Higher Gratitude Research Articles

The gratitude model of body appreciation and intuitive eating: Replication and extension of the model to explain intuitive eating facets among young adult women in China

The current study replicated and extended the gratitude model of body appreciation and intuitive eating in Chinese women. Using a sample of 957 young Chinese women, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test two previously established models derived from samples of American (original model) and Japanese (modified model) women. Results indicated that the modified model had a better fit and was largely replicated in the Chinese context. Higher gratitude was associated with lower appearance and others’ approval of self-worth, higher body appreciation, and greater intuitive eating. Also, we further extended the model by exploring whether and how the model could explain intuitive eating facets. Results showed unique links between the core variables in the model and each facet of intuitive eating. Specifically, findings of the excellent model fit indicate that interventions focused on cultivating gratitude may be promising in promoting body appreciation and intuitive eating in young Chinese women. Also, interventions based on the model might be modified to address specific facets of intuitive eating, which may enhance the effectiveness of future interventions. Future research should use longitudinal and experimental designs and develop culturally adapted models to advance our understanding of how the gratitude model of body appreciation and intuitive eating applies to Chinese women.

Lower perceived stress among physically active elite private university students with higher levels of gratitude.

Elite private universities have high stress levels, particularly for underrepresented populations. While physical activity and gratitude can both reduce stress, independent effects from gratitude and interaction effects between physical activity and gratitude on stress are insufficiently explored. Our study investigated these effects among undergraduates at elite private universities. Undergraduates (n = 145) completed an online survey in Fall 2022. Moderate-high physical activity levels were reported by 96.19% of the sample. No significant interaction effect between physical activity and gratitude was seen nor a significant main effect of physical activity on perceived stress. A significant main effect of gratitude on perceived stress [F (2, 99) = 16.732, p < .001, ω2 = .253] was found with higher perceived stress among participants with low compared to moderate (p = .001) or high gratitude (p < .001). Gratitude exerted an independent, significant effect on perceived stress among elite university undergraduates and could be used as an additional healthy coping mechanism along with physical activity to combat stress.

Better emotion regulation mediates gratitude and increased stress in undergraduate students across a university semester.

It is well established that university students are vulnerable to poor mental health. Although increased gratitude has been shown to reduce stress among students, a clearer understanding of key mechanisms underpinning this relationship are needed to better inform theoretical models and potential interventions targeted at improving well-being in university students. The present study provides the first direct test of whether capacity for emotion regulation mediates the relationship of gratitude with stress at the beginning and middle of the academic semester. This study is also the first to assess this relationship in a cross-lagged panel mediation model. We used a repeated measures design and a total of 343 undergraduate students completed two online surveys with validated measures of gratitude, stress, and emotion regulation-one at the beginning and the second in the middle of the academic semester. Results showed that emotion regulation mediated the relationship between gratitude and stress at the beginning of semester, and again 6weeks later. A Clogg's z-score test suggested that the strength of the indirect effect significantly increased across the two time points. A post-hoc cross-lagged panel model found that high gratitude at the beginning of the semester predicted low stress in the middle of the semester via emotion regulation. These data provide novel evidence that emotion regulation may serve as a key protective factor against undergraduate stress. The results provide evidence to support leading theories on how gratitude can reduce stress and promote well-being in university students. They also highlight the practical importance of strengthening emotion regulation abilities in university students and can be used to inform future targeted interventions to improve well-being in university students.

Şükran Günlüklerı̇nı̇n Depresyon, Anksı̇yete ve Psı̇kolojı̇k İyi Oluşla İlişkisi

The purpose of the study to examine the relationship between gratitude diaries, depression, anxiety and psychological well-being. It is designed as two groups as experimental study, control and experimental group. There are total of 36 participants that kept the gratitude diary and 25 participants in the normal diary group. The data of the study were collected using the sociodemographic form, Beck depression and anxiety scale, psychological well-being scale, appreciation-gratitude scales. These scales were applied to the participants twice, before the 4-week study and then after. As a result, the rates depression and anxiety of individuals keeping a gratitude diary are lower compared to the individuals who do not keep a gratitude diary. In addition, the fact that keeping a gratitude diary increases the psychological well-being and individuals with high gratitude rates have a positive relationship with psychological well-being.

The effect of gratitude on death anxiety is fully mediated by optimism in Lebanese adults following the 2023 earthquake

BackgroundExploring the levels of death anxiety and factors that can undermine its impact are crucial for the Lebanese nationals. Even though studies have shown various relationships between death anxiety and several factors, very few to no research has been done to show the relationship of death anxiety, gratitude and optimism. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to assess the mediating role of optimism in the association between gratitude and death anxiety, along with investigating the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Death Anxiety Scale.MethodsA one-time-point online survey was conducted among Arabic-speaking community adults from the general population of Lebanon (N = 601; mean age 29.91 ± 12.61; 62.7% females). The following scales were used: Scale of Death Anxiety, Optimism–Pessimism Short Scale–2, and Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form.ResultsThe results of the mediation analysis showed that optimism fully mediated the association between gratitude and death anxiety. Higher gratitude was significantly associated with more optimism; higher optimism was significantly associated with less death anxiety. Finally, higher gratitude was not directly associated with death anxiety.ConclusionOur study reveals the relationship between gratitude and death anxiety and the mediating role of optimism. Our results need to be confirmed in a longitudinal study, but point to the importance of assessing optimism in prevention and management of persons with death anxiety.

Online sharing behaviors driven by need for approval: the choice of individuals with low social intelligence and high gratitude?

Knowledge sharing as an altruistic behavior has gained widespread attention. In the information age, online sharing is increasingly popular and has become an important way of exchanging and stimulating knowledge. Through a survey of 458 employees in China, this study examines the influence mechanism of need for approval on individual online sharing behavior and the moderating effect of gratitude and social intelligence. Study findings show that self-presentation has a mediating effect between need for approval and online sharing behavior, and individual need for approval can promote online sharing behavior by enhancing self-presentation. Gratitude and social intelligence both have positive moderating effects on the relations between self-presentation and online sharing behavior. Gratitude moderates the indirect influence of need for approval on online sharing behavior through self-presentation. Individuals with high gratitude and high social intelligence at the same time can strengthen the positive effect of self-presentation on online sharing behavior. Individuals can meet their approval need and obtain learning opportunities through online sharing behaviors. Organizations can select talents and obtain valuable information by establishing sharing platforms. Governments should also regulate online platforms for knowledge exchange as well as encourage individual online sharing behaviors.

Gratitude Practice to Decrease Stress and Burnout in Acute-Care Health Professionals

Work stress and burnout are reported barriers to quality patient care and job satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of participation in a 21-day gratitude journaling intervention on healthcare professionals' reported gratitude levels. A secondary aim was to determine the correlation between increased gratitude and decreased work-related stress and burnout. Gratitude increased post-intervention (p&lt; 0.05) and remained elevated three months later (p&lt; 0.01). Stress significantly decreased post-intervention (p &lt; 0.01), and remained decreased (p&lt; 0.01) at the twelve-week measure. Burnout significantly decreased post-intervention, with a 3-month effect. Higher gratitude was significantly associated with lower stress (p&lt; 0.01), disengagement (p&lt; 0.05), and exhaustion (p&lt; 0.05). This is the first known study to evaluate the practice of gratitude for managing burnout in healthcare workers. Implications are significant considering the consequence of negative job demands on the quality of patient care and work satisfaction.

Resilience and well-being among persons with spinal cord injury/disorders.

We examined positive behavioral resources and characteristics that might distinguish resilient personality prototypes among persons with chronic spinal cord injury/disorder (SCID). Positive psychology variables with clear linkages to existing psychological interventions were examined as potential mediators of the resilience-well-being relationship. Research Method and Design: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted. Two hundred and ninety-eight consenting members of the Paralyzed Veterans of America (268 male; 236 self-identified as white) provided useable survey data for analysis (including 161 veterans with tetraplegia, 107 with paraplegia, 30 with cauda equina). Cluster analysis of Big Five personality traits identified resilient and nonresilient personality profiles. Tests of mean differences between resilient and nonresilient participants on behavioral resources and characteristics were performed. Path models predicting well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were conducted. One hundred and sixty-three respondents had resilient personality profiles and 135 had nonresilient profiles. Resilient individuals reported significantly more optimal scores on every positive psychology variable, and greater well-being and HRQL than nonresilient respondents. Path models found the relationship of resilience to well-being was explained through its beneficial associations with psychological flexibility, use of personal strengths, meaning in life (MIL), and gratitude. Psychological flexibility also mediated the resilience-HRQL relationship. Cauda equina was significantly associated with higher pain interference and lower HRQL. Higher gratitude, MIL, use of personal strengths, and psychological flexibility appear to characterize resilience and well-being among persons with chronic SCID. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of pain interference on HRQL among individuals with cauda equina. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Further Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Current Experiences Scale and Model of Resiliency.

BackgroundStress-related disease is increasing, with high resilience proposed as protective. Whilst the Current Experiences Scale (CES) shows promise as a measure of resilience, its psychological correlates and relationship to psychological stress remain unclear.Objectives(1) Further explore the psychometric properties of the CES, (2) identify modifiable psychological factors associated with the CES and (3) test a previously published model for the influence of adaptive strategies and stress management factors on resiliency and stress.MethodsN = 455 individuals (mean age = 47.8, 65.1% female) completed measures of adaptive strategies: mindfulness (Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised), positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and gratitude (The Gratitude Questionnaire), stress management skills: coping (Measure of Current Status-A), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8) and anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder Assessment) and outcomes: resilience (CES) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale). Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined the psychometric properties of the CES. Multivariable regression identified psychological variables associated with resilience. Structural equation modelling (SEM) tested the previously published model for resilience.ResultsThe CES and its subscales showed good internal consistency (ɑ = .75-.93). The 23-item CES produced excellent results for model fit (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = .07, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = .06, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = .99; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = .99). Higher gratitude (P < .0001), mindfulness (P < .0001), positive affect (P < .0001) and coping (P < .0001) were associated with higher resilience. Depression (P = .23) and anxiety (P = .34) were not. A model of resilience which included gratitude, mindfulness, positive affect and coping as determinants of resilience and perceived stress performed well (RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .02, CFI = .99; TLI = .99).ConclusionsThe CES was validated in a large sample. The association of gratitude, mindfulness, positive affect and coping with resilience may guide practitioners seeking to design resilience-enhancing programs.

Gratitude buffers the effects of stressful life events and deviant peer affiliation on adolescents' non-suicidal self-injury.

Although stressful life events have been shown to be a key risk factor for adolescent NSSI, the potential mediators and moderators of this relationship are unclear. Based on the social development theory and the organism-environment interaction model, we tested whether the link between stressful life events and adolescent NSSI was explained in part by deviant peer affiliation, and whether this process was buffered by gratitude. Chinese adolescents (N = 854; Mage = 16.35; 68.50% female) anonymously completed questionnaires to assess the study variables. The present study demonstrated that stressful life events was linked to NSSI in part because of deviant peer affiliation, and high gratitude was a key protective factor to buffer this indirect effect. Teaching gratitude may be a helpful component of prevention and intervention programs to reduce adolescent NSSI.

Life Satisfaction and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese College Students During the Recurrent Outbreak of COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model.

The present study examined a moderated mediation model between life satisfaction and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19. Seven hundred and ninety college students participated in the study and completed questionnaires on life satisfaction, suicidal ideation, depression, and gratitude. Findings indicated that (1) Depression played a partial mediating role between life satisfaction and suicidal ideation. Life satisfaction was not only directly affected suicidal ideation, but also indirectly affected suicidal ideation through the mediating effect of college students' depression; (2) Gratitude played a moderating role in the effect of life satisfaction on depression, and the link between life satisfaction and suicide ideation was only significant for those with higher gratitude. This study provides practical implications for the prevention of suicidal behavior among Chinese college students during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19.

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Gratitude Tendency of University Students during the Corona-19 Era of HUMAN DISASTER

Purpose: This study analyzes the relationship between self-esteem and gratitude tendency of university stu-dents during the corona 19 era of human disaster. From the end of 2019, TV programs, radio, and social media platforms have covered the novel corona virus infection(Corona 19) as the most important article. The stress caused by the COVID-19 epidemic showed a significant negative correlation with the quality of life, and positive psychological capital had a significant modulating effect, so it was necessary to develop a program to mediate the lowered quality of life. So at this moment, university students in their twenties living with the task of self-formation suggest that they have a high probability of developing depression through the loss of meaningful objects and distortion of their self-experience. Since gratitude has a positive correlation with psychological well-being and negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and jealousy, it has a great influence on university student s daily life. Method: In this study, the following hypothesis was established to find out what differences are there be-tween gratitude tendency according to the characteristics of university students(gender, grade, religion), and also to examine the relationship between the self-esteem and gratitude tendency of university students. H1: Depending on the characteristics of university students, there will be a significant difference between gratitude tendency. H2: University students self-esteem will have a significant correlation with gratitude tendency. To measure self-esteem among the main variables of this study, the self-esteem item developed by Korean scho-lars was used based on the self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965). Results: Difference analysis(t-test and ANOVA) was conducted to find out the difference between the grati-tude tendency(Hypothesis 1) according to the characteristics of university students, and the characteristics of university students generally include gender, grade, and religion. The difference between gratitude tendency was significant only in gender and religion actually. As a result of the analysis, in terms of gender, female stu-dents showed a relatively high gratitude tendency, and in religion or not, students with religion showed higher gratitude tendency. As a result of conducting a correlation analysis on the self-esteem and gratitude tendency of university students(Hypothesis 2), significant correlations were found for both self-esteem factors. As a result of the analysis, positive self-esteem shows a positive(+) correlation with gratitude tendency, and negative self-esteem shows a negative(-) correlation with gratitude tendency. Conclusion: This study will be able to suggest a basic plan to ensure that university students can spend their time smoothly without psychological wandering and departure due to the limitations of daily life caused by corona virus infection(corona 19) during career decision period.

Gratitude as a Protective Factor for Cyberbullying Victims: Conditional Effects on School and Life Satisfaction.

Recently, studies linking the emotion of dispositional gratitude to cyberbullying have attracted attention. However, this is still a seminal research area that requires further scientific studies. Through longitudinal data, this study aims to analyze the mitigating effect of gratitude on cybervictimization and two indicators of adolescent subjective well-being, namely school and life satisfaction. To this end, 221 adolescents attending private schools in Peru (age: mean (M) = 12.09; standard deviation (SD) = 0.89) were selected to respond to a self-administered questionnaire in two waves that were six months apart. Descriptive data show that 27% of cybervictims also suffer other types of traditional bullying. The overlaps between forms of bullying contribute to higher probabilities of experiencing low school and life satisfaction compared to non-victims after six months. The results of the moderation analysis show that experience high gratitude help students to maintain stable levels of life satisfaction regardless of the prevalence of cyberbullying after six months The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of fostering gratitude from early ages.

Dispositional gratitude and mental health in the U.S. veteran population: Results from the National Health and Resilience Veterans Study

Dispositional gratitude may be linked to positive mental health outcomes, yet population-based data on this association are lacking. Military veterans are an ideal population in which to examine this question given high rates of psychiatric morbidities and efforts to promote psychological resilience in this population. Data were analyzed from a nationally representative sample of 3151 U.S. veterans. Veterans were separated into three groups based on an assessment of level of dispositional gratitude: high gratitude (weighted 79.8%), moderate gratitude (9.6%), and low gratitude (10.5%). Multivariable analyses examined the associations between level of dispositional gratitude, and measures of mental health and psychosocial variables. A “dose-response” association was observed between levels of dispositional gratitude and odds of psychiatric morbidities. Higher dispositional gratitude was associated with decreased risk for lifetime history of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), social phobia, nicotine dependence, and suicide attempts, and decreased risk for current PTSD, MDD, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation (odds ratio range = 0.16–0.65). Higher dispositional gratitude was additionally associated with resilience-promoting characteristics such as optimism, curiosity, purpose in life, perceived social support, and religiosity/spirituality (Cohen's d range = 0.11–0.73). Dispositional gratitude is prevalent in U.S. veterans, is negatively associated with psychiatric morbidities, and may help promote psychosocial factors linked to resilience in this population. Stratification of veterans with low, moderate, and high dispositional gratitude may help identify those who are at increased risk for psychiatric illness and in need of additional support.

Gratitude is Related to the Identity of the Benefactor

In the past, there has been a dearth of research exploring related factors regarding the benefactor in the research of gratitude. The focus of this study is to investigate whether different benefactors elicit different levels of gratitude in beneficiaries after conferring a favor. Using college students as the research subjects, questionnaires were conducted after subjects read the experimental text to explore whether college students’ gratitude is different when two types of benefactors (friends and parents) give the same help. This study found that when the benefactor makes a big effort to confer a favor and the favor is very important to the beneficiary, there is no significant difference in the gratitude toward their parents and friends among college students and the level of gratitude for both is very high. However, when the favor only is conferred through an ordinary amount of effort and the favor is of ordinary importance to the beneficiary, college students have a higher level of gratitude to their friends, but a lower level of gratitude to their parents. Therefore, college students do not necessarily have higher gratitude to their friends than to their parents; the amount of effort exerted by the benefactor and the importance of the favor to the beneficiary are two key factors.

How to grow the sharing economy? Create Prosumers!

The sharing economy has changed many rules of business. One of those rules is the role of the firm and – importantly – the role of consumers, who can perform two roles and become both providers and consumers, i.e. “prosumers”. Therefore, the key network effect to leveraging the power of the sharing economy is for one-sided users, those who are consumers (e.g., Airbnb guests) or providers (e.g., Airbnb hosts), to add the second role and perform as providers and consumers and become prosumers (e.g., those who are Airbnb guests and hosts). Surprisingly, no studies have investigated this important phenomenon and measured how one-sided users may become prosumers. An online survey of 305 Airbnb users showed that trust and gratitude had a significant positive influence on service providers’ and consumers’ intentions to adopt the respective other role and become prosumers, and that those with high gratitude and trust had the highest intentions to become prosumers. However, consumers and providers differed markedly in how trust and gratitude influenced their intention to become prosumers. This study expands our understanding of trust and gratitude and highlights the potential for sharing platforms to create prosumers from both pools of one-sided users. Furthermore, it also makes a valuable contribution to the prosumer and sharing economy literatures by being the first to empirically measure users’ intentions to become prosumers in the sharing economy. We discuss the implications of the findings for practitioners, and suggest how future research could help leverage the sharing economy.

Improving the Quality of Teachers Through Subjective Welfare to Maintain Loyalty To Educational Institutions

The development of educational institutions especially Muhammadiyah has increased quite rapidly. The increase in educational institutions must be balanced by the high loyalty of educators in the institution. So to become educators who are loyal to the institution required subjective welfare for educators who are in the institution. This study aims to understand teacher quality improvement through subjective well-being to maintain loyalty to educational institutions. In this study using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach with four subjects. Data collection is done by interviews and field notes. This research shows that all four subjects have good gratitude with their profession and enjoy their profession as an educator. Work motivation has an effect on individual job satisfaction. The subjective well-being of the four subjects is influenced by the way he views his profession. The subject sees the teacher as a noble, proud, pleasing, and blessing service. Patience, high gratitude, and social support also help the four subjects in reducing negative emotions so that it is easier to achieve satisfaction in their daily lives and work. So that when the subject has subjective well-being or good or high subjective well-being, the level of loyalty to the educational institution will be good and high.

Optimism and gratitude on suicide risk in Spanish adults: Evidence for doubling up or doubling down?

The present study examines the role of optimism and gratitude as predictors of suicide risk, namely depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Beyond their expected predictive role, optimism and gratitude were also hypothesized to interact together to predict both suicide risk outcomes. A sample of 1,013 Spanish adults (521 females) participated in this study. The average age was 39.63 years old (standard deviation = 16.19; range 16-82). Results indicated that the optimism × gratitude interaction term significantly augmented the prediction of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Specifically, pessimists presented with a higher risk of suicide, but the effect was weaker among those individuals with higher levels of gratitude. Alternatively, optimists with high gratitude showed the highest amount of protection from suicide risk. Our findings are the first to show how optimism and gratitude might interact as a positive psychological variable to confer greater personal resources in protecting individuals against suicide risk.

Seeking Happiness through Materialism, Gratitude and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistani Employees, with the Mediatory Role of Feeling Experiences

This research paper proposed a theoretical framework that focused on the link between materialism and dissatisfaction with life. Through modifying J.A. Roberts (2015) model, we proposed that Seeking Happiness through Materialism is associated with positive or negative feeling experiences, and these experiences produce an effect on one’s life satisfaction. Furthermore, we also explored the bi-directional impact of gratitude and materialism in two models. In the first model, the effect of materialism and life satisfaction was explored with the mediating role of gratitude and feeling experiences, whereas, in the second model, the impact of gratitude on life satisfaction was analyzed with the mediation of materialism and experiences. The link was empirically established by collecting the data on 205 employees working in different sectors and professions in Pakistan. Data was collected by means of a close-ended questionnaire and was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structured Equation Modeling. The results showed a significant effect of materialism in employee’s life satisfaction and gratitude plays a mediating role. The negative relationship between materialism and life satisfaction among employees indicated as materialism increased satisfaction with life decreases. This was experience directly and through the mediation of feeling experiences. Moreover, Materialism negatively affected gratitude. In the second model, Employees having either high gratitude shows less materialism and positive feeling effect, whereas, employees having low gratitude shows a high negative feeling effect because they are seeking happiness through material things. Additionally, those employees who are able to appreciate what they have, are happier and enjoying their life. Thus, feelings, gratitude, and materialism are crucial factors influencing employee’s life satisfaction either positively or negatively.

Children's stressful life experience, school connectedness, and online gaming addiction moderated by gratitude

We investigated the mediating role of school connectedness in the relationship between stressful life experience and online gaming addiction among elementary school children. In addition, we investigated whether this mediation process is moderated by gratitude. Participants were 579 upper elementary school students in China, who completed a survey regarding stressful life experience, school connectedness, gratitude, and online gaming addiction. Results showed that school connectedness partially mediated the relationship between stressful life experience and online gaming addiction. Moreover, this indirect association was moderated by gratitude, with a stronger indirect effect observed for children with low gratitude and a weaker indirect effect observed for those with high gratitude. Empirical implications of the findings, limitations in the study, and future directions for related research are discussed.