High Hazard Zones Research Articles

Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System in Baitarani Basin of Odisha, India

Baitarani, the 6th largest river basin in Odisha, eastern India, faces water related challenges in its catchments. As one of the most frequent environmental disasters, floods are consistently cited in hotspots of the eastern region in India. Hence, in this study, flood susceptibility maps were generated for Baitarani River basin by using analytical hierarchy process technique and geographic information system. Eleven thematic maps of topographic ruggedness index, topographic wetness index, stream power index, elevation, lithology, soil, slope, drainage density, distance from drainage network, land use/land cover and normalized difference vegetation index were prepared for flood vulnerability mapping. The themes were assigned suitable weights depending on relative influence of each of the themes on flood risk. The results indicated that 87% of the basin falls under intermediate flood susceptibility zone, while 10% is classified under high flood hazard zone. Areas in the lower elevation catchment, particularly those with flat topography near the coastline, were identified as being highly susceptible to flooding. The impacts of severe flooding in the basin are most pronounced in specific blocks in Jajpur district (Jajpur, Dasarathpur, and Korei blocks), Bhadrak district (Dhamnagar and Bhandaripokhari blocks), and Anandapur block in the Keonjhar district of Odisha. Additionally, changes in land use/land cover during 1995-2020 revealed 8% decline in agricultural land and 13.93% increase in fallow land in the area. The outcomes of this research can help researchers, planners and managers in managing natural resources, find locations that could be vulnerable to flooding, and lessen the damage.

Flood hazard assessment using machine learning and hydrodynamic modeling: case study in the Vu Ga–Thu Bon basin in Vietnam

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was the construction of a theoretical framework to evaluate flood hazards by integrating machine learning and hydrodynamic modeling in Vietnam's Vu Gia–Thu Bon basin. MIKE FLOOD was used to simulate historical floods in 2017 in order to obtain flood depth and velocity. Support vector machine-stochastic gradient descent (SVM-SGD), decision trees (DT), and dagging (DA) were used to determine flood susceptibility. Flood hazard was constructed by combining the flood depth, velocity, and susceptibility using the analytic hierarchy process technique. The statistical indices AUC, RMSE, MAE, and NASH were used to evaluate the precision of the hydrodynamic and machine learning models. The results showed that hydrodynamic modeling was highly accurate, with a NASH value of 0.86. The proposed models achieved AUC values of 0.98 for SVM-SGD, 0.93 for DT, and 0.92 for DA. The results showed that 7.59% of the flood zones is located in the very low flood hazard zone, 108.2 km2 in the low flood hazard zone, 24.59% in the moderate flood hazard zone, 22.53% in the high flood hazard zone, and 10.01% in the very high flood hazard zone.

Respiratory and physical health consequences in older adults in a high-risk volcanic area: Comparison of two rural villages

Introduction Volcanism is an important natural producer of pollution that impacts health and the quality of the environment. Lung changes caused by exposure to volcanoes have been previously studied. However, limited information exists regarding the effects of prolonged exposure to volcanic compounds. So, this study aimed to analyze the pulmonary effects and stress tolerance in older adults for chronic exposure to the volcanic ashes of the Galeras volcano. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study of association included rural inhabitants aged over 60 years from Genoy, a village located in a high volcanic hazard zone of Galeras volcano, 2603 meters above sea level. Those in this group, called exposed, were contrasted with a sample of El Encano inhabitants with similar socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Both villages belong to the rural area of San Juan de Pasto in Colombia. Results It was found that of 31 exposed participants, 18 had obstructive alteration, and in the control group, it was found that of 31 subjects, 6 presented this alteration. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001). A similar situation occurred with distal airway obstruction assessed with the forced expiratory flow of 25–75%. No significant differences were found in restrictive alteration between the exposed and unexposed groups. Conclusion Chronic exposure to volcanic compounds has generated obstructive changes in the population, and these changes were greater in number and severity than those in the control group of unexposed people.

Experimental response of thin RC walls seismically strengthened with steel plates

In some Latin American countries, and especially in Colombia, the industrialized system of thin and slender walls has been chosen for the construction of residential buildings, thus reducing costs and increasing efficiency of construction processes. However, these walls differ considerably from traditional concrete wall system due to their reduced thickness, reinforcement detailing, and use of nonductile electro-welded reinforcement, which increases their seismic vulnerability, especially in tall buildings and in high seismic hazard zones. Strengthening proposals for walls with these specific characteristics of the industrialized system are scarce; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate alternatives that allow for improving their seismic performance. This article presents the experimental response of a thin wall that was brought to failure and subsequently repaired and strengthened with externally bonded steel plates to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair process and the strengthening. Additionally, the results of two thin walls externally strengthened with steel plates and bolts are presented, and their response is compared with that of the original walls. All the specimens were subjected to the same type of test under cyclical lateral load and constant axial load until failure. The behavior observed in the rehabilitated wall showed that it is possible to restore the stiffness of a wall that has previously been brought to a severe level of damage and increase its displacement capacity with the strengthening. In strengthened walls without previous damage, the displacement capacity was increased between 25 % and 43 %, reaching a roof drift of up to 2.0 % without a significant increase in resistance. A noticeable increase was obtained in the amount of dissipated energy (greater than 80 %), and the rupture of web reinforcement and buckling of longitudinal reinforcement of the boundaries were delayed for average drifts of 43 % and 32 % higher than in the original walls, respectively.

Downstream impacts of dam breach using HEC-RAS: a case of Budhigandaki concrete arch dam in central Nepal

Studies on concrete dam breach are limited compared to earthen and other types of dams. With an increase in the construction of concrete dams, particularly in the developing world, it is imperative to have a better understanding of the dam breach phenomena and the identification of the most influential breach parameters. This study aims to contribute to this gap by taking the case of the concrete arch dam proposed for the 1200 MW Budhigandaki Hydropower Project located in central Nepal. This study carries special significance for Nepal, primarily because of the increasing number of under construction and proposed large dams for water resources development in the country. We carry out dam breach analysis of the Budhigandaki dam using HEC-RAS 2D model to calculate the flood discharge peaks, time to peak, water surface elevation and the extent of inundation for two scenarios (with and without probable maximum flood) to estimate the damage on four downstream settlements. We carry out sensitivity analysis of the breach parameters on the flood magnitudes and severity. Results show that all the study locations lie in the high flood hazard zone. Flood peaks can reach as high as 286,000 m3s− 1 to 511,000 m3s− 1 in the considered settlements. The time to peak ranges from 11.3 to 17 h after the breach at these locations. We estimate that if a breach should happen, it would most likely inundate around 150,000 buildings, impact nearly 672,000 lives and flood 3,500 km of road downstream. Furthermore, dam breach elevation is found to be the most sensitive parameter to downstream floods. Hence, rather than structural measures, it is recommended that non-structural measures are implemented for minimizing the impacts of flood disasters at the study locations. The findings could be a useful reference for future dam projects in Nepal and other areas with similar hydrological and topographical conditions.

Landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) mapping of Doon Valley using multi-criteria analysis method based on remote sensing and GIS techniques

The occurrence of landslides is a costly and cataclysmic natural hazard that mainly occurs in hilly areas due to factors like earthquakes, cloud burst, extreme rainfall, human pressure, etc. leading to loss of biodiversity, property, and life. Effective and comprehensive landslide risk management is crucial to address landslide susceptibility. Utilizing remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, this work focuses on the landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) mapping. The study is specifically conducted in the Doon Valley. These advanced technologies help in identifying and categorizing the areas prone to landslides. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data at 30 m resolution and Sentinel-2B data at 10 m resolution were used to perform the remote sensing and GIS operations in ArcGIS Software. Thematic layers such as Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Slope, Geology, Soil Type, Elevation, Drainage Density, Vegetation, and Aspect were produced utilizing remote sensing and GIS data. The weighted overlay, a multi-criteria analysis method, was applied to assign attribute values to each thematic layer based on their importance, which was then combined to calculate the landslide hazard zone. The findings of this study demonstrate that landslides are more likely to occur near and above the Main Boundary Thrust/Fault (MBT). The high to very high hazard zone covers 16.64% of the total area, making landslides occurring more frequently. Additionally, the study found that the Doon Valley rivers’ upper segments are more susceptible to landslides than their lower segments. By integrating Remote Sensing and GIS techniques, it is possible to obtain extensive knowledge of regions prone to landslides. This information will be helpful for decision-makers and planners to reduce the impact of landslides in the near future.

Estimation of site-specific amplification function from quarter-wavelength velocity profile and its application to obtain local amplification maps

Quarter-wavelength (QWL) velocity refers to the S-wave velocity at a depth equal to one-fourth of the wavelength of the seismic waves. It provides valuable information about the characteristics of the subsurface material properties affecting seismic waves propagation. The Swiss Seismological Service (SED) network, with over 200 stations across different lithologies, offers a rich dataset to implement correlation between site properties and site amplification factors. The current study is based on a subset of 113 selected SED seismic stations for which shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles from geophysical measurements are available. We first meticulously analyzed and adjusted them to accurately determine the bedrock depth of the sites they are located on. Using empirical spectral modelling (ESM), we computed amplification functions from recorded earthquakes, referenced to the Swiss standard rock profile with a VS30 of 1100 m/s. Then we performed a bivariate analysis between empirical amplification functions, QWL velocity and QWL velocity contrast. The resulting coefficients are used to predict elastic amplification at frequencies between 0.5 and 10 Hz, with predictions generally being within 20–28% of observed values. We also developed an empirical equation relating VS30 (time-averaged Vs to 30 m depth) and κ0 (high-frequency attenuation parameter), to incorporate the anelastic term in the amplification. Applying our method to a 3D geophysical model of Visp, a high seismic hazard zone in Switzerland, we found it effective in predicting 1D site amplification, but noted caution in areas susceptible of 2D/3D resonance effects. A calibration function based on observed vs. predicted amplification and the frequencies of estimation normalized by the expected 2D resonance frequency improved predictions for Visp. Our study demonstrates that QWL velocity profiles offer a straightforward approach for characterizing site effects, which can be used in seismic hazard assessment to evaluate the potential amplification of ground motions.

Integrated flood hazard assessment using multi-criteria analysis and geospatial modeling

Floods are one of the most prevalent disasters worldwide, including in the capital city of Indonesia. Multi-criteria decision analysis is combined with Geographic Information Systems to produce a mapping of flood hazard areas. The weighting for each parameter is based on six criteria: rainfall, slope gradient, topography, soil type, land cover, and distance from rivers. The flood hazard map is validated using inundation data from the Regional Disaster Management Agency for the years 2015 and 2020. From the general analysis, it can be determined that the parameter most influencing floods is rainfall with a weight of 0.270, followed by slope gradient at 0.164, topography at 0.124, soil type at 0.096, land cover at 0.190, and distance from rivers at 0.155. Therefore, through mapping using QGIS, it is revealed that in 2002, highly flood hazard areas comprised 20.99% of the total Ciliwung Watershed area, which increased to 24.31% in 2020. The validation of the flood hazard map was conducted by recording the coordinate points of flood incidents in 2015 and 2020, revealing that the affected areas within the Ciliwung Watershed occurred in high to very high vulnerability zones. This research demonstrates that flood events in the study area occurred in high to very high flood hazard zones. The results of this study are considered valuable and important for providing accurate information to local governments to develop cost-effective and efficient strategies in dealing with potential flood hazards.

GIS-based MCDM approach for landslide hazard zonation mapping in east Gojjam zone, central Ethiopia

Landslides are prevalent in the Ethiopian highlands, particularly in the east Gojjam zone, which is highly affected by landslide problems. This research was carried out in the east Gojjam zone, northwestern Ethiopia. The study area is part of an economically important area in the country, and it is the main source of water for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The main objective of this work was to undertake a detailed inventory of past landslide locations and prediction of present and future landslide hazards, as well as the preparation of a landslide zonation map in the East Gojjam zone by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the GIS technique. The parameters used for this study were slope degree, slope aspect, land use and land cover, road proximity, rainfall, lithology, altitude, and river proximity. The various causative parameters were collected from the field, and suitable modifications were made to the thematic maps. Finally, the ratings for various parameters were used as the basis to prepare the LHZ map in GIS windows. The landslide susceptibility and inventory mapping were produced in the GIS environment. The results of the study show that the main driving factors for the landslide hazards in the area were river proximity, rainfall, and manmade activities. Validation of this LHZ map revealed that more than 80% of past landslides match within the "high hazard zone" and reasonably accepted the rationality of the adopted methodology. The considered parameters, as well as their evaluation of the production of LHZ-Map, were confirmed. The produced landslide inventory map is very important for urban planners, agricultural studies, environmentalists, and future landslide hazardous prevention and mitigation strategies.

Flood hazard analysis and risk assessment using remote sensing, GIS, and AHP techniques: a case study of the Gidabo Watershed, main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia

This research aimed to evaluate flood hazards and risk areas in the Gidabo Watershed using remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Six main factors were considered to identify flooding hazard zones: drainage density (DD), soil, elevation, rainfall, slope, and land use land cover (LULC). Population density, flood hazard zone, and LULC were considered for mapping the flood risk zone in the Gidabo watershed. A weighted overlay analysis tool has been utilized to integrate the thematic layers to identify both flood hazard and flood risk zones. The findings indicated that about 41.6% (337 km2) of the watershed falls within the high and very high flooding hazard zones. Conversely, 31.11% (252 km2) of the watershed is categorized under very-low and low flooding hazards. Moreover, the study identified five flood risk zones in the area viz; very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The result of the flood risk map revealed that 199.5 km2 (24.5%) of the watershed has a higher and very higher risk of flooding. These zones were validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.943. These results emphasize the need to implement prediction of floods, early warning systems, and effective management practices on a regular and sustainable basis.

Prediction of local site influence on seismic vulnerability using machine learning: A study of the 6 February 2023 Türkiye earthquakes

This study uses machine learning to analyze local seismic features' influence on damage from the 6 February 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes.The input features include Vs30 (the average shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m), f0 (the predominant frequency of the site), A0 (HVSR ratio for the site), and EBd (engineering bedrock depth), along with the target feature of damage status for 44 locations. Machine learning involves Random Forest (RF), K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Trees (DT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and Multilayer Perceptron (MP) algorithms. Also, five-fold cross-validation is employed to acquire suitable hyperparameters, enhancing its efficacy in modeling small sample sets. RF emerged as the most effective in whole performance metrics, presenting recall scores for damage and no damage conditions respectively by a 94% and 92% ratio and achieving a damage status prediction accuracy of 93%. All remaining algorithms also exhibited remarkable performance, reaching a minimum accuracy of 89% by DT, and recall score for no damage condition with 80% by MP and damage condition with 88% by SVM and SGD. The outcomes definitively designate EBd as the most crucial parameter, attributing 52% importance to its role in building damage occurrence within the study area. In contrast, significance values were determined as 24%, 18%, and 6% for f0, Vs30 and A0 respectively. These findings underscore the importance of demonstrating that initial damage estimation in high seismic hazard zones can be effectively carried out using machine learning approaches through seismic-based local site parameters.

Flood hazard mapping using GIS‐based AHP approach for Krishna River basin

AbstractFlood hazard mapping is an essential tool for determining the risk and susceptibility of flood‐prone locations. This constitutes various criteria and factors that require a methodical and comprehensive decision‐making framework. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the popular multi‐criterion decision‐making (MCDM) technique, which deals with the complicated problems, including qualitative and quantitative factor, is utilized in this study for developing flood hazard maps in integration with geographic information system (GIS). Flood hazard maps are developed for the Krishna River basin using AHP‐GIS. Digital elevation model, rainfall data, soil data and Landsat images are used to extract the various hazard indicators. Nine hazard indicators are employed in this study to prepare the thematic layers, which includes Topographical Wetness Index, elevation, slope rainfall, LULC, Normalized Difference Wetness Index, distance from river, soil type and drainage density. The thematic layers are combined in Arc GIS using weighted overlay method to prepare the flood hazard zonation maps. The hazard maps are classified in three categories as low, moderate and high hazard zones. For the Krishna River basin, 30 percent area was found in high hazard. The outcomes derived from the AHP‐GIS method are validated by comparing them with situational reports pertinent to the area, showcasing a robust agreement with the available dataset.

Mitigation Control on Industrial Allotment Area Plan based on Tsunami Hazard Prone Zoning Area in Purworejo Regency, Central Java

Purworejo district has determined an industrial allotment area of 922,238 hectares along the south coast. Meanwhile, the coast of Purworejo Regency is part of the southern coast of Java Island and has the potential to be affected by tsunamis. Tsunami disaster events in the south of Java Island recorded run-up of up to 15,7 meters and recent research shows a potential run-up of 34 meters. The study aimed to identify tsunami hazard zones and directions of control based on modelling of inundation potential. The determination of the hazard zone was conducted through spatial classification analysis, while the direction of mitigation control was formulated by descriptive analysis. The high tsunami hazard zone in the 15,7 meters run-up scenario covers 0,33% of the industrial allotment area and the high tsunami hazard zone in the 20 meters run-up scenario covers 3,47% of the industrial allotment area so that the direction of mitigation included strengthening foundations and adapting buildings, providing disaster infrastructure, optimizing regional protection functions, and limiting building density. The high tsunami hazard zone in the 34 meters run-up scenario covers 99,12% of the industrial allotment area so that directional mitigation control is the displacement of the entire industrial allotment area.

InSAR-based landslide hazard mapping and identification of at-risk infrastructures in a selected district of North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

The devastating nature of landslides demands a thorough understanding of their spatial distribution and the risks they pose to human settlements and infrastructural assets. In this study, we employed a combination of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to explore the western escarpment of the Main Ethiopian Rift, with a focus on selected districts within the northern Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. By analyzing the SAR data, we derived 28 displacement maps and utilized them to create a comprehensive landslide hazard zonation map. The results indicated significant ground displacement, particularly along the rift margins and areas characterized by rugged terrain. The hazard zones were classified based on their level of risk, with 44% classified as very low, 24% as low, 5% as moderate, 13% as high, and 14% as very high hazard zones. The accuracy of our results was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, which was conducted utilizing landslide inventory data. The analysis demonstrated a remarkable area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.848, providing strong evidence for the validity of our findings. Additionally, our study involved a spatial and statistical assessment of major infrastructure, revealing that 20 to 28% of these properties were in hazard zones ranging from moderate to very high levels, which calls for efficient risk-reduction actions. Therefore, this finding enables stakeholders to identify high-risk areas, prioritize mitigation efforts, and minimize the impact of landslide disasters.

Comprehensive analytical study on seismic performance of concrete structures equipped with self-centered hybrid wall system in moderate to high seismic hazard zones

Comprehensive analytical study on seismic performance of concrete structures equipped with self-centered hybrid wall system in moderate to high seismic hazard zones

Flood Hazard Mitigation at Tarusan Watershed, South Pesisir District, West Sumatera Province

Floods are the most common natural disasters in Indonesia and have enormous potential. This study aims to determine the flood hazard zone and regional arrangement in the Tarusan Watershed, South Pesisir Regency. To determine the flood hazard zone using the GIS approach. The indicators used to determine flood hazard are slope, rainfall, soil type, landform, geology, and land use. Determine the direction of regional arrangement with an Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. The results showed that the high flood hazard zone in the Tarusan watershed is about 22% of the total area, the medium index is around 58%, and the low flood hazard index is 20%. The high - hazard zone of flood disasters in the study area is caused by high rainfall and topographic conditions of the Tarusan Watershed. The main priority in the management of flood - hazard areas in the Tarusan Watershed is to find economic alternatives to reduce forest destruction. Increasing the economic value of the community can lead to reduced community activities in carrying out land conversion, especially in forest areas.

A Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Vembanad Lake, Kerala and Its Primary Inflows Based on the Seasonal Variations

The ecology of lakes is largely dependent on rivers. However, because research has frequently concentrated on rivers and lakes independently, the interconnectivity between them is poorly defined. During the present study, hydrochemical investigation of surface water from the Vembanad Lake and its primary inflows, Periyar, Muvattupuzha, Manimala, Meenachil, Pamba and Achenkovil were carried out. This study describes the quality and suitability of lake and river water for consumption and irrigation purposes. It also aids in determining the influence of six rivers over the Vembanad lake water quality. Total 80 samples were collected during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Various physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, pH, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate and Sulphate were analysed. The chemical classification using Piper trilinear diagram reveals that sodium is the predominant cation in both seasons. The Water Quality Index value of the Vembanad Lake is found to be higher in the pre-monsoon season compared to the postmonsoon. Sodium hazard (Sodium Adsorption Ratio- SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonates (RSC), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Kelly's Ratio (KR) and Permeability Index (PI) are the parameters used to identify the irrigation water quality. Based on the irrigation water quality parameters it can be concluded that water from southern portion of the lake and six inflows are suitable for irrigation purpose. The U.S. Salinity diagram indicates that the northern portion of the lake occupies the high sodium hazard zone. The water quality of the southern portion of the Vembanad Lake is chiefly controlled by its primary freshwater in flows and the northern portion by the saline water from the Arabian Sea. Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry, Water Quality, Sodium Adsorption Ratio,Vembanad Lake Kerala

Numerical analysis of seismic behavior of an arched-roof 3D-Printed building

3D-Printed Concrete (3DPC) can reduce the consumption of materials, construction costs, and implementation time, as well as increase sustainability. Seismic safety is one of the necessities of any structure in a high earthquake hazard zone. The lack of scientific and engineering studies in this area would highlight the importance of studying seismic safety in 3DPC building structures. This paper is focused on the basic specifications of 3DPC buildings under earthquake excitations. The authors conducted a thorough theoretical study due to the pilot nature of the research. A prescriptive evaluation was conducted based on the existing seismic regulations for similar structures. The main goal of the research was to create the necessary platform for applied studies, which was achieved through theoretical investigations and prescriptive evaluations. For this purpose, the finite element modeling of a 3DPC building with an arch roofing system was implemented and analyzed using ABAQUS software. Based on the main results, the most remarkable weakness of such a structure was the material's poor tension behavior. The arrangement of the internal partitions (infill walls), the shear performance of the walls, and the relative displacement of the components were other effective factors of the 3DPC building under seismic loads. The results showed that the truss-like performance of the arch roof in the considered 3DPC building probably caused the undesirable structural responses under the seismic loads.

Landslide hazard assessment in Yateras municipality, Cuba

The main objective of this study in the Yateras municipality was the landslide hazard zonation (LHZ). The multi-criteria decision method used by Saaty (1980) was adopted, considering the factors; slope angle, elevation, distance to rivers, distance to the fault, average annual rainfall, lithology, soil depth and soil type. The weights of the factors were determined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), determining that average annual rainfall, lithology and soil depth obtained the highest weights in the process, being 0.24, 0.19 and 0.16 respectively. Landslide susceptibility indices were determined based on a continuous numerical scale developed for this purpose. It was found that the high and medium hazard zones corresponded to the northeast and east of the municipality. These zones are mainly made up of rocks of the ophiolitic complex, very affected structurally, which are characterized by a high density of faults and a dense hydrological network, shallow soils with a predominance of brown soils with a clayey matrix.

Seismic assessment and strengthening of a RC building using pushover analysis

Many existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings in moderate to high seismic hazard zones (including old RC buildings and historical structures in Palestine) have inadequate capacity to resist earthquake loads, most of the existing and old buildings were designed and constructed according to earlier codes, which did not satisfy modern seismic design requirements and current engineering standards, as well as other reasons which may also lead to failure such as the faulty structural design and improper construction, alteration of building functions, changes of seismic load characteristics in the area, etc. Procedures of performance-based analysis using nonlinear static analysis (pushover) were used here to study the performance of a proposed RC frame building in different seismic zones in Palestine, the seismic response and performance of these cases were discussed. The results and analyses of the studied cases showed that the proposed steel jacking system managed to avoid the collapse plastic hinges and to reduce displacements and drifts, it was found that the building fulfilled its seismic design criteria after the application of the strengthening strategy.