High Fat Intake Research Articles

Exploring the Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Mental Health

Dietary patterns play a crucial role in shaping mental health, as they influence the availability of essential nutrients that support brain function and emotional regulation. The high intake of antioxidants and healthy fats supports brain health, reducing the risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. For example, in patients with depression, markers of systemic inflammation are often significantly greater than in controls, which is indicative of immune system dysregulation. The potential importance of the relationship between dietary patterns or quality and mental health early in the life span. Prospective and intervention studies are now required to improve the level of evidence. Given that the average age of onset for anxiety and mood disorders is 6 years and 13 years, respectively, the potential for early intervention using strategies targeted at improving dietary intake at a population level may be of substantial public health benefit. However, this would require policy action to improve the global food environment. Diets high in processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats are linked to an increased risk of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Prioritizing a balanced, nutritious diet can therefore play a crucial role in preventing mental health issues and enhancing overall well-being.

An acute microglial metabolic response controls metabolism and improves memory.

Chronic high-fat feeding triggers metabolic dysfunction including obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. How high-fat intake first triggers these pathophysiological states remains unknown. Here, we identify an acute microglial metabolic response that rapidly translates intake of high-fat diet (HFD) to a surprisingly beneficial effect on metabolism and spatial/learning memory. High-fat intake rapidly increases palmitate levels in cerebrospinal fluid and triggers a wave of microglial metabolic activation characterized by mitochondrial membrane activation and fission as well as metabolic skewing toward aerobic glycolysis. These effects are detectable throughout the brain and can be detected within as little as 12 hr of HFD exposure. In vivo, microglial ablation and conditional DRP1 deletion show that the microglial metabolic response is necessary for the acute effects of HFD. 13C-tracing experiments reveal that in addition to processing via β-oxidation, microglia shunt a substantial fraction of palmitate toward anaplerosis and re-release of bioenergetic carbons into the extracellular milieu in the form of lactate, glutamate, succinate, and intriguingly, the neuroprotective metabolite itaconate. Together, these data identify microglia as a critical nutrient regulatory node in the brain, metabolizing away harmful fatty acids and liberating the same carbons as alternate bioenergetic and protective substrates for surrounding cells. The data identify a surprisingly beneficial effect of short-term HFD on learning and memory.

Does keto make the difference? A comprehensive review of its impact on physical activity, cognitive function and hormonal balance.

Introduction: The ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat and low carbohydrate intake, has become increasingly popular among athletes and fitness enthusiasts due to its potential for supporting weight loss and enhancing metabolic health. This study aims to analyze the impact of the keto diet on physical and cognitive performance, as well as to understand the mechanisms and challenges associated with its use. Materials and methods: A systematic review of available studies was conducted through extensive searches in databases such as PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar. State of knowledge: The ketogenic diet can be beneficial in endurance sports by improving fat utilization as an energy source and increasing energy stability, but its impact on aerobic capacity and time to exhaustion varies. In strength sports that require intense effort, carbohydrate restriction can negatively affect strength and muscle mass development, as glycogen is a key energy source in such activities. The ketogenic diet does not provide full benefits in high-intensity sports, such as sprints or team sports, due to limited glycogen availability. The ketogenic diet can improve body composition and metabolic efficiency in athletes, but its impact on performance depends on individual responses, and the adaptation process may involve challenges such as "keto flu." Ketogenic diet may positively impact mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, it may enhance sleep quality, particularly by supporting deep sleep, and potentially increase testosterone production. Conclusions: The ketogenic diet can benefit endurance sports by improving fat oxidation and sustaining energy levels, though its effectiveness in high-intensity, glycogen-dependent activities is less certain. Strategies like TKD or CKD, along with performance monitoring, can help athletes optimize results.

Ketogenic diet and metabolic health: A review of its impact on type 2 diabetes and obesity. Analysis of research on the ketogenic diet in the context of treating metabolic disorders

This paper aims to review current research on the ketogenic diet as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein, and minimal carbohydrates, leading to a state of ketosis in which the body utilizes ketone bodies as its primary energy source. Studies indicate that the ketogenic diet may positively influence blood glucose control, enhance insulin sensitivity, and facilitate weight reduction, particularly relevant in the context of insulin resistance. The paper discusses the biological mechanisms underlying these effects, as well as potential risks associated with long-term adherence to the diet. It underscores that, despite promising results, further research is necessary to better understand the long-term effects of the ketogenic diet and its applicability across various patient populations. Conclusions highlight the need for patient monitoring during the dietary regimen and the potential for integrating the ketogenic diet into a broader strategy for managing metabolic diseases

Application of ketogenic diet in the treatment of diseases

Abstract. The ketogenic diet (KD) has gained recognition for its unique dietary composition that focuses on high fat, low carbohydrate, and moderate protein intake. Originally developed as a treatment for refractory epilepsy, the KD has expanded its applications to address a variety of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, cancer, and even novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). This review delves deeply into existing literature to uncover the historical origins of KD, shed light on the complexities of ketogenic metabolism, and summarize the therapeutic benefits of KD in various diseases along with its mechanisms. In addition to exploring the positive aspects of KD, this study meticulously scrutinizes the potential short- and long-term adverse reactions and contraindications associated with the diet. Furthermore, strategic recommendations are proposed to optimize the outcomes of KD therapy. By offering a comprehensive analysis, this review endeavors to furnish valuable theoretical foundations that can elevate the clinical implementation of the KD in medical practice.

Alterations in Glucagon Levels and the Glucagon-to-Insulin Ratio in Response to High Dietary Fat or Protein Intake in Healthy Lean Adult Twins: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Background/Objectives: Emerging data support evidence of the essential role of glucagon for lipid metabolism. However, data on the role of dietary fat intake for glucagon secretion is limited. This analysis investigated whether altering nutritional fat intake affects glucagon levels in healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 92 twins (age: 31 ± 14 years, BMI: 23 ± 3 kg/m2) consumed two 6-week diets: first a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (LFD) followed by an isocaloric high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HFD). In total, 24 twins (age: 39 ± 15 years, BMI: 24 ± 2 kg/m2) continued with a high-protein diet (HPD). Clinical investigations were performed after 6 weeks of the LFD, after 1 and 6 weeks of the HFD and after 6 weeks of the HPD. Results: The LFD caused a significant decrease in fasting glucagon (-27%, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. After 6 weeks of the HFD, glucagon increased (117%, p < 0.001 vs. LFD), while free fatty acids decreased. Six weeks of the HPD further increased glucagon levels (72%, p = 0.502 vs. HFD), although fasting amino acid levels remained constant. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR moderately increased after one week of the HFD, while six weeks of the HPD significantly decreased both. The fasting glucagon-to-insulin ratio decreased during the LFD (p < 0.001) but increased after the HFD (p < 0.001) and even further increased after the HPD (p = 0.018). Liver fat, triglycerides and blood glucose did not increase during the HFD. The heritability of glucagon levels was 45% with the LFD. Conclusions: An HFD increases glucagon levels and the glucagon-to-insulin ratio under isocaloric conditions compared to an LFD in healthy lean subjects. This rise in glucagon may represent a metabolic response to prevent hepatic steatosis, as glucagon increases have been previously shown to induce hepatic fat oxidation.

Dietary pattern and the corresponding gut microbiome in response to immunotherapy in Thai patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Gut microbiota is considered a key player modulating the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer. The effects of dietary pattern on this interaction is not well-studied. A prospective multicenter cohort of 95 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing ICI therapy were enrolled. Stool shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Three-day dietary patterns before ICI were assessed. Patients were categorized as hyperprogressive disease (HPD) if they exhibited a time to treatment failure of less than 2 months. All others were categorized as non-hyperprogressive disease (non-HPD). The correlation between dietary patterns, gut microbiome, and response to ICI therapy was analyzed. In the multivariate analysis, a high abundance of Firmicutes unclassified and the Ruminococcaceae family correlated with a significantly diminished progression-free survival (PFS) with an HR of 2.40 [P = 0.006] and 4.30 [P = 0.005], respectively. More specifically, within the subset of NSCLC patients treated solely with ICI therapy, a high abundance of Intestinimonas and the Enterobacteriaceae family were associated with substantially reduced PFS with an HR of 2.61 [P = 0.02] and HR 3.34 [P = 0.005], respectively. In our comprehensive dietary pattern analysis, the HPD group showed increased consumption of cholesterol, sodium, and fats beyond recommended levels compared to the non-HPD group. This group also displayed a tendency towards higher food pattern scores characterized by a high intake of fat and dairy products. Our study revealed a distinct association between the gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes. The overall composition of diet might be related to ICI therapeutic outcomes.

The Association Between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Polypharmacy in Older Adults: The Loma Linda Longevity Study.

Polypharmacy-defined as taking numerous medications that may not be clinically necessary-is becoming a significant concern among the older adult population. This study examined the associations between lifestyle behaviors and the number of prescribed medications in older adults (75 years and older) living in the counties of San Bernardino and Riverside. This study employed a cross-sectional survey to assess lifestyle behaviors and medication use in 611 older adults aged 75 or over. Bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses were used to assess potential relationships between lifestyle behaviors and the number of prescribed medications. Fruit consumption (P = 0.005), mild physical activity per week (P < .001), and lifestyle index (P = 0.003) had a highly significant inverse association with the number of prescribed medications. Fat consumption had a direct positive relationship with the number of prescribed medications (P = 0.02). Higher fat intake was directly linked to an increased need for medications, while regular physical activity, a higher fruit intake, and a healthy overall lifestyle were all associated with a lower likelihood of polypharmacy. Future research can explore the mechanisms linking these behaviors with medication usage.

Vine Tea Extract (VTE) Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Adiposity: Evidence of VTE's Anti-Obesity Effects In Vitro and In Vivo.

This study focused on evaluating the anti-obesity effects of an extract from Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang, also known as vine tea, in mature adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Vine tea extract (VTE) effectively decreased lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes without cytotoxicity, as confirmed by the regulation of several factors associated with adipogenesis, lipogenesis, or lipolysis. Subsequently, in a 12-week experiment with obese mice, oral VTE administration significantly reduced body weight gain induced with high-fat diet intake. Au-topsy findings showed reduced fat accumulation in various areas without liver damage. The VTE-administered group showed lower serum LDL levels, while increasing HDL, than the high-fat diet-administered group. Analysis of adipose tissue biomarkers indicated VTE's ability to inhibit adipogenesis and lipogenesis, promote lipolysis, and regulate energy metabolism, contributing to reduced adiposity induced by the consumption of a high-fat diet.

Evaluating Modifiable Hypertension Risk in Nigerian Adults — The Nigerian Diet Risk Score

Cardiovascular diseases account for 31% of all global deaths, the majority (80%) of which are associated with hypertension.(1,2) As of 2019, hypertension is expected to affect 1 in 3 adults living in West Africa, with prevalence standing at 36.1% In Nigeria.(3,4) Poor dietary habits, including high intakes of salt, processed meat, ultra-processed foods, and unhealthy fats and oils and low intakes of vegetables, fruits, fibre, and nutrients such as potassium and omega-3 fatty acids, account for 9–17% of cases of hypertension globally, and our recent meta-analysis confirms their contribution in Nigeria and other West African countries.(1,5,6) This study aimed to develop and deliver a culturally-appropriate diet risk score for clinical practice that can (i) rapidly and accurately identify and stratify individuals at risk of hypertension and (ii) support clinicians and other healthcare professionals to provide tailored and effective personalised dietary advice.We used a culturally-appropriate Nigerian Dietary Screening Tool (that we recently designed and validated(7,8)) to assess the dietary intake among 151 patients in a Nigerian hospital and used methods similar to Framingham and INTERHEART to: (i) construct and validate a Nigerian Dietary Risk Score (NiDRS) for hypertension, and (ii) evaluate the NiDRS against a panel of clinical biomarkers of hypertension, using multiple logistic regression models, internal validation using measures of discrimination and calibration, decision analysis curve and mediation analysis to facilitate its use in clinical practice.Each incremental increase in the overall NiDRS was associated with a 2-fold increase in odds of overall hypertension (OR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.16, p = 0.01), with the highest score category associated with &gt;18-food increased odds of hypertension, compared to lowest NiDRS (OR: 18.27, 95%CI: 1.33, 251.21, p = 0.03). The NiDRS demonstrated good discrimination with an AUC of 0.92%, high sensitivity (0.85), specificity (0.94), calibration (with a Brier score of 0.1) and a positive net benefit. In addition, via mediation analysis, total cholesterol (50%), triglycerides (47%), LDL-c (49%), VLDL-c (17%), CRP (68%), and homocysteine (71%) were mediators of the NiDRS-hypertension pathway in a positive direction.The NiDRS is an accurate and valuable tool for clinicians to identify and stratify individuals at risk of hypertension and discuss dietary prevention strategies to address the rising prevention of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular complications in Nigeria.

Early pathological mechanisms in a mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes more than half of all HF cases, yet evidence-based therapies remain lacking due to limited understanding of its underlying pathological mechanisms. Our study aimed to uncover early pathological mechanisms in HFpEF by exposing mice to dietary conditions resembling a Western diet-rich in fats, salt, and low in fiber-alongside excess mineralocorticoids to replicate significant aspects of human HFpEF. Echocardiography was performed at both 3-wk and 6-wk intervals postchallenge, revealing cardiac alterations as early as 3 wk. While ejection fraction remained preserved, mice exhibited signs of diastolic dysfunction, reduced stroke volume, and left atrial enlargement. In addition, changes in pulmonary flow velocities were noted by the 3-wk mark, suggesting elevated pulmonary pressure. Extracardiac comorbidities included organ congestion, increased adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolemia. Molecular analyses unveiled evidence of low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired NO-cGMP-PKG signaling, contributing to the observed decrease in titin phosphorylation, thereby impacting myocardial stiffness. In addition, impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling might have influenced the alterations observed in coronary flow reserve. Moreover, dysregulation of calcium signaling in cardiomyocytes and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) load were observed. Interestingly, elevated phosphorylation of cMyBP-C was linked to preserved ejection fraction despite reduced SR load. We also observed intestinal atrophy, possibly due to a high-fat diet, low dietary fiber intake, and diminished gut perfusion, potentially contributing to systemic low-grade inflammation. These findings reveal how excess mineralocorticoid salt-induced hypertension and dietary factors, like high-fat and low-fiber intake, contribute to cardiac dysfunction and metabolic disturbances, offering insights into early HFpEF pathology in this model.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates that feeding mice a Western diet rich in fat and salt and low in fiber alongside excess mineralocorticoids replicates aspects of human HFpEF. Cardiac alterations including diastolic dysfunction and decreased stroke volume with preserved ejection fraction were observed. Extracardiac effects included organ congestion, adiposity, glucose intolerance, and intestinal atrophy. Molecular analysis revealed inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathways, and altered calcium signaling in cardiomyocytes, shedding light on early pathological changes in HFpEF.

Retinal G-protein-coupled receptor deletion exacerbates AMD-like changes via the PINK1-parkin pathway under oxidative stress.

The intake of high dietary fat has been correlated with the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), affecting the function of the retinal pigment epithelium through oxidative stress. A high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to lipid metabolism disorders, excessive production of circulating free fatty acids, and systemic inflammation by aggravating the degree of oxidative stress. Deletion of the retinal G-protein-coupled receptor (RGR-d) has been identified in drusen. In this study, we investigated how the RGR-d exacerbates AMD-like changes under oxidative stress, both invivo and invitro. Fundus atrophy became evident, at 12 months old, particularly in the RGR-d + HFD group, and fluorescence angiography revealed narrower retinal vessels and a reduced perfusion area in the peripheral retina. Although rod electroretinography revealed decreasing trends in the a- and b-wave amplitudes in the RGR-d + HFD group at 12 months, the changes were not statistically significant. Mice in the RGR-d + HFD group showed a significantly thinner and more fragile retinal morphology than those in the WT + HFD group, with disordered and discontinuous pigment distribution in the RGR-d + HFD mice. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a thickened Bruch's membrane along the choriocapillaris endothelial cell wall in the RGR-d + HFD mice, and the outer nuclear layer structure appeared disorganized, with reduced nuclear density. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated significantly lower levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D3 metabolites in the RGR-d + HFD group. Under oxidative stress, RGR-d localized to the mitochondria and reduced the levels of the PINK1-parkin pathway. RGR-d mice fed an HFD were used as a new animal model of dry AMD. Under high-fat-induced oxidative stress, RGR-d accumulated in the mitochondria, disrupting normal mitophagy and causing cellular damage, thus exacerbating AMD-like changes both invivo and invitro.

A simple action reduces high fat diet intake and obesity in mice.

Diets that are high in fat cause over-eating and weight gain in multiple species of animals, suggesting that high dietary fat is sufficient to cause obesity. However, high-fat diets are typically provided freely to animals in obesity experiments, so it remains unclear if high-fat diets would still cause obesity if they required more effort to obtain. We hypothesized that unrestricted and easy access is necessary for high-fat diet induced over-eating, and the corollary that requiring mice to perform small amounts of work to obtain high-fat diet would reduce high-fat diet intake and associated weight gain. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel home-cage based feeding device that either provided high-fat diet freely, or after mice poked their noses into a port one time - a simple action that is easy for them to do. We tested the effect of this intervention for six weeks, with mice receiving all daily calories from high-fat diet, modifying only how they accessed it. Requiring mice to nose-poke to access high-fat diet reduced intake and nearly completely prevented the development of obesity. In follow up experiments, we observed a similar phenomenon in mice responding for low-fat grain-based pellets that do not induce obesity, suggesting a general mechanism whereby animals engage with and consume more food when it is freely available vs. when it requires a simple action to obtain. We conclude that unrestricted access to food promotes overeating, and that a simple action such as a nose-poke can reduce over-eating and weight gain in mice. This may have implications for why over-eating and obesity are common in modern food environments, which are often characterized by easy access to low-cost unhealthy foods.

Nutritional habits and eating attitude in university students during the last wave of COVID-19 in Spain

Emotional Eating is eating in response to negative emotional states, such as boredom, loneliness, or anxiety. For some young people, both food and alcohol are a source of pleasure in their social life. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-23 in the Health Sciences Faculty. Mediterranean Diet Adherence Test, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Yale Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale, and Anxiety Questionnaire STAI, were employed. Emotional eater (EE) regarding to no emotional eater (NEE) presented a mild food addiction, a significantly high intake of carbohydrates, fat, and alcohol. Energy intake is dependent on saturated fat, also they are not conscious of their intake of calories, had worse sleep quality, high perceived stress, and worse healthy eating index (HEI) due to their intake of sweets and soft drinks. The diet quality could be affected by the stress of the pandemic. The association of emotional eating with the intake of sweet foods and alcoholic drinks maybe is a remaining situation of COVID-19. We suppose that maladaptive eating behaviors have improved over time during this pandemic. Even though it is necessary to promote healthier eating among university students, it is also necessary to improve healthy habits.

High fat intake aggravates hyperlipidemia and suppresses fatty liver symptoms induced by a high-sucrose diet in rats.

Overconsumption of sucrose or fat is widely acknowledged as a prominent feature of unhealthy dietary patterns. Both factors commonly co-occur and are recognized as hallmarks of the Western diet, which is an important contributor to non-communicative diseases. In this study, we investigated the hazards of high sucrose or fat intake, either alone or in combination. Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed a control starch diet, high-sucrose diet, high-fat diet, or high-sucrose/fat diet for 30 days. High fat intake increased body weight and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights. Both high-sucrose and -fat diets were associated with increased plasma triglyceride and glucose levels, and high sucrose also elevated plasma cholesterol levels. The combination of high sucrose and fat synergistically elevated plasma triglyceride levels. The high-sucrose diet increased liver weight and hepatic total lipid and triglyceride levels, whereas this increase was suppressed by the high-fat diet. The high sucrose increased the mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and transport (ACLY, ACACA, FAS, ELOVL6, SCD1, SREBP1, and CD36), whereas the high fat suppressed the high sucrose-induced expression of these genes. We observed that high sucrose and fat contents differently exerted their effects on hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Furthermore, high fat aggravated hyperlipidemia and suppressed fatty liver induced by high sucrose.

Acute Effect of High Fat Intake on Urinary Acidification Parameters in Uric Acid Stone Formers and Non-stone Forming Controls

Acute Effect of High Fat Intake on Urinary Acidification Parameters in Uric Acid Stone Formers and Non-stone Forming Controls

Association of Fast-Food Intake with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Young Adults: A Pilot Study.

Background: High intake of fast food has been linked to increased risks of both depressive and anxiety disorders. However, associations between individual fast-food items and depressive/anxiety disorders are rarely examined. Method: Using cross-sectional survey the association between common fast-food items and depressive/anxiety symptoms among 142 young Hong Kong adults aged 18-27 years old was examined. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to measure the intake frequency of 22 common fast-food items found in Hong Kong. Occurrence of significant depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Primary measures were multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with the low intake frequency group for common fast-food items. Results: Our observations suggest that frequent intake of high-fat, -sugar, and -sodium fast-foods increased depressive symptoms, while frequent high-fat fast-food intake was associated with anxiety symptoms. However, frequent intake of sugar-free beverages reduced the risk of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Habitual intake of certain fast foods were related to depressive/anxiety symptoms in young adults.

The commitment of the population of the Russian Federation to healthy nutrition

Introduction. The increase in the number of diseases associated with malnutrition has reached global proportions and has become a serious problem for health systems around the world. For example, in the United States, about 36 % of the adult population is obese, in Russia, Georgia and the Republic of Belarus this figure ranges from 21% to 24%. Foreign experience (the Netherlands and the USA) illustrates that the population’s idea of proper nutrition is unrealistic: underestimation of high fat intake, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, etc., relative to their daily allowance, misconception in assessing the balance of their own diet, etc. The purpose of the study: to study the commitment of the population to proper nutrition and to determine the factors influencing people’s choice. Materials and methods. In this work, a questionnaire method was used using a developed questionnaire consisting of seven blocks and 46 questions. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the programs Statistica for Windows version 10.0 and R-studio. Results. 2,731 respondents over the age of 18 (45.7 % men and 54.3 % women) from all regions of the Russian Federation took part in the survey. Only 5 % (n = 136) replied that they constantly adhered to proper nutrition, a large proportion preferred not to do it at all (43.4 %, n = 1,186) and a third – from time to time (37.3 %, n = 1,018). In addition, it is important that 14.3 % of respondents (n = 391) found it difficult to answer the question, which is most likely due to a lack of understanding of what the concept of «proper nutrition» includes. The parameters related to the observance of proper nutrition by the respondents were female gender, high financial status and regular breakfast intake. In addition, non-smokers, as well as people who, when choosing food in the store, paid attention to the composition, calorie content and the inscription «GMO-free»/ «Sugar-free»/ «Healthy food», had a higher chance of adhering to a proper diet compared to the rest of the participants. Conclusion. It is necessary to increase the commitment and awareness of the population about proper nutrition, focusing primarily on men, obese people, low financial status, workers/employees/specialists, smokers, who often ate at night, ate semi-finished products at home, and ate everything that was on the plate to the end.

The Efficacy of Ketogenic Diets (Low Carbohydrate; High Fat) as a Potential Nutritional Intervention for Lipedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lipedema is a frequently misdiagnosed condition in women, often mistaken for obesity, which significantly deteriorates both quality of life and physical health. Recognizing the necessity for holistic treatment strategies, research has increasingly supported the integration of specific dietary approaches, particularly ketogenic diets focusing on low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake. to evaluate the impact of ketogenic diets on women with lipedema through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by reviewing published, peer-reviewed studies addressing the implications of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) ketogenic diet in managing lipedema following comprehensive scrutiny of digital medical databases, such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and the Web of Science. This research was governed by specified parameters, including an established search string composed of search terms and an eligibility criterion (PICO) as denoted by the principal authors. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4.1 software with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale utilized for quality appraisal of the included studies. Seven studies reporting statistical outcomes were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis following a rigorous quality appraisal and data identification process. Three hundred and twenty-nine female participants were diagnosed with lipedema and treated using a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Data analysis identified the high-fat diet with a mean study duration of 15.85 weeks. Mean Differences (MDs) on changes pre- and post-intervention showed significant reductions in BMI and total body weight [4.23 (95% CI 2.49, 5.97) p < 0.00001 and 7.94 (95% CI 5.45, 10.43) p < 0.00001 for BMI and body weight, respectively]. Other anthropometric measurements, such as changes in waist/hip circumferences and waist/hip ratios, showed a significant reduction in these parameters, with an MD of 8.05 (95% CI 4.66, 11.44) p < 0.00001 and an MD of 6.67 (95% CI 3.35, 9.99) p < 0.0001 for changes in waist and hip circumferences from baseline, respectively. Lastly, changes in pain sensitivity were statistically significant post-intervention [MD 1.12 (95% CI, 0.44, 1.79) p = 0.001]. All studies scored fair on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. despite the limited studies and low number of study participants, the review observed a significant reduction in anthropometric and body composition metrics, indicating a potentially beneficial association between LCHF ketogenic diets and lipedema management.

Protective activity of hirsutidin in high-fat intake and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: In silico and in vivo study

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is defined by a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities, persistent hyperglycemia, and a slew of other complications. Catharanthus roseus L. (apocyanaceae), remarkably notable as Vinca Rosea, appears to be the source of the active component hirsutidin, which is reported in various diseases. ObjectiveThe study intended to appraise the antidiabetic capability of hirsutidin in a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in experimental rats. Materials and methodsAn experimental rodent T2DM model was elicited by consuming an HFD regimen with STZ 50 mg/kg, i.p. dose formulated in a 0.1 M cold citrate buffer (pH 4.5). The test drug hirsutidin (10 and 20 mg/kg) and the standard drug glimeclamide (5 mg/kg) were administered daily for six weeks. The efficacy of hirsutidin was observed on several diabetes parameters. The average body weight and an array of biochemical markers were determined, including blood glucose, insulin, dyslipidemia (lipid profile), total protein (TP), liver injury [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], inflammation [IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and antioxidant status [catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)]. In addition, the concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were also assessed. Also, molecular docking studies were undertaken to investigate critical targets associated with diabetes, including TNF-α, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin. ResultsDiabetes induction with HFD/STZ resulted in hyperglycemia (significantly reduced blood glucose and increased insulin level), dyslipidemia (significantly reduced TC, TG and increased HDL), total protein (significantly reduced), oxidative stress and antioxidant status (significantly reduced MDA and increased CAT, SOD and GSH levels), inflammation (significantly decreased IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), liver damage (significantly reduced AST, ALT), and specific hormones such as adiponectin, leptin significantly improved and resistin significantly reduced as evidenced by biochemical data in this study. Intermolecular interactions of ligands and docking score, hirsutidin proteins TNF-α (2AZ5), Insulin (4IBM), Adiponectin (6KS1), Leptin (7Z3Q) with binding energy of -6.708, -7.674, -7.2 and -7.547 Kcal/mol. ConclusionHirsutidin may have an evidential hypoglycemic outcome and may exhibit potent antidiabetic activity in HFD/STZ-induced T2DM in rats. Treatment with hirsutidin significantly improved glycemic control, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver function. Additionally, it normalized dysregulated levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Molecular docking confirmed its strong binding affinity to key diabetic targets.