High Glycemic Diet Research Articles

Comparative assessment of adiponectin and insulin resistance markers in obese and non-obese individuals in Owerri, Southeastern, Nigeria

Background: The overwhelming rise in obesity is a disturbing public health concern in Nigeria. The superimposition of westernized diet on the existing high glycaemic traditional diet in the population is worrisome. In obese, adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized with dysregulations of adipokines (including adiponectin) and insulin resistance. Owerri, the capital of Imo State, Nigeria and slogan-labelled “entertainment capital of Nigeria” is highly an obesogenic environment with traditional perception of obesity as a mark of wellness and prosperity. The dearth of data on adiponectin and insulin resistance markers in this population is the spur for this research. Aim: To evaluate the variations in adiponectin and insulin resistance markers in the obese and non-obese Nigerians. Methods: A total of 140 individuals (70 obese and 70 non obese) aged between 25 and 60 years participated in this study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin and adiponectin were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques and insulin resistance indices (HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD) were mathematically determined. Results: Obese subjects had significantly lower adiponectin (p<0.05) but higher FPG (p<0.05) and insulin (p<0.05). Also, significant higher values of HOMA-IR (p<0.05) and HOMA-AD (p<0.05) were observed. Strong inverse associations were found between adiponectin and HOMA-AD (r = -0.699, p<0.01) and BMI correlated positively with all insulin resistance markers {(r = 0.266, p<0.05), HOMA-IR (r = 0.298, p<0.05) and HOMA-AD (r = 0.392, p<0.05)}. Conclusion: The findings of this study shows that the obese individuals may be at risk of future obesity related metabolic complications.

From millets to medicine: ADMET insights into diabetes management with P. sumatrense compounds

Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent metabolic disorder characterised by impaired blood glucose regulation, has escalated into a global health crisis, exacerbated by high-glycaemic diets and unhealthy eating habits. While therapeutic agents such as acarbose mitigate diabetes by inhibiting alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, their use is marred by adverse side effects, underscoring the need for safer, plant-based alternatives. This study explores the antidiabetic potential of Little Millet, an underutilised cereal grain with a low glycaemic index, rich in bioactive compounds. Unlike common staples such as wheat and rice, Little Millet contains unique compounds, including octodrine, 18,19-secoyohimban-19-oic acid, and phenylephrine, which were investigated for their novel application in diabetes management. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis identified 120 bioactive compounds, selected for their abundance and potential bioactivity. These compounds span fatty acids, phenols, flavonoids, organic acids, sugar alcohols, and amino acids, all of which were rigorously docked to alpha-amylase and human maltase-glucoamylase receptors. Notably, key ligands such as chlorogenic acid and 18,19-secoyohimban-19-oic acid exhibited superior binding affinities compared to acarbose, with promising drug-likeness and ADMET profiles, suggesting higher absorption and fewer side effects. A 100-ns dynamics simulation further validated the stability of these compounds, positioning them as viable candidates for diabetes treatment. These findings advance drug design and highlight the potential of incorporating Little Millet into diets for diabetes prevention. Further validation through In-vitro, In-vivo, and clinical studies is essential to fully realise their therapeutic potential. This research also opens avenues for exploring Little Millet in managing related conditions and enhancing its health benefits through breeding programmes.

Aging Modulates the Effect of Dietary Glycemic Index on Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice

BackgroundGut microbiome composition profoundly impacts host physiology and is modulated by several environmental factors, most prominently diet. The composition of gut microbiota changes over the lifespan, particularly during the earliest and latest stages. However, we know less about diet-aging interactions on the gut microbiome. We previously showed that diets with different glycemic indices, based on the ratio of rapidly digested amylopectin to slowly digested amylose, led to altered composition of gut microbiota in male C57BL/6J mice. ObjectivesHere, we examined the role of aging in influencing dietary effects on gut microbiota composition and aimed to identify gut bacterial taxa that respond to diet and aging. MethodsWe studied 3 age groups of male C57BL/6J wild-type mice: young (4 mo), middle-aged (13.5 mo), and old (22 mo), all fed either high glycemic (HG) or low glycemic (LG) diets matched for caloric content and macronutrient composition. Fecal microbiome composition was determined by 16S rDNA metagenomic sequencing and was evaluated for changes in α- and β-diversity and bacterial taxa that change by age, diet, or both. ResultsYoung mice displayed lower α-diversity scores than middle-aged counterparts but exhibited more pronounced differences in β-diversity between diets. In contrast, old mice had slightly lower α-diversity scores than middle-aged mice, with significantly higher β-diversity distances. Within-group variance was lowest in young, LG-fed mice and highest in old, HG-fed mice. Differential abundance analysis revealed taxa associated with both aging and diet. Most differential taxa demonstrated significant interactions between diet and aging. Notably, several members of the Lachnospiraceae family increased with aging and HG diet, whereas taxa from the Bacteroides_H genus increased with the LG diet. Akkermansia muciniphila decreased with aging. ConclusionsThese findings illustrate the complex interplay between diet and aging in shaping the gut microbiota, potentially contributing to age-related disease.

Frequency and associated factors of mask-induced acne among healthcare workers

Background: Mask-induced acne, also known as maskne, is a skin condition that has become increasingly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prolonged use of facial masks has been found to cause skin irritation, inflammation, and the development of acne. Healthcare workers are at an increased risk due to their prolonged and consistent use of facial masks during their work. Objective: To investigate the occurrence and identify risk factors of mask induced acne among health care workers. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 115 healthcare workers at Al_Imamain Al_Kadhumain Medical city who wore the mask daily. Collected data include demographic characteristics (age, sex, and occupation), mask-wearing data include the type of mask worn, the pattern of mask use (disposable or reusable mask), time spent wearing masks over the years, the daily duration of mask usage, and specifics regarding participants' acne, encompassing the type and facial location of the acne, as well as accompanying symptoms (itching, dryness, oiliness, moisture, warmth, and excessive facial sweating), and factors that exacerbate the condition, were all considered in the study. Results: Out of 115 included subjects 37 (32.17%) were suffering from new-onset mask induce acne. There were 10 men and 27 women. The mean age was 35.5±7.3 years (range: 24-47). The vast majority of the included participants (81.08%) were wearing surgical masks. The duration of mask use in about three-fourths of patients was ≥ one year. About three-fourth of patients were using reusable mask. Pustules were the most common lesion, accounting for two-thirds of the participants, followed by comedones (37.83%). The most common site was cheeks (75.67%), followed by the chin (48.65%). Stress was the most common aggravating factor occurred in 37.84% of the participants, followed by high-glycemic diet and hot weather (27.03% each). Conclusion: Female, prolonged duration of mask use and wearing reusable masks could be associated with the development of maskne. Stress and a glycemic diet could aggravate the lesion associated with maskne.

Frequency and Associated Factors of Mask-Induced Acne among Healthcare Workers

Background: Mask-induced acne, also known as maskne, is a skin condition that has become increasingly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prolonged use of facial masks has been found to cause skin irritation, inflammation, and the development of acne. Healthcare workers are at an increased risk due to their prolonged and consistent use of facial masks during their work. Objective: To investigate the occurrence and identify risk factors of mask induced acne among health care workers. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 115 healthcare workers at Al_Imamain Al_Kadhumain Medical city who wore the mask daily. Collected data include demographic characteristics (age, sex, and occupation), mask-wearing data include the type of mask worn, the pattern of mask use (disposable or reusable mask), time spent wearing masks over the years, the daily duration of mask usage, and specifics regarding participants' acne, encompassing the type and facial location of the acne, as well as accompanying symptoms (itching, dryness, oiliness, moisture, warmth, and excessive facial sweating), and factors that exacerbate the condition, were all considered in the study. Results: Out of 115 included subjects 37 (32.17%) were suffering from new-onset mask induce acne. There were 10 men and 27 women. The mean age was 35.5±7.3 years (range: 24-47). The vast majority of the included participants (81.08%) were wearing surgical masks. The duration of mask use in about three-fourths of patients was ≥ one year. About three-fourth of patients were using reusable mask. Pustules were the most common lesion, accounting for two-thirds of the participants, followed by comedones (37.83%). The most common site was cheeks (75.67%), followed by the chin (48.65%). Stress was the most common aggravating factor occurred in 37.84% of the participants, followed by high-glycemic diet and hot weather (27.03% each). Conclusion: Female, prolonged duration of mask use and wearing reusable masks could be associated with the development of maskne. Stress and a glycemic diet could aggravate the lesion associated with maskne. Keywords: Maskne, acne lesion, aggravating factors.

Sex-dependent effects of carbohydrate source and quantity on caspase-1 activity in the mouse central nervous system

BackgroundMounting evidence links glucose intolerance and diabetes as aspects of metabolic dysregulation that are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Inflammation and inflammasome activation have emerged as a potential link between these disparate pathologies. As diet is a key factor in both the development of metabolic disorders and inflammation, we hypothesize that long term changes in dietary factors can influence nervous system function by regulating inflammasome activity and that this phenotype would be sex-dependent, as sex hormones are known to regulate metabolism and immune processes.Methods5-week-old male and female transgenic mice expressing a caspase-1 bioluminescent reporter underwent cranial window surgeries and were fed control (65% complex carbohydrates, 15% fat), high glycemic index (65% carbohydrates from sucrose, 15% fat), or ketogenic (1% complex carbohydrates, 79% fat) diet from 6 to 26 weeks of age. Glucose regulation was assessed with a glucose tolerance test following a 4-h morning fast. Bioluminescence in the brain was quantified using IVIS in vivo imaging. Blood cytokine levels were measured using cytokine bead array. 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing of mouse feces was performed to assess alterations in the gut microbiome. Behavior associated with these dietary changes was also evaluated.ResultsThe ketogenic diet caused weight gain and glucose intolerance in both male and female mice. In male mice, the high glycemic diet led to increased caspase-1 biosensor activation over the course of the study, while in females the ketogenic diet drove an increase in biosensor activation compared to their respective controls. These changes correlated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines present in the serum of test mice and the emergence of anxiety-like behavior. The microbiome composition differed significantly between diets; however no significant link between diet, glucose tolerance, or caspase-1 signal was established.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that diet composition, specifically the source and quantity of carbohydrates, has sex-specific effects on inflammasome activation in the central nervous system and behavior. This phenotype manifested as increased anxiety in male mice, and future studies are needed to determine if this phenotype is linked to alterations in microbiome composition.

Effect of a high carbohydrate pre-exercise meal on metabolic and performance-related parameters in male athletes following two different strategies to improve fat utilization: An exploratory examination

The purpose of this additional examination of a larger intervention was to determine the effects of a carbohydrate-rich pre-exercise meal on metabolic and performance-related parameters in a group of male endurance athletes, who had previously followed either a high fat low carbohydrate (HFLC; n = 6) or high carbohydrate low glycaemic (LGI; n = 6) diet for 4 weeks. Participants continued their regular training routine during the intervention. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER), lactate concentrations ([La−]), substrate oxidation rates at rest and during a cycle ergometry with incremental workload were determined in the fasted state and 2 h after consuming a carbohydrate-rich (2 g per kg of body mass) pre-exercise meal. Power output at lactate thresholds, peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), absolute and relative peak power during the incremental test were assessed. After consuming the pre-exercise meal, both groups showed increased levels of RER, [La−] and carbohydrate oxidation at rest and during the incremental test (p < 0.05; Cohen’s d > 0.8), and an improved V̇O2peak (p < 0.05; Cohen’s d > 0.5). Rm ANOVA revealed significant group differences in metabolic parameters. Despite meaningful baseline differences ([La−]: p = 0.133; ηp2 = 0.185; RER: p = 0.037; ηp2 = 0.367; carbohydrate oxidation: p = 0.041; ηp2 = 0.355) upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism was more pronounced in the LGI subgroup compared to the HFLC group after 4-weeks intervention, in both fasted ([La−]: p = 0.130; ηp2 = 0.214; RER: p = 0.001; ηp2 = 0.713; carbohydrate oxidation: p = 0.001; ηp2 =0.684) and postprandial states ([La−]: p = 0.036; ηp2 =0.369; RER: p = 0.001; ηp2 =0.705; carbohydrate oxidation: p = 0.001; ηp2 =0.665). Peak power during the final incremental test was slightly higher in the LGI subgroup compared with the HFLC subgroup (p = 0.320; ηp2 = 0.100). In this group of male endurance athletes, a LGI diet seemed to result in more favourable performance metrics as compared to a HFLC diet despite increases in carbohydrate availability before undertaking the performance test likely due to the ability to sustain higher workloads in training.

How eating sweets affects the skin – the impact of high glycemic index diet on acne formation: A review

How eating sweets affects the skin – the impact of high glycemic index diet on acne formation: A review

Impaired colonic motility in high-glycemic diet-induced diabetic mice is associated with disrupted gut microbiota and neuromuscular function.

Similar to the high-fat diet (HFD), the high-glycemic diet (HGD) contributes to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effect of HGD on gastrointestinal motility in T2DM and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly designated into the normal-feeding diet (NFD) group, HFD group, and HGD group. The plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and gastrointestinal motility were examined. Meanwhile, the tension of isolated colonic smooth muscle rings was calculated, and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing. After 16 weeks of HGD feeding, obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and constipation were observed in HGD mice. Autonomic contraction frequency of the colonic neuromuscular system and electrical field stimulation-induced contractions were reduced in HGD mice. On the contrary, neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity and neuromuscular relaxation were found to be enhanced. Finally, gut microbiota analysis revealed that Rhodospirillaceae abundance significantly increased at the family level in HGD mice. At the genus level, the abundance of Insolitispirillum increased remarkably, whereas Turicibacter abundance decreased significantly in HGD mice. HGD induced constipation in obese diabetic mice, which we speculated that it may be related to neuromuscular dysmotility and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.

Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State.

Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs can control chronic oxidative states caused by dietary stress, i.e., alcohol, high-fat, or high-glycemic diet, and adjust the redox balance to recover physiological conditions. Unique functions of BCs to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can resolve the redox imbalance due to the excessive generation of ROS. The ability of BCs to regulate the histone acetylation state contributes to the activation of transcription factors involved in immunity and metabolism against dietary stress. The protective properties of BCs are mainly ascribed to the roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a histone deacetylase (HDAC), SIRT1 modulates the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state by mediating ROS generation, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio, and activating NRF2 in metabolic progression. In this study, the unique functions of BCs against diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction have been considered by focusing on the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. This work may provide evidence for the development of effective therapeutic agents from BCs.

Continuous glucose monitoring reveals similar glycemic variability in individuals with obesity despite increased HOMA-IR.

Continuous glucose monitoring is a well-tolerated and versatile tool for management of diabetes and metabolic disease. While its use appears to be feasible to monitor glycemic profiles in diabetics, there is a paucity of data in individuals with obesity and normal glucose tolerance. The aim of this study is to investigate glucose fluctuations and insulin resistance patterns in normoglycemic participants with obesity vs. without obesity and contextualize these results against leading models for obesity. We designed a prospective, observational pilot study of two cohorts including 14 normoglycemic participants with obesity and 14 normoglycemic participants without obesity. Participants were monitored with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for five consecutive days. Insulin resistance levels were measured and glucometric data were extracted from CGM for all participants. Fasting serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the group with obesity (P < 0.05). While the group with obesity had a higher mean blood glucose (MBG), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), and continuous overall glycemic action-1 h (CONGA-1), these differences were not significant. On univariate linear regression, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), cohort with obesity, cohort consuming a high glycemic diet, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting insulin levels. WC and fasting insulin levels remained predictors of HOMA-IR in our multivariable model. While there is much excitement surrounding the use of commercial CGM products in obesity management, our results suggest that fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values may be more clinically useful than CGM data alone.

Effect of dietary carbohydrate type, biological sex and phenotype on glycemic responses in wistar fatty rats

To determine the effects of dietary carbohydrate type, biological sex, and phenotype on systemic glycemic responses in a rat strain that Is highly predisposed to development of obesity+NIDDM, groups of adult male and female lean and obese Wistar Fatty Rats were fed nutritionally complete isoenergetic diets containing 54% carbohydrate as cornstarch (ST) or sucrose (SUC) plus other essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals from 22 until 30 weeks of age. Measures of body weight gain (BWG), Food efficiency ratio (FER), intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance (ipGTT), fasting insulin to glucose ratios (I: G), and area under the glucose curve (AUC) determined. Results demonstrated that BWG and FER of obese &gt;&gt; lean and was further increased in both phenotypes when fed the SUC diet. The ipGTT responses of obese &gt; lean in both sexes, and that substitution of SUC for ST markedly exaggerated the glycemic responses and glycosuria in both sexes. Fasting of insulin concentrations were greater in obese male than obese female, were further increased when fed the SUC diet and were significantly greater in the obese than occurred in the lean phenotype of either sex. Fasting glucose concentrations of male obese+NIDDM were elevated but remained within normal limits in the remaining groups. The I:G ratios were greatest in Obese+NIDDM male rats, intermediate in the obese+NIDDM female rats, and were within normal range in both lean groups on ST and SUC diets and the AUC of obese &gt; lean of obese sexes and was further increased when fed the SUC diet in both sexes. These results confirm that feeding a high glycemic index sucrose rich diet enhances the efficiency and amount of weight gain and exacerbates the aberrant glycemic responses during ipGTT in the obese+NIDDM phenotype.

High Glycemia and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Females: Differential Multiomics in Murine Brain Microvasculature.

The effect of a high glycemic diet (HGD) on brain microvasculature is a crucial, yet understudied research topic, especially in females. This study aimed to determine the transcriptomic changes in female brain hippocampal microvasculature induced by a HGD and characterize the response to a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHI) as a mechanism for increased epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels shown to be protective in prior models of brain injury. We fed mice a HGD or a low glycemic diet (LGD), with/without the sEHI (t-AUCB), for 12 weeks. Using microarray, we assessed differentially expressed protein-coding and noncoding genes, functional pathways, and transcription factors from laser-captured hippocampal microvessels. We demonstrated for the first time in females that the HGD had an opposite gene expression profile compared to the LGD and differentially expressed 506 genes, primarily downregulated, with functions related to cell signaling, cell adhesion, cellular metabolism, and neurodegenerative diseases. The sEHI modified the transcriptome of female mice consuming the LGD more than the HGD by modulating genes involved in metabolic pathways that synthesize neuroprotective EETs and associated with a higher EETs/dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) ratio. Our findings have implications for sEHIs as promising therapeutic targets for the microvascular dysfunction that accompanies vascular dementia.

The Brain's Microvascular Response to High Glycemia and to the Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Is Sexually Dimorphic.

Biological sex and a high glycemic diet (HGD) contribute to dementia, yet little is known about the operative molecular mechanisms. Our goal was to understand the differences between males and females in the multi-genomic response of the hippocampal microvasculature to the HGD, and whether there was vasculoprotection via the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEHI). Adult wild type mice fed high or low glycemic diets for 12 weeks, with or without an sEHI inhibitor (t-AUCB), had hippocampal microvessels isolated by laser-capture microdissection. Differential gene expression was determined by microarray and integrated multi-omic bioinformatic analyses. The HGD induced opposite effects in males and females: the HGD-upregulated genes were involved in neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation in males, whereas in females they downregulated the same pathways, favoring neuroprotection. In males, the HGD was associated with a greater number of clinical diseases than in females, the sEHI downregulated genes involved in neurodegenerative diseases to a greater extent with the HGD and compared to females. In females, the sEHI downregulated genes involved in endothelial cell functions to a greater extent with the LGD and compared to males. Our work has potentially important implications for sex-specific therapeutic targets for vascular dementia and cardiovascular diseases in males and females.

A high carbohydrate diet with a low glycaemic index improves training effects in male endurance athletes

The present study investigated the effect of a 4-week high fat low carbohydrate (HFLC-G) versus high carbohydrate low glycaemic (LGI-G) or high glycaemic (HGI-G) diet on power output at lactate thresholds, peak oxygen uptake and peak performance during an incremental cycle test in 28 male endurance athletes. All participants showed improved levels of power output at the lactate thresholds with a more pronounced effect in the HFLC-G and LGI-G. In the HFLC-G peak performance (−11.6 ± 16.3 W) decreased, while in the LGI-G (9.20 ± 13.8 W) and HGI-G (9.89 ± 12.8 W) peak performance increased (p = 0.009). In summary, the LGI-G showed comparable training adaptations as the HFLC-G at submaximal intensities without limiting the ability to perform at high intensities. Compared to a HFLC and HGI diet, the LGI diet in this study seemed to be advantageous during submaximal and high intensities resulting from an improved metabolic flexibility.

Vegetarian Diets: Conceptualization Health Outcomes, Nutritional Concerns, and Explicit Features – An Indian Perspective

Vegetarian has its origin in the Latin word “vigitore” meaning “to give strength and health.” Modern concise Oxford dictionary defines a vegetarian to be “a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish for moral, religious, or health reasons.” Vegetarianism has very ancient roots and its history comprises many diverse characters and events. The practice has been apparent in many cultures all over the world. In Asia, particularly India, absenteeism from meat was the core of early religious philosophies such as Hinduism, Brahmanism, Zoroastrianism, and Jainism. With time and scientific advancements, there were a greater understanding and linking of vegetarian diets with health apart from its association with religion and spiritual contexts. There exist many differences between an Indian vegetarian diet and a Western vegetarian diet. Some of the prominent features of which are lower intake of fruits and vegetables, high-carbohydrate and high-glycemic diets, higher intake of milk and milk products, quality and nature of fat, and snacking behavior.

Effects of a High Glycemic Diet and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor on Hippocampal Microvascular Function, and Multigenomic Modifications

ObjectivesDiet is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia, yet relatively little is known about the effect of a high glycemic diet (HGD) on the brain microvasculature. The objective of our study was to determine the multigenomic effects of a HGD on hippocampal microvessels, and to determine if a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor (sEHI), known to be vasculoprotective and anti-inflammatory, modulates these effects.MethodsWild type male and female mice were fed a low glycemic diet (LGD, 12% sucrose/weight) or a HGD (34% sucrose/weight) with/without the sEHI, trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB), for 12 wks. Brain hippocampal microvascular gene expression was assessed by microarray and data analyzed using a multiomic approach for differential expression of protein and non-protein coding genes, gene networks, functional pathways, and transcription factors.ResultsGlobal hippocampal microvascular gene expression was fundamentally different for mice fed the HGD vs the LGD. The HGD modulated expression of genes involved in cell signaling, neurodegeneration, metabolism, and cell adhesion/inflammation/oxidation effects reversible by t-AUCB and hence sEH inhibitor correlated with protection against Alzheimer's dementia. However, in female, HGD had very minor genomic modifications, while sEHI presented significant effect in female mice on LGD.ConclusionsOurs is the first study to demonstrate that high dietary glycemia contributes to brain hippocampal microvascular inflammation, through sEH, effects that were sex-dependant.Funding SourcesThis work was supported by an award from the Richard A. and Nora Eccles Foundation (A20-0111), the Richard A. and Nora Eccles Harrison Endowed Chair in Diabetes Research (J.C.R.), and the Frances Lazda Endowed Chair in Women's Cardiovascular Medicine (A.C.V).

Effect of a High Fat Diet vs. High Carbohydrate Diets With Different Glycemic Indices on Metabolic Parameters in Male Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Trial.

Consuming low glycemic carbohydrates leads to an increased muscle fat utilization and preservation of intramuscular glycogen, which is associated with improved flexibility to metabolize either carbohydrates or fats during endurance exercise. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the effect of a 4-week high fat low carbohydrate (HFLC-G: ≥65% high glycemic carbohydrates per day; n = 9) vs. high carbohydrate low glycemic (LGI-G: ≥65% low glycemic carbohydrates daily; n = 10) or high glycemic (HGI-G: ≥65% fat, ≤ 50 g carbohydrates daily; n = 9) diet on fat and carbohydrate metabolism at rest and during exercise in 28 male athletes. Changes in metabolic parameters under resting conditions and during cycle ergometry (submaximal and with incremental workload) from pre- to post-intervention were determined by lactate diagnostics and measurements of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Additionally, body composition and perceptual responses to the diets [visual analog scale (VAS)] were measured. A significance level of α = 0.05 was considered. HFLC-G was associated with markedly decreased lactate concentrations during the submaximal (−0.553 ± 0.783 mmol/l, p = 0.067) and incremental cycle test [−5.00 ± 5.71 (mmol/l) × min; p = 0.030] and reduced RER values at rest (−0.058 ± 0.108; p = 0.146) during the submaximal (−0.078 ± 0.046; p = 0.001) and incremental cycle test (−1.64 ± 0.700 RER × minutes; p < 0.001). In the HFLC-G, fat mass (p < 0.001) decreased. In LGI-G lactate, concentrations decreased in the incremental cycle test [−6.56 ± 6.65 (mmol/l) × min; p = 0.012]. In the LGI-G, fat mass (p < 0.01) and VAS values decreased, indicating improved levels of gastrointestinal conditions and perception of effort during training. The main findings in the HGI-G were increased RER (0.047 ± 0.076; p = 0.117) and lactate concentrations (0.170 ± 0.206 mmol/l, p = 0.038) at rest. Although the impact on fat oxidation in the LGI-G was not as pronounced as following the HFLC diet, the adaptations in the LGI-G were consistent with an improved metabolic flexibility and additional benefits regarding exercise performance in male athletes.

The Influence of Veganism on Acne

Background: There is an historical controversy regarding the relation of acne and diet. Despite being veganism a current topic, no studies have been yet conducted to assess whether following a vegan diet has a positive or negative effect on acne. Objectives: To assess veganism and acne’s relationship. Methods Cochrane Library and PubMed database were used to search scientific literature. Results: Studies showed a link between milk consumption and acne. Additionally, high glycemic diets were shown to increase acne’s appearance. Some studies suggest that a low intake of vegetables can worsen acne. Conclusion: There is no scientific evidence assessing whether a vegan diet can affect acne’s appearance on adolescent population.

The role of nutrition in acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa

Acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are chronic inflammatory, multifactorial skin disorders that often develop in adolescence and young adulthood. Both acne vulgaris and HS can cause significant morbidity and psychologic distress, with a negative effect on the quality of life. The relationship among diet, acne, and HS remains somewhat controversial; however, there is increasing evidence that high-glycemic diets and consumption of milk and dairy products promote acne. Studies suggest that weight loss through dietary interventions or bariatric surgery and brewer's yeast exclusion diets have the potential to ameliorate the signs of HS. We review the role of diet in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of HS and acne vulgaris.