of IL-6 levels (p = 0.002). Post-hoc test results of group K- and group P (p = 0.002), group K + and group P (p = 0.037), group K- and group K + (p = 0.437). The Anova test results of insulin levels between groups found a significant difference (p = 0.001). Post-hoc test of insulin levels of group K- and group P (p = 0.002), group K- and group K+ (p = 0.000), and group K+ with group P (p = 0.356). In group K and group P, the results of the ANOVA and post hoc tests on IL-6 levels and insulin levels with the provision of a high-protein diet show significant differences. This study suggests that a high-protein diet may be an effective therapeutic alternative in reducing the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in controlling high insulin and interleukin-6 levels.

Rifaximin prophylaxis in MASLD‑hepatocellular carcinoma: Lessons from a negative animal model.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been rising, particularly among individuals diagnosed with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. In the present study, the prophylactic effects of rifaximin (RIF) on HCC, inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk (CVR) were investigated in an animal model. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups (n=10, each): Control [standard diet/water plus gavage with vehicle (Veh)], HCC [high-fat choline deficient diet (HFCD)/diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in drinking water/Veh gavage] and RIF [HFCD/DEN/RIF (50 mg/kg/day) gavage] groups. After euthanasia at week 16, biochemical/inflammatory markers and the liver histology were assessed. The results demonstrated that the HCC and RIF animals had a significant increase in fresh liver weight, liver weight/body weight ratio, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic concentration of triglycerides and TC, relative to the controls (P<0.001, for all). Additionally, the HCC and RIF animals had higher plasminogen activator inhibitor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and CVR scores than the controls (P<0.001, for all). The HCC animals had higher interleukin (IL)-1β (P=0.011), IL-10 (P<0.001), toll-like receptor-2 (P=0.012), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (P=0.018) and metalloproteinase-2 (P=0.003) levels than the RIF animals. Furthermore, liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, along with increased collagen fiber deposition occurred in the HCC and RIF groups. However, HCC occurred only in 2 RIF rats. In conclusion, although most animals did not develop HCC in the present study, RIF positively affected liver inflammation markers involved in steatohepatitis pathogenesis.

Prospective associations of interleukin-6 and APOE allele with cognitive decline in biracial community-dwelling older adults: The Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP).

It is unclear whether inflammation, that is, high interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and genetic risk, that is, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, have a compounding effect on cognitive decline (CD). We analyzed a subset of participants from the longitudinal cohort study, Chicago Health and Aging Project, comprising 1120 biracial community-dwelling older adults (60% Black and 62% women), and mean follow-up=6.4 years. We ran adjusted mixed-effects models on2 longitudinal CD. In APOE ε4 carriers, higher serum IL-6 was not associated with the rate of CD (β=-0.0091 [standard deviation (SD)=0.0165, p=0.5800]). Conversely, in non-ε4 carriers, compared to the lower tertile, those with the upper tertile of serum IL-6 levels experienced significantly accelerated CD (β=-0.0257 [SD=0.0084, p=0.0023]). Even without the largest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease/Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD), elevated serum IL-6 still accelerate the rate of CD in non-APOE ε4 carriers. Hence, interventions ameliorating inflammation may prevent AD/ADRD. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele have been separately associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline, but their interaction remains unclear.In ε4 carriers, IL-6 was not associated with cognitive decline. However, even without the biggest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), that is, APOE ε4, elevated serum IL-6 still could confer accelerated rate of cognitive decline, with a detrimental effect half of that imposed by APOE ε4 alone.We found no racial differences in these associations.These findings contribute complementary evidence on non-APOE ε4-dependent and non-AD biological pathways through which cognitive decline can still be accelerated in non-APOE ε4 carriers and highlight a specific subgroup of older adults who are at a higher risk of AD and thus may benefit from anti-inflammatory interventions.

Immunogenic Detection of IL-6 in Male Patients Suffering from Infertility Disorders

Background; Infertility in men is one of the health and psychological problems around the world that is widespread and related to many physiological and medical causes. Many hormonal differences or viral or bacterial infections in general can lead to infertility in men. Aims of the study; The effect of interleukin 6 and its role in the development of male infertility. Methodology; This study was conducted on patients at Al-Sadr Medical City / Infertility Center / Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf and Dr. Ali Al-Ibrahimi's private center for embryology and infertility. Since October 2023, the control group (fertile men) included 40 healthy 25–45-year-old men. There were 60 infertile men aged 22-46 in the study. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured interleukin-6. DNA extraction was followed by PCR analysis of the interleukin 6 gene polymorphism. Result; The results showed that there was no statistical significance in age between the two groups. The results also showed an increase in interleukin 6 levels in general and by age groups in the patient group compared to the control group. In addition there is a statistical significance in the polymorphism gene tests between the two groups. Conclusions; The case group had higher interleukin 6 levels, and the gene polymorphism was significant. This suggests that inflammatory factors like viral or bacterial infections or autoimmunity caused the difference in interleukin 6 levels and the mutation in IL-6 gene could play a role in this increase.

Aeromonas veronii-associated bacteremia in the course of treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and review of the literature

PurposeThis study aimed to report a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated by Aeromonas veronii infection-induced bacteremia and to review relevant literature on the etiology, prevention, treatment, and prognosis of bacteremia in immunocompromised populations, aiming to reduce mortality in individuals with hematologic and other end-stage diseases and improve patient outcomes.Methods and resultsWe reported the case of a 23-year-old male patient with relapsed AML characterized by AML1:ETO and ASXL positivity, classified as a high-risk group. The patient presented with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting after consuming partially cooked fish. The patient was admitted with high leucocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 levels. Peripheral blood high-throughput sequencing (Next-Generation Sequencing NGS) confirmed infection with Aeromonas veronii, while an abdominal CT scan indicated a liver abscess with gas formation. Culture of the drainage fluid from the ultrasound-guided liver abscess puncture demonstrated growth of Aeromonas veronii. Based on the sensitivity results, the patient was treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin and cefoperazone-sulbactam. After treatment with antibiotics, blood transfusion, liver protection, and azacitidine 100 mg ih, combined with dry white sand(interferon alpha-1B, interleukin-2, and thalidomide), the critical condition of the patient improved, and he was discharged. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Medical Research in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology. Informed consent was obtained from this patient and we have obscured the patient's identifying information. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.ConclusionWhen patients with a recurrence of AML have a history of consuming or contacting aquatic products, clinicians should be vigilant about Aeromonas veronii infection. The presence of Aeromonas veronii in peripheral blood must alert clinicians to the possibility of severe sepsis and septic shock. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to reducing patient mortality.

Correlating COVID-19 severity with biomarker profiles and patient prognosis

COVID-19's long-lasting and complex impacts have become a global concern, with diverse clinical outcomes. This study evaluated 226 participants to understand the clinical spectrum of COVID-19/Long COVID (LC), exploring how disease severity correlates with sociodemographic factors and biomarkers. Determinants related to COVID-19 severity included age (P < 0.001), lower education (P < 0.001), ethnicity (P = 0.003), overweight (P < 0.001), MTHFR gene rs1801133 (P = 0.035), cardiovascular diseases (P = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (DM) (P = 0.006), Factor VIII (FVIII) (P = 0.046), von Willebrand factor (VWF) (P = 0.002), and dimer D (DD) (P < 0.001). Six months later, in a portion of the monitored participants, a significant reduction in FVIII (P < 0.001), VWF (P = 0.002), and DD (P < 0.001) levels was observed, with only DD returning to normal values. Different systemic sequelae were identified, with higher incidences of joint pain and myalgia in participants with a clinical history of DM, chronic lung disease (CLD) and sustained high interleukin 6 values in the convalescent phase. CLD, COVID-19 severity and high DD levels increased the risk of developing dyspnea and palpitations. Women were more likely to develop lower limb phlebitis long-term, while sustained elevated FVIII in the convalescent phase was associated with an increased risk of swelling. Regular physical activity had a protective effect against swelling. This study highlights factors contributing to COVID-19 severity/LC, emphasizing endothelial cell activation as a potential mechanism.

Possible association of elevated CSF IL-6 levels with anxiety and frustration in psychiatric disorders.

Neuroinflammation is an important causal factor for a variety of psychiatric disorders. We previously reported increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The present study aimed to examine the possible association of interleukin-6 levels with anxiety and frustration, negative valence symptoms shared in various psychiatric disorders. We included 129 patients with psychiatric disorders and 70 controls. CSF and plasma interleukin-6 levels were measured by immunoassay kits, and psychological symptoms were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale. To examine regional cerebral blood flow, patients underwent arterial spin labeling analysis using magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels were significantly correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait anxiety (r = 0.25, P = 0.046) and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale-autonomy frustration scores (r = 0.29, P = 0.018). Patients with abnormally high cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels (defined >97.5 percentile of the controls) had higher scores for trait anxiety (P = 0.035) and autonomy frustration (P = 0.026), and significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum than the remaining patients. Patients with elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 constitute a subpopulation of psychiatric disorders associated with anxiety and autonomy frustration, which may be related to altered functions in specific brain areas.

The plasma EBV DNA load with IL-6 and VEGF levels as predictive and prognostic biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is often diagnosed at a very advanced stage due to its location and non-specific initial symptoms. Moreover, no clinically useful serological marker has been established so far for early detection of NPC. In this study, we have investigated the clinical significance of plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA load along with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels to evaluate if these three all together can be useful as a strong serological marker for early detection and prediction of treatment response in patients with NPC. Plasma EBV DNA load, IL-6 level, VEGF expressions were measured in 24 patients with NPC at presentation and various time points during and after treatment. There was a positive correlation between high plasma EBV DNA load with higher IL-6 and VEGF expression, which was closely associated with therapeutic response as well. Persistent or recurrent plasma EBV load with higher IL-6 and VEGF levels can potentially predict disease progression and may be useful to select patients for additional therapy and longer follow-up.

Plasma Cytokines Pattern as a Prognostic Marker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Unsupervised Clustering Analyses

Introduction: Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 17-alpha (IL17-α), and interleukin 33 (IL33) play critical roles in immune responses and may impact cancer prognosis in future. However, few studies have simultaneously explored the prognostic impact of these cytokines for cancer. In this study, we aim to apply the unsupervised clustering analysis to approach the correlation between the expression of these cytokines and the subsequent prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A robust clustering algorithm was used, the Gaussian mixture method (GMM), through the mclust R package to group patients based on the expression of their cytokines in plasma or tumors. The 324 NTU patients were grouped into 4 clusters, and the 179 GSE53625 patients were grouped into 3 clusters based on expression in plasma and tumors, respectively. Five- and 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) curves of each cluster were compared. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were also performed. Results: We successfully distinguished the multimodal distribution of cytokines through GMM clustering and discovered the relationship between cytokines and clinical outcomes. We observed that NTU-G3 and NTU-G4 subgroups showed most variation in 5-, 3-year OS and 5-, 3-year PFS with NTU-G3 being associated with poorer prognosis compared to NTU-G4 (p = 0.016, 0.0052, 0.0575, and 0.0168, respectively). NTU-G3 was characterized with higher TNF-α (median = 3.855, N = 78) and lower IL33 (median = 0.000, N = 78), while NTU-G4 showed lower TNF-α (median = 1.76, N = 51) and higher IL33 (median = 1.070, N = 51). The difference was statistically significant for TNF-α and IL33, with p = 0.0002 and p < 0.0001, respectively. A multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that GMM clustering and T/N stage were independent factors for prognosis, suggesting that the prognosis might be dependent on these cytokines. Conclusions: Our data suggest that expression patterns of IL33 and TNF-α in plasma might serve as a convenient marker to predict the prognosis of ESCC in the future.

White matter microstructural and inflammation-based subgroups in bipolar disorder II depression differentiate in depressive and psychotic symptoms

BackgroundElevated inflammation and impaired white matter (WM) microstructure have been observed in bipolar disorder (BD). The link between inflammation, WM integrity, and psychiatric symptoms in BD-II depression (BDII-D) remains unknown. We aimed to define BDII-D subgroups through the interplay of inflammation and WM microstructure, and to explore differences in psychiatric symptoms between subgroups, thus offering insight into elucidating the explanatory measures linked to BDII-D. MethodsWM differences were compared between 146 BDII-D individuals and 151 health controls (HCs) by Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Partial correlation with multiple comparison corrections was used to explore associations between WM, inflammation, and psychiatric symptoms. The canonical correlation analysis metrics of WM and inflammation followed by k-means clustering were used to define WM microstructural-inflammation subgroups of BDII-D. The differences in clinical profiles were compared between the subgroups. ResultsCompared with HCs, BDII-D showed significant WM alterations in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), cingulum, forceps, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. In BDII-D, lower fraction anisotropy (FA) within the right ATR and cingulum were significantly associated with higher interleukin-6, while lower FA in the cingulum and lower axial diffusivity in the forceps major exhibited significant links with higher C-reactive protein. Among the subgroups identified, subgroup II characterized by elevated inflammation and impaired WM integrity displayed greater psychiatric symptoms. ConclusionsWM alterations are concentrated in emotional neurocircuits and are linked to inflammation in BDII-D. WM-inflammation subgroups exhibit distinct variations in psychiatric symptoms. Thus, WM alterations and inflammation might be an explanatory process in the pathophysiology of BDII-D.

Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate iron status and iron deficiency in incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and identify influencing factors. Patients with end-stage renal disease were enrolled. Clinical data of iron metabolism and biochemical and dialysis parameters during the first peritoneal dialysis evaluation were collected. Serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels were evaluated, and independent influencing factors were identified by correlation and regression analyses. Of 1,128 adult CAPD patients, 41.2% had iron deficiency (ID), 15.7% had absolute iron deficiency, and 8.2% had functional iron deficiency. The average SF level was (276.8 ± 277.9) μg/L, and iron saturation was (29.8 ± 12.7)%. Additionally, 50.2 and 69.3% of patients reached targets in SF level and iron saturation recommended by the Chinese Society of Nephrology. SF level and TSAT were not correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, whereas negatively correlated with platelet count and inflammatory factors. Low platelet count, presence of diabetes mellitus and high interleukin 6 levels were independent factors of lower TSAT. ID is common in patients with CAPD. Women and those with thrombocytopenia, diabetes, and inflammation are at higher risk for iron storage or reduced iron utilization. In the initial CAPD stage, a reasonable iron supplement strategy may be established for CAPD patients with high-risk factors.

A - 89 Systemic Inflammation and Cognitive Performance during Mid-Life: a Complex Longitudinal Relationship

Abstract Objective Systemic inflammation, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), can affect an individual’s functioning and is a consequence of stress-related physiological changes, especially as one ages. Cognitive functioning is a critical factor of healthy aging and strongly associated with sleep and chronic conditions/symptoms. IL-6 can induce CRP production, leading to downstream effects, however IL-6 levels may also contextualize how CRP may be linked to cognition. Methods Using MIDUS waves 2 (M2) and 3 (M3) data, the participants included 770 adults (58.1% Female; 84.9% white; 53.28 ± 10.7 years) who completed two BTACT cognitive assessments over a ten-year period and provided blood samples and psychosocial self-report data at M2. Using PROCESS macro (model 1), we examined the interaction of proinflammatory markers on cognitive decline. Results M2 IL-6 interacted with M2 CRP to predict M3 cognition while accounting for age, education, race, gender, sleep, and M2 cognition (ΔR2 = 0.002, F(1,759) = 4.74, p = 0.030). Specifically, among those with lower IL-6, their CRP levels were negatively linked to M3 cognitive performance (b = −0.114, p = 0.007), while for those with higher IL-6, there was no relationship (b = −0.008, p = 0.842). Conclusion Findings suggest that a dynamic relationship exists between inflammatory markers and cognitive function. Not only can IL-6 directly affect CRP, it may also provide additional context on how a clinically relevant inflammatory marker may be related to cognitive decline. From a stress and adaptive systems lens, further research should investigate how IL-6 may highlight the accumulation of stressful life events or other chronic psychosocial factors, using a more holistic approach to cognitive aging.

Altered Liver Enzyme Markers in Patients with Asymptomatic, and Mild Omicron Infection: A Retrospective Study.

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has posed a significant global public health challenge. Elucidating the laboratory profiles of individuals infected with this variant is crucial for assessing organ damage. This study aimed to investigate the variations in liver function tests and their correlation with demographic characteristics and inflammatory markers in patients with early Omicron variant infections. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1133 mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 cases at Tianjin First Central Hospital. Data on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and serum markers were collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, version 24.0. Abnormal liver function parameters, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin (TBIL), were observed in 314 (27.71%) patients. "Hepatocellular type" was identified in 56 (4.94%) patients, "cholestatic type" in 185 (16.33%) patients, and "mixed type" in 73 (6.44%) patients. In the mixed group, we observed a pronounced elevation in the levels of ALT, AST, and GGT. Moreover, the hepatocellular group exhibited a statistically significant increase in AST and ALT concentrations relative to both the normal and cholestatic groups. Notably, the cholestatic group demonstrated a substantial increment in ALP levels. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of "abnormal liver enzyme markers" compared to females. Patients with "abnormal liver enzyme markers" exhibited significantly decreased immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and elevated levels of inflammatory markers, including procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL6), as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to normal group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender and PCT levels were significantly associated with the risk of abnormal liver enzyme markers. Patients in hepatocellular group were likely accompanied with high CRP levels, whereas those in the cholestatic type were associated with high IL6 levels. Early Omicron infection might cause liver stress response. Elevated liver enzyme marker levels were correlated with age, gender, inflammatory factors, and IgG.