High Hay Research Articles

Hay Yield, Quality and Competition of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Intercropping

A 2-year field study was carried out to determine the hay yield, quality, and competition of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) mixtures at various ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60; 30:70, 20:80, 10:90, 0:100) in the coastal region of the Black Sea (Ordu, Turkey). The plots were harvested during the filling period of the lower beans in Hungarian vetch. The field experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with 4 replications for each year. Hay yield, crude protein ratio and yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and interspecies competition of the mixtures were determined. It was determined that sole Hungarian vetch planting and Hungarian vetch-Italian ryegrass mixtures had higher hay yield and quality scores compared to sole Italian ryegrass planting. The highest hay and crude protein yield (respectively; 4026 and 732.6 kg ha-1) was obtained from 90% Hungarian vetch + 10% Italian ryegrass mixture and it revealed lower ADF and NDF ratios than any other mixtures. There was no statistical difference between the land equivalent ratio (LER) values of the mixtures; however, Italian ryegrass was found to be more aggressive in the mixtures. These results suggest that, in temperate and rainy regions, 90% Hungarian vetch + 10% Italian ryegrass mixture for winter sowing could be cultured.

Comparison of feeding systems: feed cost, palatability and environmental impact among hay‐fattened beef, consistent grass‐only‐fed beef and conventional marbled beef in Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle)

The objective of this article is to compare feed cost, palatability and environmental impacts among feeding systems of high concentrate (HC), high hay (HH) and grass-only-fed (Gof) groups. Feed cost was the sum of costs paid for feed intake times the price of feed per kilogram. Palatability was measured by a panel taste test using HH and Gof beef and analyzed for differences. Environmental impacts were calculated based on 1 kg of Japanese beef yield of CO(2) equivalents (eq) and animal end weights at each feeding stage. Results showed that the HH and Gof feeding systems could significantly reduce feed costs by approximately 60% and 78%, respectively, from the HC. In the panel taste test, 50% and 47.50% of panelists indicated that HH beef was 'extremely delicious' and 'acceptable,' respectively, while 15% indicated that Gof beef was 'extremely delicious'; 62.50% indicated that Gof beef was 'acceptable.' Environmental impacts of each feeding system in terms of CO(2) equivalents (eq) were 9.32, 6.10 and 2.04 tonnes of eq for the HC, HH and Gof, respectively. The HH was an economical system that produced moderate impacts on the environment and had impressive taste.

Comparison of Indigenous Browses and Sunflower Seed Cake Supplementation on Intake and Growth Performance of Dual-purpose Goats Fed Buffel Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) Hay

A study to compare the effects of supplementing Delonix elata, Grewia similis, Tamarindus indica and sunflower seed cake on intake and growth rate of dual-purpose goats fed low quality Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) hay was carried out. Twenty-eight male goats aged five to seven months (mean weight 12.93±3.94 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary groups in a completely randomised design. The diets were hay plus Grewia similis, hay plus Delonix elata, hay plus Tamarindus indica and hay plus sunflower seed cake. All diets were supplemented with maize bran. The experimental period was 90 days. Voluntary dry matter intake of the supplements was higher for Tamarindus indica (275.5 g/day) and Grewia similis (201.8 g/day) and lowest for sunflower seed cake (81 g/day). Goats supplemented with Grewia similis had the highest hay intake (183.8 g/day) while those supplemented with sunflower seed cake had the lowest hay intake (98.9 g/day). Animals fed browse supplements gained significantly more weight (p<0.001) than those with sunflower seed cake. There were no significant differences in live weight change between goats fed the different browses. However, those fed Tamarindus indica gained an average of 20.79 g/d which was slightly higher than the gains for those on Grewia similis and Delonix elata while those fed sunflower seed cake lost weight. Correspondingly, goats supplemented with browse leaf meals had higher feed conversion ratios than those supplemented with sunflower seed cake and required 23.91 to 35.06 g DM of feed to produce one g of weight gain per day. In a separate study, the DM disappearance pattern indicated that Grewia similis and Delonix elata were highly degradable compared to Tamarindus indica. At 24 h of incubation, DM degradability was 627, 588 and 345 g/kg DM for Grewia similis, Delonix elata and Tamarindus indica, respectively. In another study in vivo DM digestibility ranged from 46.1% (for hay alone) to 56.2% (for hay plus Grewia similis). It was concluded that the addition of Tamarindus indica, Grewia similis and Delonix elata leaf meals to Cenchrus ciliaris hay resulted in increased total DM intake, in vivo digestibility and growth rate. Therefore, leaf meals of indigenous browses particularly Tamarindus indica and Grewia similis could be used as supplementary feeds for small ruminants grazing on poor quality roughages during the dry season rather than use of expensive, less effective and intermittently available sunflower seed cake. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 7 : 966-972)

Erzurum Şartlarında Adi Fiğ (Vicia sativa L.)’in Ekim ve Hasat Zamanlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma / A Research on Determination of Seeding and Cutting Time in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Under Erzurum Conditions

OZET: Adi fig (Vicia sativa L.)’in ekim ve hasat zamanlari hem ot hem de tohum uretimlerinde onem tasimaktadir. Bu calismada fig icin ekim ve hasat zamanlari ele alinmistir. Arastirma Ataturk Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi deneme tarlalarinda 2000 ve 2001 yillarinda yurutulmustur. Arastirma ot ve tohum uretimi icin iki ayri deneme halinde kurulmustur. Her iki denemede de bitkiler 3 farkli donemde (nisan ayinin ikinci yarisi, mayis ayinin ilk yarisi ve mayis ayinin ikinci yarisi) ekilmistir. Bicim zamani olarak ot uretimi denemesinde (Deneme I) alt baklalarin olusum baslangici, alt baklalarin doldugu donem ve bitkideki butun baklalarin % 50’sinin doldugu donem ele alinmistir. Tohum uretim denemesinde (Deneme II) ise bicimler baklalarin 1/3, 2/3 ve tamaminin olgunlastigi donemde yapilmistir. Arastirmada elde edilen iki yillik sonuclara gore, ekim ve hasat zamanlari figde hem ot verimini hem de tohum verimini etkilemistir. En yuksek ot ve tohum verimleri erken yapilan ekimlerden alinmistir. Bu nedenle fig Erzurum sartlarinda ilkbaharda mumkun oldugunca erken ekilmelidir. Ot uretimi icin alt baklalarin veya bitkideki butun baklalarin % 50’sinin doldugu devrede bicilmelidir. Tohum uretimi icin ise bitkideki baklalarin 1/3-2/3’unun olgunlastigi devrede hasat edilmelidir. Anahtar kelimeler : Fig, ekim zamani, hasat zamani, ot verimi, tohum verimi A Research on Determination of Seeding and Cutting Time in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Under Erzurum Conditions ABSTRACT : Determination of sowing and harvesting time is significant for achieving high seed and hay yields in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). This study investigated the effects of sowing and harvesting times in common vetch. The experiment was established in the field of research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture of Ataturk University in 2000 and 2001 growing season. The research was conducted as two experiments; hay and seed production. Plants were sown 3 different dates (second half of april, first half of may and second half of may) for both experiments. In experiment I, three cutting stages were used for hay production; the stage of beginning lower pods formation, full seed filling of lower pods and 50 % seed filling of all pods. For seed production (in Experiment II) cutting stages were 1/3, 2/3 and all of pods matured. Averaged over two years, sowing and cutting dates affected both hay and seed yield of common vetch. The highest hay and seed yield were obtained from early sowing date. Therefore, common vetch should be sown as early as possible at spring under Erzurum conditions. Vetch should be harvested at the stages of full seed filling of lower pods and 50 % seed filling of all pods, and at stages when 1/3-2/3 of pods reached maturity for hay production and seed production, respectively. Key words : Common vetch, seeding time, cutting time, hay yield, seed yield

Efficiency of Feed Utilization in Holsteins Selected for Yield

Feed intakes were obtained for d 71 through d 120 postpartum for 36 first lactation selection and 32 control cows during the last 3 yr of a 16-yr selection experiment for FCM yield in Holsteins. The ration consisted of concentrates fed according to production, limited alfalfa hay, and ad libitum corn silage. The higher estimated net energy intake by selection cows was due primarily to their significantly higher silage intake. Grain intake was slightly higher for the selection animals, but the control animals had a slightly higher hay intake. Neither differences was statistically significant. Only small and statistically nonsignificant differences in BW and weight change were found between the two groups. Selection animals had a 7.6% advantage in gross efficiency for the 50-d trial. Selection for yield gave a desired correlated change in gross feed efficiency.

A GRASS-ALFALFA MIXTURE COMPARED WITH CEREAL GRAINS FOR FODDER PRODUCTION UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS

From 1952 to 1960 at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, the performance of a grass-alfalfa mixture was compared to that of oats and of wheat on dryland, principally from the standpoint of hay production. Average annual hay yields over the 9-year period were similar, but within single years large differences in yield occurred between crops. In seasons with favourable precipitation the perennial forage mixture gave higher hay yields, while the cereals gave the highest yields during very dry seasons.Small yields from the perennial crop were associated with low rainfall in May. It was concluded that perennial forage crops should be the main source of winter feed in a semi-arid climate, if used in conjunction with a cereal crop for insurance.

HIGH AND LOW DOSAGE POLLEN EXTRACT TREATMENT IN SUMMER HAY FEVER AND ASTHMA

AllergyVolume 9, Issue 3 p. 183-187 HIGH AND LOW DOSAGE POLLEN EXTRACT TREATMENT IN SUMMER HAY FEVER AND ASTHMA A. W. FRANKLAND, A. W. FRANKLAND LondonSearch for more papers by this author A. W. FRANKLAND, A. W. FRANKLAND LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1955 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1955.tb03687.xCitations: 14AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume9, Issue3November 1955Pages 183-187 RelatedInformation