High Frequency Voltage Signal Injection Research Articles

On-line minimum loss control strategy of IPMSM in torque-controlled application

This study proposes an on-line minimum loss (ML) control strategy that considers the iron and copper losses of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor in torque-controlled applications. The proposed ML control strategy utilizes a constrained optimization problem to satisfy torque reference tracking and loss minimization. An equivalent iron loss resistance circuit is adopted for the loss minimization. To solve the optimization problem, the Lagrange multiplier method is applied through a numerical analysis algorithm. The resulting solution provides the optimal current reference for every sampling instant. The Lagrange multiplier method needs parameters such as magnetic flux linkages, dynamic inductances, and iron loss resistance. Fundamental magnetic flux linkages are estimated using a flux observer, and the dynamic inductances are estimated with high-frequency voltage signal injection. The proposed iron loss resistance estimator estimates the equivalent iron resistance without any preliminary experiments. DC input power is measured using a current sensor for the accurate on-line estimation of iron loss resistance. To analyze the effectiveness of ML control compared with conventional maximum torque per ampere control, finite element analysis is used. The feasibility of the proposed ML control strategy is verified through simulation and experiments.

Speed Estimation of Induction Motor at Low and Zero Speed using High Frequency Signal Injection for Rotor Slot Harmonics Detection

Rotor position estimation based on high frequency signal injection method represents the interesting way to provide the high performances of the AC drives sensorless controlled at low or near zero speed range. So, this method requires the existence of saliencies inside the IM particularly the presence of the slots where their design constitutes the main advantageous to exploit its effect for rotor speed monitoring. First, the present paper exposes a model of the induction machine including slotting effects which it can be exploited in order to extract the harmonic saliency created by rotor slotting. Second, the high frequency signal injection method is used in order to allow tracking the characteristic harmonic saliency due to rotor slotting from which the rotor position and speed may be estimated. A High frequency voltage signal injection creates a high frequency current modulated by the saliencies presented inside the machine. To extract information about rotor position, the resulting stator current treads to heterodyning process to eliminate the disturbance components and subsequently the rotor position may be extracted by a closed-loop observer. Simulation results are shown in order to verify the validity of the proposal and to confirm the effectiveness of estimation method at zero frequency.

Stator Winding Temperature and Magnet Temperature Estimation of IPMSM Based on High-Frequency Voltage Signal Injection

The interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) has been widely used as the traction motor in electric/hybrid vehicles because of its high torque density and wide operating speed range. During the operation of the IPMSM, the stator winding temperature and magnet temperature should be monitored to prevent winding insulation breakdown and irreversible demagnetization and to improve the torque accuracy. This article devised a method involving the use of a high-frequency (HF) resistance and an HF inductance for estimating these two temperatures at low motor speeds. The relationship between the HF impedance and both temperatures was determined and verified using an experimental setup in which both temperatures could be measured. Based on the relation, the temperature estimation method has been proposed, in this article, and verified by the experimental test. The proposed method was used to estimate the stator winding and the magnet temperatures simultaneously for 6000 s, and the maximum error was 6 °C and 3 °C for the stator winding and magnet temperature, respectively, even when the load and the temperatures varied considerably.

Hybrid Pulse High-Frequency Voltage Injection Control Algorithm of Sensorless IPMSM for Vehicles

A hybrid pulse vibration high-frequency voltage signal injection method is proposed to solve the problems that the conventional sensorless control algorithm of vehicle IPMSM may generate a large estimated rotor position error and opposite directions in identifying the polarity of magnetic poles under zero-speed and high-torque starting and low-speed operation. The magnetic pole polarity is identified by the saturation effect of the flux chain by injecting a high-frequency sinusoidal voltage signal and opposite pulse voltage signal into the axis of the assumed coordinate system simultaneously. Subsequently, the position relationship between the assumed axis and the actual d axis is studied in accordance with the amplitude of response current to acquire the rotor position and speed information. The simulation and experimental results suggest that the algorithm is capable of accurately identifying the magnetic pole polarity and estimating the rotor position at zero speed and low speeds, starting the motor smoothly at zero speed, and then operating the motor stably at low speeds.

Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Full Speed Range

Aiming at resolving the limitation of the speed regulation range of sensorless control technology, a new composite sensorless control strategy is proposed to realize a control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in full speed range. In the medium- and high-speed range, the improved new sliding mode observer method is used to estimate the motor speed and rotor position information. In the zero and low speed range, in order to avoid the defects of the sliding mode method, the rotating high-frequency voltage signal injection method is used. When switching between low, medium, and high speed, the fuzzy control algorithm is adopted to achieve smooth transitions. The simulation experiment results show that the hybrid mode combining the sliding mode observer and rotating high-frequency voltage injection methods, can effectively reduce the jitter in the algorithm switching process, and realize the smooth control of a PMSM in full speed range.

An Integrated Method for Three-Phase AC Excitation and High-Frequency Voltage Signal Injection for Sensorless Starting of Aircraft Starter/Generator

This paper proposes an integrated method of three-phase ac excitation and high-frequency voltage signal injection (HFVSI) for sensorless controlled starting of brushless synchronous machines (BSM) used as starter/generator in variable frequency ac power systems of civil aircraft. Fixed 400 Hz of the three-phase ac power is adopted both for the ac excitation and HFVSI in the initial starting process to eliminate the bulky rotor position sensor for BSM. The resulting 6th sequence harmonic voltage determined by the rotating rectifier is utilized as the HFVSI into the field-winding of main generator without any extra high-frequency signal injection. The rotor position is estimated by the high-frequency response signals extracted from the armature windings of main generator. Due to the nonlinear rotating rectifier linked in the HFSI chain, a novel frequency-insensitive asynchronous demodulation strategy is proposed in this paper for rotor position estimation. Furthermore, the initial rotor position detection is calibrated by polarity decision of the induced currents of the armature windings within the establishment procedure of field current of the main generator at standstill. The effectiveness of the ac excitation and feasibility of rotor position estimation for sensorless starting control of BSM are validated by the simulation and experimental results.

Non-Invasive Magnet Temperature Estimation of IPMSM Based on High-Frequency Inductance With a Pulsating High-Frequency Voltage Signal Injection

In this paper, a method to estimate the temperature of a permanent magnet of a traction motor for automotive applications is derived by analyzing the high-frequency inductance of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The derived method exploits the high-frequency inductance as an indicator of the magnet temperature, and it does not require a temperature sensor not only on the rotor side but also on the stator side. Hence, the method is truly noninvasive. The proposed method has been verified in a small-scale experimental setup. The performance of the method has been evaluated at various torques, speeds, and magnet temperatures ranging from -24 to 82 °C. Through testing at various operating conditions, it has been confirmed that the maximum error is less than 2.9 °C even when the speed and torque vary.

Experimental Investigation on Stator Impedance Affected by Magnetic Saturation and Rotor Slot used for Sensor-less IM Vector Control System with High-frequency Voltage Signal Injection

Experimental Investigation on Stator Impedance Affected by Magnetic Saturation and Rotor Slot used for Sensor-less IM Vector Control System with High-frequency Voltage Signal Injection

Improved Saliency-Based Position Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines With Single DC-Link Current Sensor Using Current Prediction Method

This paper presents an improved saliency-based position sensorless drive of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) with a single current sensor, used for low cost applications. The phase current, reconstructed from a dc-link current, shows a reconstruction error resulted from the difference of the sampling point from that of a full current sensor drive. This reconstruction error results in degradation of the overall sensorless control performance. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the reconstruction error depending on the injection frequency for a high frequency voltage signal injection sensorless control. Based on this analysis, we propose an improved position sensorless drive that employs a new current reconstruction method. In order to minimize the reconstruction error, the proposed current reconstruction method predicts the dq -axis currents with the same sampling point as a full current sensor drive. Several experimental results are provided to verify the analysis of the reconstruction error and the proposed method's improved sensorless control performances.

Rotor position on‐line estimation of aircraft brushless synchronous motor based on multi‐stage‐structure characteristics

This study presents a novel on-line rotor position estimation method of an aviation brushless synchronous motor in the low-speed region using high-frequency voltage signal injection. Square wave voltage signals are imposed on the stator windings of the main generator, and the response current signals extracted on the stator windings of the main exciter are used to estimate position information. The mutual inductance characteristics between stator windings and filed winding of the main generator are utilised. The proposed method eliminates the dependency on the magnetic saliency. Experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Combined Back-EMF Estimator with High-Frequency Signal Injection for Wide Speed Range Sensorless Control of PMLSM

This paper describes a composite sensorless position and speed detection algorithm designed for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). A high-frequency voltage signal injection method is used at starting and low speed, and a back-EMF integrate method is used at high speed, and the two kinds of method are fused by weighting method in the transition speed area. Simulation results show that estimation accuracy of this composite estimation method is satisfactory, and the sensorless control system based on this method has good dynamic response characteristics within full speed.

Sensorless Control of Wound Rotor Synchronous Machines Based on High-frequency Signal Injection into the Stator Windings

This paper proposes a sensorless control approach for Wound Rotor Synchronous Machines (WRSMs) based on a high frequency voltage signal injection into the stator side U phase and VW line, respectively. Considering the machine itself as a rotor position sensor, the rotor position observer is established according to the principles of the rotary transformer. A demodulation method for the high frequency signal inducted in the rotor is proposed as well. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed sensorless control approach has high performance and good practicability.

차세대 고속전철 저속영역에서의 센서리스 제어

In this paper, a sensorless speed control system is designed for the next generation high speed railway at zero and low speed region. The applied vector control scheme is a maximum torque per ampere(MTPA) method to utilize reluctance torque of IPMSM. The designed sensorless control scheme is a rotating high frequency voltage signal injection method. To verify the designed system, a simulator for the vector controller and sensorless controller is implemented using Matlab/simulink..

Sensorless drive of surface-mounted permanent-magnet motor by high-frequency signal injection based on magnetic saliency

This paper presents a new sensorless control scheme of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SMPM) motor using high-frequency voltage signal injection method based on the high-frequency impedance difference. In the SMPM motor, due to the flux of the permanent magnet, the stator core around the q-axis winding is saturated. This makes the magnetic saliency in the motor. This magnetic saliency has the information about the rotor position. The high-frequency voltage signal is injected into the motor in order to detect the magnetic saliency and estimate the rotor position. In this paper, the relationship between the high-frequency voltages and high-frequency currents is developed using the voltage equations at the high frequency, and the high-frequency impedance characteristics are analyzed experimentally under various conditions. The proposed sensorless control scheme makes it possible to drive the SMPM motor in the low-speed region including zero speed, even under heavy load conditions. The experimental results verify the performance of the proposed sensorless algorithm.