High Hydrostatic Pressure Research Articles

Revealing the metabolic potential and environmental adaptation of nematophagous fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum, derived from hadal sediment

The extreme environment shapes fungi in deep-sea sediments with novel metabolic capabilities. The ubiquity of fungi in deep-sea habitats supports their significant roles in these ecosystems. However, there is limited research on the metabolic activities and adaptive mechanisms of filamentous fungi in deep-sea ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the biological activities, including antibacterial, antitumor and nematicidal activity of Purpureocillium lilacinum FDZ8Y1, isolated from sediments of the Mariana Trench. A key feature of P. lilacinum FDZ8Y1 was its tolerance to high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), up to 110 MPa. We showed that HHP affected its vegetative growth, development, and production of secondary metabolites, indicating the potential for discovering novel natural products from hadal fungi. Whole-genome sequencing of P. lilacinum FDZ8Y1 revealed the metabolic potential of this piezotolerant fungus in carbon (carbohydrate metabolism), nitrogen (assimilatory nitrate reduction and protein degradation) and sulfur cycling processes (assimilatory sulfate reduction). Transcriptomic analysis under elevated HHP showed that P. lilacinum FDZ8Y1 may activate several metabolic pathways and stress proteins to cope with HHP, including fatty acid metabolism, the antioxidant defense system, the biosynthetic pathway for secondary metabolites, extracellular enzymes and membrane transporters. This study provides valuable insights into the metabolic potential and adaptation mechanisms of hadal fungi to the challenging conditions of the hadal environment.

Sea Buckthorn Flavonoid Extracted with High Hydrostatic Pressure Alleviated Shrimp Allergy in Mice through the Microbiota and Metabolism.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) known as the deciduous shrub has been reported to have effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Tropomyosin (TM) induced a regulatory immune response associated with food allergy. In this study, a mouse model of food allergy sensitized to tropomyosin (TM) was established to assess the antiallergic properties of sea buckthorn flavonoid extract (SBF). SBF alleviated mice's allergic symptoms and exhibited a significant reduction in the levels of IgE and histamine. Meanwhile, SBF repaired the allergic Th2 cell overpolarization generated by TM, via downregulating the IL-4 production and upregulating IFN-γ production to restore the balance of Th1/Th2 cells. Furthermore, the 16S RNA analysis showed that SBF primarily restored the gut microbiota via increasing the abundance in Chitinophilidae and decreasing in Burkholderiaceae, Pneumatobacteriaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae. Gut metabolomes determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) suggested that TM upregulated PE (14:0/22:1(13Z)) and SBF decreased formimino-l-glutamic acid and urocanic acid levels. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, SBF treatment has been shown to modulate glycerophospholipid and histidine metabolism to improve allergic reactions. SBF holds great promise as a novel potential agent for the treatment of food allergies.

Simvastatin-loaded Gelatin-capped Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles for the Post-operative Management of Breast Cancer

Minimal residual disease at the tumor site after surgical ablation is a major cause for tumor recurrence and metastasis. The tropism of circulating tumor cells towards injured areas increases the risk of tumor recurrence. Recent studies have reported the inability of nanocarriers to penetrate the tumor site owing to short systemic half-life, high hydrostatic pressure, and inability to extravasate the tumor tissue. In this work, we developed simvastatin-loaded polycaprolactone - gelatin core-shell nanoparticles (SNP) for post-surgical management of breast cancer (BC). NP-loaded within the hyaluronic acid solution demonstrated shear thinning behavior (n=0.3089). SNP demonstrated cytotoxic potential in the 2-D cell culture and 3-D tumoroids of MDA-MB-231 cell line in vitro. JC-1 and rhodamine-123 based assays demonstrated the ability of SNP to induce mitochondrial membrane damage. Further, cell cycle analysis revealed that the SNP prevented the progression of cell line from G0/G1 to S-phase. Simvastatin and SNP induced early apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Scratch, invasion, migration, and clonogenic assays demonstrated the ability of SNP to prevent cell invasion and clonal expansion. Immunocytochemistry revealed that both SIM and SNP reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 in metastatic cell line. Overall, the developed formulation demonstrates enormous potential for the post-surgery management of BC.

Phase-Changeable Metafabric Enables Dynamic Subambient Humidity and Thermal Regulation.

A promising approach to prevent heat- and cold-related illnesses is the integration of zero-energy input control technology into personal thermal management (PTM) systems while reducing energy consumption. However, achieving optimal wearing comfort while maintaining subambient metabolic temperatures using thermally regulating materials without an energy supply remains challenging. In this study, we provide a simple and reliable methodology to produce a phase-changeable metafabric made of thermoplastic polyurethane and phase change capsule (PCC) particles with high moisture permeability and thermal comfort. This approach skillfully incorporates spray-formed PCC particles into a three-dimensional nanofibrous aggregate, forming a stable self-entangled network structure in a single step through simultaneous humidity-assisted electrospraying and electrospinning processes. Additionally, the metafabric demonstrates prominent water resistance and superhydrophobicity, which are attributed to the integration of PCC particles and nanofibers, resulting in the formation of a microporous/nanoporous structure resembling the surface of a lotus leaf. As a result, the phase-changeable metafabric shows an active and passive thermal control performance, with a water vapor transmittance rate of 13.1 kg m-2 d-1 and a phase change enthalpy of 115.05 J g-1 even after 100 thermal cycles. Furthermore, it displays excellent waterproofing capability, characterized by a water contact angle of 158.7° and the ability to withstand a high hydrostatic pressure of 87 kPa. In addition, the metafabric exhibits a good mechanical performance, boasting a tensile strength of 10.5 MPa. Overall, the proposed economical metafabric is an exemplary candidate material for next-generation PTM systems.

Comparative study of lysine acetylation in Vesicomyidae clam Archivesica marissinica and the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum: adaptation mechanisms in cold seep environments

BackgroundThe deep-sea cold seep zone is characterized by high pressure, low temperature, darkness, and oligotrophy. Vesicomyidae clams are the dominant species within this environment, often forming symbiotic relationships with chemosynthetic microbes. Understanding the mechanisms by which Vesicomyidae clams adapt to the cold seep environment is significant. Acetylation modification of lysine is known to play a crucial role in various metabolic processes. Consequently, investigating the role of lysine acetylation in the adaptation of Vesicomyidae clams to deep-sea environments is worthwhile. So, a comparative study of lysine acetylation in cold seep clam Archivesica marissinica and shallow water shellfish Ruditapes philippinarum was conducted.ResultsA total of 539 acetylated proteins were identified with 1634 acetylation sites. Conservative motif enrichment analysis revealed that the motifs -KacR-, -KacT-, and -KacF- were the most conserved. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on significantly differentially expressed acetylated proteins. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that acetylated proteins are crucial in various biological processes, including cellular response to stimulation, and other cellular processes ( p < 0.05 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.25). The results of KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that acetylated proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including tight junction, motor proteins, gap junction, phagosome, cGMP-PKG signaling pathways, endocytosis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, among others (p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.25). Notably, a high abundance of lysine acetylation was observed in the glycolysis/glycogenesis pathways, and the acetylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase might facilitate ATP production. Subsequent investigation into acetylation modifications associated with deep-sea adaptation revealed the specific identification of key acetylated proteins. Among these, the adaptation of cold seep clam hemoglobin and heat shock protein to high hydrostatic pressure and low temperature might involve an increase in acetylation levels. Acetylation of arginine kinase might be related to ATP production and interaction with symbiotic bacteria. Myosin heavy chain (Ama01085) has the most acetylation sites and might improve the actomyosin system stability through acetylation. Further validation is required for the acetylation modification from Vesicomyidae clams.ConclusionA novel comparative analysis was undertaken to investigate the acetylation of lysine in Vesicomyidae clams, yielding novel insights into the regulatory role of lysine acetylation in deep-sea organisms. The findings present many potential proteins for further exploration of acetylation functions in cold seep clams and other deep-sea mollusks.

Fungal Methane Production Under High Hydrostatic Pressure in Deep Subseafloor Sediments

Fungi inhabiting deep subseafloor sediments have been shown to possess anaerobic methane (CH4) production capabilities under atmospheric conditions. However, their ability to produce CH4 under in situ conditions with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) remains unclear. Here, Schizophyllum commune 20R-7-F01, isolated from ~2 km below the seafloor, was cultured in Seawater Medium (SM) in culture bottles fitted with sterile syringes for pressure equilibration. Subsequently, these culture bottles were transferred into 1 L stainless steel pressure vessels at 30 °C for 5 days to simulate in situ HHP and anaerobic environments. Our comprehensive analysis of bioactivity, biomass, and transcriptomics revealed that the S. commune not only survived but significantly enhanced CH4 production, reaching approximately 2.5 times higher levels under 35 MPa HHP compared to 0.1 MPa standard atmospheric pressure. Pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, methylation, hydrolase activity, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and oxidoreductase activity were notably activated under HHP. Specifically, key genes involved in fungal anaerobic CH4 synthesis, including methyltransferase mct1 and dehalogenase dh3, were upregulated 7.9- and 12.5-fold, respectively, under HHP. Enhanced CH4 production under HHP was primarily attributed to oxidative stress induced by pressure, supported by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and comparative treatments with cadmium chloride and hydrogen peroxide. These results may provide a strong theoretical basis and practical guidance for future studies on the contribution of fungi to global CH4 flux.

Origin of Pressure Resistance in Deep-Sea Lactate Dehydrogenase.

High hydrostatic pressure has a dramatic effect on biochemical systems, as exposure to high pressure can result in structural perturbations ranging from dissociation of protein complexes to complete denaturation. The deep ocean presents an interesting paradox since it is teeming with life despite the high-pressure environment. This is due to evolutionary adaptations in deep-sea organisms, such as amino acid substitutions in their proteins, which aid in resisting the denaturing effects of pressure. However, the physicochemical mechanism by which these substitutions can induce pressure resistance remains unknown. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to study pressure-adapted lactate dehydrogenase from the deep-sea abyssal grenadier (Coryphaenoides armatus), in comparison with that of the shallow-water Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). We examined structural, thermodynamic and volumetric contributions to pressure resistance, and report that the amino acid substitutions result in a decrease in volume of the deep-sea protein accompanied by a decrease in thermodynamic stability of the native protein. Our simulations at high pressure also suggest that differences in compressibility may be important for understanding pressure resistance in deep-sea proteins.

Author Correction: Establishing safe high hydrostatic pressure devitalization thresholds for autologous head and neck cancer vaccination and reconstruction

Author Correction: Establishing safe high hydrostatic pressure devitalization thresholds for autologous head and neck cancer vaccination and reconstruction

Enhanced antioxidant activities, polyphenols, flavonoids, and free amino acid contents of Nelumbo nucifera bee pollen via high hydrostatic pressure treatment

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to address the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) bee pollen (LBP). The total phenolic contents (TPC) and free amino acids were determined and flavonoid composition was identified by UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS. Five analytical methods including DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, FRAP, and silver nanoparticles antioxidant capacity were used for the antioxidant activity analysis. The results revealed a significant increase in the TPC and free amino acid compositions after HHP treatment. The DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, FRAP, and AgNPAC of the extracted fractions were augmented by over 13.94, 2.9, 2.68, 85, and 2.6 times, respectively. PCA analysis showed a strong correlation between TPC, some distinct flavonoids, and antioxidant activities. These results indicated that HHP enhances the antioxidant activity of LBP via increase in amino acids, TPC, and some flavonoids such as Licoagrone, Kuwanon K, Cyanidin 3-rutinoside, etc.

Determining the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the refrigerated stability of avocado puree

The present study aimed to extend refrigerated stability of locally grown avocado fruit by applying High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) treatment. HHP was applied at 600 MPa for 3 min to avocado puree and stored at 4 °C for 28 days. Physicochemical (colour CIE L*, a*, b*, total oil amount, chlorophyll, pH, moisture) and microbiological (mesophilic, yeast-mould) analyses were performed at seven-day intervals on both control (untreated) and HHP-treated sample packs. It could be judged that HHP treatment effectively controlled the colour indices, preventing undesired changes during the cold storage period of avocado puree. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HHP-processed avocado puree exhibited stability for 28 days compared to unprocessed puree at 4 °C. The shelf-life stability of avocado puree under chilled conditions was extended from 7 to 28 days.Graphical

Modification of pepper seed protein isolate to improve its functional characteristic by high hydrostatic pressure

Pepper seed protein isolate (PSPI) is a valuable plant-based protein source, yet the impact of processing methods such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on its properties remains unclear. The impact of HHP on the structural and functional properties of PSPI at pH 7 and pH 9 was evaluated. Structural changes in PSPI were analyzed using spectral techniques, revealing significant alterations in the secondary and tertiary structures induced by HHP treatment. HHP treatment caused the unfolding of the PSPI structure, leading to the exposure of previously hidden chromophores and hydrophobic groups. The treatment also led to changes in free sulfhydryl groups and increased average particle size suggesting the formation of macromolecular polymers or insoluble aggregates. Consequently, the water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, foaming characteristics, and emulsifying activity index of the modified PSPI were significantly enhanced both at pH 7 and pH 9, with maximum improvements of 121.98 %, 157.29 %, 100.00 %, and 265.78 %, respectively. In conclusion, HHP is a promising strategy for enhancing the physicochemical properties of PSPI for various applications.

Modulating the techno-functional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) protein concentrate using high-pressure technologies and their impact on in vitro digestibility: A comparative study

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP; 200–600 MPa at 24 °C for 20 min) and dynamic high pressure (DHP; 50–180 MPa) were applied to modulate the techno-functional properties of quinoa protein concentrate (QPC) produced from non-defatted flour using a lab-scale extraction. QPC's unique composition, with 74.6 % protein and significant levels of unsaturated fatty acids, influenced the effects of HHP and DHP. HHP significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced hydration properties, peaking at 400 and 500 MPa (on average 4.34 g/g), while DHP reduced the oil absorption capacity from 2.5 to 1.8 g/g. Both processing techniques decreased QPC protein solubility. This reduction corresponded to decreased foaming capacity and emulsifying properties in HHP-processed QPC. DHP increased emulsifying activity and stability indices, with optimized improvements at 100 MPa of 39.4 and 414.4 %, respectively. These modifications in QPC's properties occurred without noticeable loss in in vitro protein digestibility (IVPDaverage = 86.1 %). The findings support the potential of high-pressure technologies to uniquely modulate different techno-functional properties of QPC, produced from non-defatted flour, while maintaining high digestibility, thereby offering greater versatility in its use. Industrial relevanceQuinoa is a strategic choice for diversifying plant protein sources, with the use of non-defatted flour in QPC production offering new insights into its composition and properties, reducing both costs and environmental impact. In this study, HHP and DHP, recognized as “green” physical processing technologies, demonstrated advantageous potential to develop innovative quinoa protein ingredients with added value and clean-label appeal, while maintaining their high nutritional value. The distinctive effects of high-pressure technologies and varying pressure levels on modulating QPC's techno-functional properties underscore the creation of multifunctional QPC and the optimization of key properties, addressing the urgent demands of the plant-based food segment.

High hydrostatic pressure processing of whole buckwheat grains to obtain functional gluten-free ingredients: Effect of pressure and holding time

High Hydrostatic pressure (HHP) represents an environmental-friendly and efficient non-thermal technology capable of inducing changes that can lead to functional improvements on starchy materials preserving the nutritional value of the original flours. The development of gluten-free (GF) flours and ingredients remain a challenge due to the need to improve the nutritional and techno-functional aspects of these commodities. Pre-soaked whole buckwheat (BW) grains were subjected to HHP treatment under different processing conditions: two pressure levels (300–600 MPa) and three holding times (0-5-15 min) to evaluate the techno-functional and nutritional response of the resulting flours. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in water absorption capacity and swelling capacity were observed in the flours resulting from longer treatment times (5–15 min) and the highest-pressure level (600 MPa). Higher thermal stability was also observed in the pasting profiles obtained for these flours. Flours resulting from HHP treatments at 600 MPa for 15 min also showed higher antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ORAC). The resulting flour from these processing conditions was used at different concentrations (15, 30, 50, and 70 %) in a GF bread formulation. An increase in the elastic modulus values of the doughs, the specific volume of the resulting bread and a reduction in the crumb firmness were observed in the formulations containing the BW-modified flour compared to the counterparts made with a native flour. Therefore, it can be concluded that the HHP treatment of whole buckwheat grains represents an interesting alternative for the development of ingredients with suitable technological and nutritional properties for gluten-free bakery formulations.

Investigation of the corrosion-wear failure mechanism of multilayer Cr/GLC coatings under hydrostatic pressure-tribocorrosion alternation

Graphite-like carbon (GLC) coating is a candidate protection coating for corrosion-wear resistance of materials surface in deep-sea environments. The mechanics-electrochemistry coupling failure mechanism and the corrosion-wear interaction failure of coatings have been an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this paper, the corrosion-wear failure behaviour of multilayer Cr/GLC coating during static corrosion-tribocorrosion alternating cycles at 0.1 MPa and 15 MPa was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curves and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the corrosion-wear morphology of multilayer Cr/GLC coating under high pressure and tribocorrosion coupling is more severe than that at atmospheric pressure, and the coating's corrosion resistance and wear resistance significantly decreased. High hydrostatic pressure amplifies the corrosive effect in the corrosion-wear interaction, accelerating purely mechanical wear and corrosion-accelerated wear processes of coatings. The action mechanism of complex mechanics and complex electrochemistry on the corrosion-wear failure of multilayer Cr/GLC coating is discussed.

Response of sedimentary microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes to aged Micro(Nano)plastics exposure under high hydrostatic pressure

Several studies reported that the presence of microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) in marine environments can alter microbial community and function. Yet, the impact of aged MPs/NPs on deep sea sedimentary ecosystems under high hydrostatic pressure remains insufficiently explored. Herein, the sedimentary microbial community composition, co-occurrence network, assembly, and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in response to aged MPs/NPs were investigated. Compared with the control, NPs addition significantly reduced bacterial alpha diversity (p < 0.05), whereas MPs showed no significant impact (p > 0.05). Moreover, networks under NPs exhibited decreased complexity than that under MPs and the control, including edges, average degree, and the number of keystone. The assembly of the microbial community was primarily governed by stochastic processes, and aged MPs/NPs increased the importance of stochastic processes. Moreover, exposure to MPs/NPs for one month decreased the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (from 94.8 to 36.2 TPM), while exposure for four months increased the abundance (from 40.6 to 88.1 TPM), and the shift of ARGs in sediment was driven by both functional modules and microbial community. This study is crucial for understanding the stress imposed by aged MPs/NPs on sedimentary ecosystems under high hydrostatic pressure.

Mechanistic understanding of changes in physicochemical properties of different rice starches under high hydrostatic pressure treatment based on molecular and supramolecular structures

The molecular and supramolecular structures of japonica and waxy rice starches under high hydrostatic pressure treatment (450 MPa) were studied and the changes in physicochemical properties were analyzed based on these structures. The molecular structures of japonica and waxy rice starch cause differences in the lamellar structure and physicochemical properties. The thickness of amorphous lamella of japonica rice starch increased at 5 min (2.95 nm) followed by a gradual collapse of lamellar structure. Whereas the thickness of crystalline lamellae of waxy rice starch increased at 15 min (5.92 nm) and the lamellae collapsed suddenly at 20 min. The pasting, rheological and textural characteristics of both starches increased significantly within 10 to 15 min. The decreasing onset temperature and enthalpy of high hydrostatic pressure-treated starches indicated easier gelatinization. High hydrostatic pressure-treatment offers potential for developing starch-based products with low swelling capacity, easy gelatinization, high viscosity and hardness.

High hydrostatic pressure treatment for advanced tissue grafts in reconstructive head and neck surgery.

The increasing importance of regenerative medicine has resulted in a growing need for advanced tissue replacement materials in head and neck surgery. Allo- and xenogenic graft processing is often time-consuming and can deteriorate the extracellular matrix (ECM). High hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-treatment could allow specific devitalization while retaining the essential properties of the ECM. Porcine connective tissue and cartilage were HHP-treated at 100-400 MPa for 10 min. Structural modifications following HHP-exposure were examined using electron microscopy, while devitalization was assessed through metabolism and cell death analyses. Furthermore, ECM alterations and decellularization were evaluated by histology, biomechanical testing, and DNA content analysis. Additionally, the inflammatory potential of HHP-treated tissue was evaluated in vivo using a dorsal skinfold chamber in a mouse model. The devitalization effects of HHP were dose-dependent, with a threshold identified at 200 MPa for fibroblasts and chondrocytes. At this pressure level, HHP induced structural alterations in cells, with a shift toward late-stage apoptosis. HHP-treatment preserved ECM structure and biomechanical properties, but did not remove cell debris from the tissue. This study observed a pressure-dependent increase of markers suggesting the occurrence of immunogenic cell death. In vivo investigations revealed an absence of inflammatory responses to HHP-treated tissue, indicating a favorable biological response to HHP. In conclusion, application of HHP devitalizes fibroblasts and chondrocytes at 200 MPa while retaining the essential properties of the ECM. Prospectively, HHP may simplify the preparation of allo- and xenogenic tissue replacement materials and increase the availability of grafts in head and neck surgery.

A review on advancements in emerging processing of whey protein: Enhancing functional and nutritional properties for functional food applications

AbstractWhey protein (WP) isolates are widely used in food products because they improve protein content, functional properties, and health benefits. It has been observed that WP can form conjugates with essential micronutrients, improving their dietary delivery and biological availability. WP and its derived bioactive peptides have potential health benefits in preventing chronic diseases. However, the off‐flavor and bitter peptides of WP are limiting factors that can be used in the food and beverage industries. Emerging innovative processing technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasonication, and extrusion, improve WP gelling ability, gel strength, and storage stability, providing high‐quality and healthy functional products. The integration of technological advancements into WP‐loaded fortified food products (FFPs) has increased the uptake rate of bioactive compounds, resulting in increased bioavailability and bioaccessibility in the human body. Furthermore, WP‐based FFPs treated with advanced thermal and nonthermal processing techniques possess better rheological properties, expansion ratios, and textural properties. Therefore, WP would be a promising and sustainable ingredient for developing stable functional foods. This review explores recent advancements in the processing technologies of WP, emphasizing their role in enhancing its bioavailability and functional properties for different food applications.

Characterization and Encapsulation Methods for Pomegranate Seed (P. Granatum) Oils, Review

The use of bioactive components in herbal products across different industries is growing.As a result, ecologically friendly techniques such simple mixing, pressure-assisted extraction, enzymatic extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed electric fields, high hydrostatic pressure, ohmic heating, and microwave-assisted extraction are being investigated. These methods enhance the equipment design, extraction efficiency and extraction method of bioactive constituents with organic solvents. Consequently, encapsulation techniques preserve oil quality and other pomegranate seed components. Encapsulation enables the safe delivery, preservation and regulation of the targeted release of bioactive constituents in food systems. This study provides information on encapsulation techniques that protect sensitive compounds and their benefits. Increasing problems related to food quality, safety and reliability cause undesirable effects on product quality. Capsulation and ecological methods are expected to achieve food safety and reliability goals in the future effectively.

Influence of deep-sea hydrostatic pressure on the tribocorrosion behavior and mechanism of La2O3–TiB2–Ni coating

To understand the tribocorrosion mechanism of TiB2–Ni coating doped with La2O3 in the deep ocean, the wear and corrosion test of La2O3–TiB2–Ni under various hydrostatic pressures was conducted and discussed in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. The results indicate that the tribocorrosion mechanism of the La2O3–TiB2–Ni coating transitions from abrasive wear with corrosion under 0.1 MPa to abrasive wear with corrosion and adhesive wear under high hydrostatic pressure. The La2O3–TiB2–Ni coating shows significant enhancements in wear resistance and anti-friction properties compared to the TiB2–Ni coating. As the hydrostatic pressure increases from 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa, the self-corrosion current density experiences an approximate increase of 43.6 μA/cm2.