Higher Frequency In Females Research Articles

Children and adolescents assisted in a referral oral medicine diagnostic service: 20 years of experience in Brazil.

Several lesions can affect the oral and maxillofacial region, with trends influenced by lifestyle and age. To investigate the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial lesions in paediatric patients assisted in an oral medicine diagnostic service in Brazil over 20 years. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in an oral medicine diagnostic service (1999-2019). Data included sex, age, anatomic site, and diagnosis from clinical records of children (0-9 years) and adolescents (10-19 years). Lesions were diagnosed through clinical examination. Biopsy and histopathologic examination were performed when necessary. Among 10 530 records, 702 (6.67%) were from patients aged 0-19 years diagnosed with oral or maxillofacial lesions. A high frequency of females was observed (58.1%). Reactive/inflammatory lesions were the most common group of lesions (45.2%), followed by abnormalities of teeth/developmental defects (17.8%) and pulpal and periapical diseases (8.5%). Mucocele/ranula was the most common lesion in children (29.3%) and adolescents (25.3%). Lips were the most affected anatomic sites. Most lesions were benign, and mucocele/ranula was the most frequent. Our results did not differ from those of histopathological-based studies, but they provided information on the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial lesions to dentists and paediatricians.

Effects of orthodontic aligners on the ecological report of awake bruxism.

The demand for orthodontic treatment with aligners has recently increased, but their effects on awake bruxism (AB) behaviours have to be evaluated yet. This investigation assessed if aligners can affect oral behaviours (i.e. tooth contact, teeth clenching, teeth grinding and mandible bracing) that are related with the AB spectrum. The investigation was performed in a sample of 32 consecutively recruited healthy adult patients who required orthodontic treatment. The study protocol involved three different sessions of 1-week monitoring without aligners, with passive aligners and with active aligners, respectively. All patients underwent an orthodontic treatment with aligners and used a smartphone-based application for a real-time report (i.e. ecological momentary assessment [EMA]) of their AB behaviours. Recording time was set from 8.00 to 12.30 and from 14.30 to 22.00. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the average reported frequency for each activity within and between the different sessions. The coefficient of variation (CV) was assessed to evaluate daily fluctuations within the 7 days monitoring periods. The average reported frequency of the relaxed condition was 64.9%, 63.0% and 60.0% during the sessions without aligners, with passive aligners and with active aligners, respectively. ANOVA showed no significant differences in any of the AB behaviours within (i.e. between 7 days of evaluation) and between the monitoring sessions (i.e. before orthodontic treatment, with passive aligners, with active aligners). No sex differences were detected, except for the 'tooth contact' report that showed a higher frequency in females. The impact of our results in the orthodontic field is not negligible; clinicians can find support for the hypothesis that from a global point of view, wearing or not wearing aligners (passive and/or active) does not influence the frequency of AB behaviours at the short term.

Essential Cystitis Framework: Medication-based Management and Detection

Bladder inflammation, commonly brought on by a bladder infection, is known as cystitis. This sort of urinary tract infection (UTI) is widespread, especially in women, and is usually not as significant of a problem as it seems. Bacteria in the lower urinary tract are typically the cause of cystic cystitis. The bacteria Escherichia coli is typically the cause, accounting for 95% of cases. Bacteria can occasionally enter the bladder through the urethra and cause cystitis, an inflammation of the bladder typically brought on by a bladder infection. It's a prevalent kind of urinary tract infection (UTI), especially in women, and typically only causes minor discomfort rather than alarm. When treating women with simple acute cystitis, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), fosfomycin, or nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals are the first-choice medications. When other suggested medications are not effective, beta-lactam antibiotics may be utilized. 33.54% of people had a UTI, with 66.78% female and 33.22% male. In India, there was a higher frequency in females than in males (2:1). 2019 estimates for the world included 404.61 million cases, 236,790 deaths, and 520,200 DALYs. Specifically, there was a 2.4-fold increase in deaths between 1990 and 2019, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) went from 2.77/100,000 to 3.13/100,000. In this review study, we discuss the causes, prevalence, available treatments, and current status of cystitis.

The Postmortem Evaluation of Anatomical Thymic Parameters in the Context of Age, Cause of Death, Sex, and Body Mass Index in the Elderly Human Population

The studies of thymic structure were performed predominantly in cohorts of younger individuals. Here, we established a cohort of body donors whose age at the time of death ranged from 57 to 103 to study the relationship between thymic structure and factors that, in the younger subjects, have shown to affect the organ’s anatomy, including the presence of the organ’s capsule, its weight, size of the left and right lobes, and a transverse diameter. We explored the relationships between these thymic parameters and the subjects’ age, sex, and cause of death (COD), asking how the thymus in the elderly differed from the organ’s macro-anatomy in a broader and younger human population, and whether age, sex, COD, and BMI could influence the thymic parameters in the elderly. Our analyses revealed that the thymic size but not thymic weight in the KYCOM cohort differed significantly from the younger individuals. The size of the thymus in males progressively decreased, but in females, the size of the right lobe increased. The encapsulated thymus was detected with a higher frequency in females than males. We found no associations between thymic parameters and the person’s COD, age, or sex. However, the person’s BMI was associated with thymic weight, suggesting that obesity may influence the aging of the immune system.

Vascular microforamina and endocranial surface: Normal variation and distribution in adult humans.

The term craniovascular traits refers to the imprints left by arteries and veins on the skull bones. These features can be used in biological anthropology and archaeology to investigate the morphology of the vascular network in extinct species and past populations. Generally, the term refers to macrovascular features of the endocranial cavity, like those associated with the middle meningeal artery, venous sinuses, emissary foramina, and diploic channels. However, small vascular passages (here called microforamina or microchannels) have been occasionally described on the endocranial surface. The larger ones (generally with a diameter between 0.5 and 2.0 mm) can be detected through medical scanners on osteological collections. In this study, we describe and quantify the number and distribution of these microforamina in adult humans (N = 45) and, preliminarily, in a small sample of children (N = 7). Adults display more microchannels than juvenile skulls. A higher frequency in females is also observed, although this result is not statistically significant and might be associated with allometric cranial variations. The distribution of the microforamina is particularly concentrated on the top of the vault, in particular along the sagittal, metopic, and coronal sutures, matching the course of major venous sinuses and parasagittal bridging veins. Nonetheless, the density is lower in the region posterior to bregma. Beyond oxygenation, these vessels are likely involved in endocranial thermal regulation, infection, inflammation, and immune responses, and their distribution and prevalence can hence be of interest in human biology, evolutionary anthropology, and medicine.

Patient and Community Health Global Burden in a World With More Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is one of the commonest life-long disorders worldwide, with a prevalence mostly ranging between 0.7 and 2.9 % in the general population and a higher frequency in females and in well-defined at-risk groups, such as relatives of affected individuals and patients with autoimmune co-morbidities. Increasing clinical detection is facilitated by improving awareness, implementation of a case-finding approach, and serology availability for screening at risk patients, among other factors. Nevertheless, due to huge clinical variability many CeD cases still escape diagnosis in most countries, unless actively searched by proactive policies. The burden of celiac disease is increasing as well as the need for better longitudinal care. Pediatric screening of the general population could represent the road ahead for an efficient intervention of secondary prevention aimed to reduce the social and health burden of celiac disease. This review analyses the epidemiology of celiac disease continent by continent, discusses current strategies to improve the detection of celiac disease, and highlights challenges related to the burden of celiac disease globally.

Real-world analyses of BRAF alterations in patients with non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancers.

759 Background: BRAF V600E mutations are present in 5-10% of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated with poor prognosis. Recently, there was tumor agnostic FDA approval of dabrafenib + trametinib for BRAF V600E mutated solid tumors. However, the frequency of BRAF alterations ( BRAF alt), especially non-V600E, in other gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are not well described. This study characterizes BRAF alt in CRC vs other GI cancers (non-CRC). Methods: De-identified records from 51,560 patients diagnosed with GI cancers were retrospectively analyzed from the Tempus database. The molecular landscape including presence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic BRAF alt was evaluated by panel-based tissue DNA, RNA or ctDNA NGS sequencing (Tempus Labs, Inc.). The frequency of BRAF alt, co-mutations, MSI, TMB and MMR were compared between CRC and (non-CRC) by Chi-squared/Fisher’s Exact or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. False-discovery rate correction was used for multiple testing. Results: BRAF alt were identified in 8.9% of CRC and 2.2% of non-CRC cohort. BRAF alt frequency varied by tumor type with the highest observed in colon (11%), jejunum (9.6%), intrahepatic bile duct (5.3%), rectal (4.5%), and ampulla of vater (4.5%) and lower in esophageal (0.9%) and gastric (1.6%). BRAF alt CRC had higher frequency of females (57% vs 45%, p <0.001) and older age at diagnosis (67 vs 66 yrs, p=0.029) compared to non-CRC group. Race was also significantly different, with white patients being more predominant in both groups (85% CRC,77% non-CRC). Among the BRAF alt, fusions (12% vs 2.2%, p <0.001) and amplifications (3.1% vs 0.3%, p <0.001) were higher in non-CRC vs CRC (Table). BRAF V600E was most common in all GI tumors, but higher in CRC vs non-CRC (75% vs 27%, q<0.001). Mutations higher in non-CRC vs CRC (q<0.009) included class II (G469A, K601E, BRAF-SND1, and BRAF amplification) and class III (D594N & N581S) BRAF alt. BRAF co-occurring mutations in CRC were TP53 (70%), APC (42%), RNF43 (30%), SMAD4 (22%), and PIK3CA (21%), and in non-CRC: TP53 (52%), CDKN2A (32%), CDKN2B (20%) SMAD4 (17%) and MTAP (16%). Among tissue samples, MSI-H (30% vs 4.%, p <0.001) and TMB-H ≥10 mut/MB (32% vs 6.7%, p <0.001) were more frequent in BRAF alt CRC vs non-CRC. Conclusions: Meaningful differences were found between the groups in terms of demographics, frequency, and type of BRAF alt and co-occurring mutations. In particular, certain BRAF fusions were present in a higher proportion of other GI cancers and could be an important therapeutic target for this patient population.[Table: see text]

Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru.

Depression is prevalent among aging people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. We sought to identify depression risk factors among a group of middle-aged and older PLWH in Lima, Peru. We assessed risk factors for depression among PLWH over age 40 receiving care in an HIV clinic in Lima, Peru. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered. We performed descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. Mean age was 51.7 ± 7.7 years with 15.3% females. One-quarter of participants had depression with higher frequency in females. Risk factors that significantly increased the risk of depression included female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.19 [95%CI 1.07-4.49]), currently smoking (aPR = 2.25 [95%CI 1.15-4.43]), and prior opportunistic infection (aPR = 2.24 [95%CI 1.05-4.76]). Our study demonstrates that PLWH who are female, current smokers, or had an opportunistic infection have higher risk of depression. Identifying PLWH at-risk for depression is key to early mental health interventions.

Association of Risk Factors and Comorbidities With Chronic Pain in the Elderly Population.

Chronic pain disorders affect about 20% of adults in the United States, and it disproportionately affects individuals living in the neighborhoods of extreme socioeconomic disadvantage. In many instances, chronic pain has been noted to arise from an aggregation of multiple risk factors and events. Therefore, it is of importance to recognize the modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the comorbid medical conditions and risk factors associated with chronic pain disorders in patients aged 65 years and older. Our team retrospectively reviewed medical records of elderly patients (65 years and older) who were evaluated in our outpatient medicine office between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021 for acute problems, management of chronic medical problems, or well visits. We divided our patients into a group who suffered from chronic pain disorder, and another group who did not have chronic pain disorder. The association of variables were compared between those groups. Of the 2431 patients, 493 (20.3%) had a chronic pain disorder. A higher frequency of females in the group with chronic pain disorder was found compared to the group without a chronic pain disorder (60.6% vs 55.2%; P = .033). The mean ages between the two groups were similar in the group with a chronic pain disorder compared to the group without (76.35 ± 7.5 year vs 76.81 ± 7.59 year; P = .228). There were significant associations of certain comorbidities in the group with a chronic pain disorder compared to the group without a chronic pain disorder, such as depression (21.9% vs 15.2%; P < .001), anxiety (27.0% vs 17.1%; P < .001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8.7% vs 6.1%; P = .036), obstructive sleep apnea (16.8% vs 11.6%; P = .002), gastroesophageal reflux disease (40.8% vs 29.0%; P < .001), osteoarthritis (49.3% vs 26.1%; P < .001), other rheumatologic diseases (24.9% vs 19.4%; P = .006), and peripheral neuropathy (14.4% vs 5.3%; P < .001). Female sex, depression, anxiety, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, osteoarthritis, other rheumatologic diseases, and peripheral neuropathy were significantly associated with chronic pain disorder in elderly patients, while BMI was not associated with chronic pain disorder.

Trends and Components of Thyroid Status Evaluation in Commercially Insured Adults in the United States, 2006-2020.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is one of the most ordered laboratory tests. Determine trends of TSH testing rates and components of thyroid function testing. This was a retrospective analysis of adults 18-64 years old without evidence of thyroid disease with at least 365 days of continuous enrollment between 2006 and 2020 in the IBM MarketScan Claims Database. The main outcome measures were trends of TSH tests/1000 eligible patient-months stratified by age, sex, and region and composition of thyroid function testing. Among 67 353 280 patients meeting eligibility criteria, we identified 25 606 518 TSH tests and 15 138 211 patients with ≥1 TSH test. Patients contributing an episode of TSH testing were most commonly 45-54 years old (29.8%) and female (63.6%). TSH testing rates remained consistent throughout the study period with 11.4 and 11.7 TSH tests/1000 person-months in the first and last study months, respectively (mean 12.2 TSH tests/1000 person-months). TSH testing rates dropped sharply in the spring of 2020 (4.2 TSH tests/1000 person-months). Females showed a nearly 2-fold higher rate of TSH testing than males (16.1 TSH tests/1000 person-months vs 8.6 TSH tests/1000 person-months). TSH testing rates increased with age (8.2 TSH tests/1000 person-months among individuals 18-34 years old vs 15.4 TSH tests/1000 person-months among individuals 55-64 years old). No difference in TSH testing rates was noted between regions. Thyroid function testing episodes included only TSH in most cases (70.8%). TSH testing rates among commercially insured individuals without known thyroid disease appears stable over time, with higher frequency in females and with increasing age.

Threats to the conservation of the vulnerable giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in the Cerrado biome: a retrospective survey.

In this study, we conducted a retrospective survey of 63 giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) using the Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil as reference site for wild animals. We analyzed the clinical records of 63 animals from January 2016 to February 2020. The information obtained included the location where the anteater was found, the reason for rescue, estimated life stage, gender, weight, general condition of the animal, clinical signs, diagnosis, and destination. Of the 63 animals, 30.15%, (n = 19/63) were found in rural areas, 25.40% (n = 16/63) in urban areas, and 22.22% (n = 14/63) near highways. The main reason for rescue was run-over accidents (n = 18/63, 28.60%). Regarding life stage distribution, 27% (n = 17/63) were cubs, 25.40% (n = 16/63) were adolescent, and 41.26% (n = 26/63) were adults. There was a higher frequency of females (n = 35/63, 56%), and three (9%) of them were pregnant or had cubs. For injury evaluation, three of the 63 giant anteaters were dead on arrival at the rehabilitation site; therefore, we excluded them from this aspect of the study. Of the 60 remaining anteaters, only 13.33% (n = 8/60) of the animals were healthy upon physical examination.The most common condition was traumatic brain injury (n = 32/60 53.33%), followed by fractures (n = 23/60, 38.33%), neonate triad (n = 15/60, 25%), and abrasions (n = 15/60, 25%). The animals presented a high mortality rate (n = 39/60, 65%). The low number of giant anteaters reintroduced to their natural habitat and the high mortality rate of animals sent to rehabilitation centers show that the protection of giant anteaters is important to reduce the number of these animals sent to rehabilitation centers.

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ И ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА ВАРИКОЗНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ В ТАДЖИКИСТАНЕ

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of varicose vein disease (VVD) and its risk factors (RFs) among the population of Tajikistan in the pilot project involving the two regions of the country. Methods: From the general population permanently residing in D. Balkhi and Dusti districts of the Republic of Tajikistan 3,084 people were screened for VVD and its RFs, including 1,521 from the Dusti district (376 men and 1,145 women), and 1,563 from the D. Balkhi district (352 men and 1211 women). There were 728 men (23.6%), and 2,356 women (76.4%) enrolled in the study. The age of the screened cohort ranged from 11 to 83 years, with a mean age of 41.1±3.5 years. The study included analysis of complaints and anamnesis of the disease, a detailed study and identification of all possible RFs, angiological examination of the participants in order to identify the signs of VVC, as well as Doppler ultrasound examination (DUE) in case of dilatation of the main subcutaneous veins. Results: Clinical signs of VVD were detected in 1,469 (47.6%) people of the examined cohort, which were significantly less common in men (280 cases, 38.5%) than in women (1,189; 50.5%) (p&lt;0.001). The most common manifestations were reticular varices and telangiectases (59.6%) with significantly higher frequency in females (p&lt;0.001). The share of C2-C6 classes of VVC was 40.4% of cases, including decompensated forms of the disease with symptoms of induration, healed or active ulcers, which occurred in 4.9% of cases. Most often different forms of VVD were found in females (n=1189;80.9%) compared to males (n=280; 19.1%) (p&lt;0.001). However, among male patients mild forms of VVD, such as reticular varices and telangiectases, were significantly less common (48.9%) compared to the females (62.2%; p&lt;0.001). The main subcutaneous veins’ dilation and complicated forms of VVD (C2-C6) were observed in 51.1% of men and 37.8% of women, the difference between them being significant (p&lt;0.001). Most commonly VVD was seen in the age of 31-40 and 41-50 years (83.2% and 69.7%, respectively). Significant RFs for VVD among the examined cohort were hereditary predisposition (OR 2.322; 95% CI: 1.247-3.421), pregnancy and number of deliveries (OR 3.041; 95% CI: 1.033-4.051), obesity (OR 1.338; 95% CI: 0.838- 2.481), regular static activity (OR 11.262; 95% CI: 7.452-17.019), prolonged standing or sedentary work (OR 3.627; 95% CI: 1.464-4.848), age over 18 years (OR 1.506; 95% CI: 0.839-2.702) and a combination of RFs (OR 8.096; 95% CI: 6.072-12.129). Conclusion: Almost half (47.6%) of the surveyed population suffers from VVD of varying severity, most of patients are young and middle-aged people, mainly women. Significant RFs for VVD among the examined cohort were hereditary predisposition, pregnancy and childbirths, obesity, regular heavy physical activity, prolonged sedentary or standing work, age, as well as a combination of these factors. Keywords: Chronic venous disease, varicose veins, epidemiology, risk factors.

Male and Female Toddlers with DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder have Similar Developmental Profiles and Core Autism Symptoms.

Compare developmental profiles and core ASD symptom manifestation between male and female toddlers with DSM-5 ASD. Retrospective record review of 500 toddlers (79% male) at time of ASD diagnosis. There were no differences in developmental functioning between males and females. When adjusting for multiple comparisons, sex differences were only noted for sensory seeking behavior occurring at a higher frequency in females. Overall, there were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, developmental functioning, or manifestation of core ASD symptoms between males versus female toddlers at the time of DSM-5 ASD diagnosis.

282 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TREND OF AMYLOIDOSIS AND AMYLOIDOSIS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN VENETO REGION FROM 2010-2020

Abstract Background Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is classified as a rare disorder; however, emerging evidence exists that it might be more frequent than expected, especially in certain selected population like patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). A few studies reported a progressively increasing frequency of CA diagnosis over time, related to the availability of non-invasive diagnostic algorithm and of novel therapies. The aim of this study was to analyse CA diagnosis trend in the Veneto region over the last ten years and the possible relation with CTS diagnosis. Methods Retrospective observational study based on discharge diagnoses ICD codes of patients hospitalized in the Veneto region between 2010 and 2020. We included patients &amp;gt;18 years old with ICD-9 hospital discharge codes for amyloidosis and heart failure/cardiomyopathy. Moreover, to verify the possible interaction between CTS and amyloidosis, we analysed patients with hospital or outpatient ICD-9 code for CTS surgery in the same time range. Study endpoint was to investigate if an increasing trend in CA diagnosis, overall and in high-risk patients, is present in the Veneto region. Results Considering just the last hospitalization available for each patient, we found that the number of patients with an amyloidosis diagnosis code increased progressively from 63 individuals in 2010 to 228 individuals in 2020. This trend was more evident in males and in patients &amp;gt;65 years. Similarly, the numbers of hospital discharge form with a main diagnosis of amyloidosis increased from 148 in 2010 to 308 in 2020 and, again, the trend was steeper for males and for those &amp;gt;65 years. When we analysed those with an amyloidosis code plus a heart failure/cardiomyopathy code, we found that the number of patients increased progressively from 15 in 2010 to 159 in 2020, with a cumulative total of 556 patients. In particular, the number of males with these characteristics increased from 6 to 107, while the number of females increased from 9 to 52 patients; among those &amp;gt;65 years, the number of patients increased from 13 to 127 whilst it changes from 2 to 32 in those ≤65 years. When considering CTS hospital and outpatient surgery codes, we found a stable number of procedure/years over time, slightly decreasing in 2020. Despite a greater frequency of CTS surgery in females over the study period [50012 (69%) females with single CTS surgery versus 22357 (31%) males; 11406 (64%) females with multiple CTS surgeries versus 6526 (36%) males], when we analysed patients with multiple CTS surgeries and a heart failure/cardiomyopathy code, we found a total of 913 patients, 463 (51%) of which were males. Conclusion In the Veneto region, over the past 10 years, we found a progressively increasing number of patients discharged with an amyloidosis diagnosis code and with amyloidosis and heart failure/cardiomyopathy diagnosis code, particularly men and individuals &amp;gt;65 years old. Regarding CTS surgery, despite an expected higher frequency in females, we found a greater proportion of males undergoing multiple CTS surgery and with a heart failure/cardiomyopathy code, potentially indicating CA diagnosis and, therefore, an opportunity for screening and earlier diagnosis in this setting.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ORAL NEUROFIBROMA: A 20-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Objectives To analyze the clinicopathologic features of oral neurofibromas (ONs) diagnosed in 2 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology referral centers. Study Design A retrospective clinicopathologic study of ONs was performed (2000-2020). All cases were revised, and clinicopathologic data were collected. Results Among 18,121 diagnoses, 44 (0.2%) were ONs. There was a high frequency of females (62.6%) and a mean age of 43.4 years. Three patients had neurofibromatosis type 1 (6.8%), and 1 showed multiple ONs (2.3%). The palate was the most affected anatomic site (50%). Microscopically, most lesions were not well delimited (90.9%), and the stroma was predominantly fibrous (52.3%). Thirty cases exhibited mast cells (68.2%). Meissner bodies were present in 2 cases (4.5%). Forty-one cases were classified as diffuse ONs (93.2%). Conclusions ONs may occur as single or multiple lesions, associated or not with neurofibromatosis type 1. ONs may be composed of the fibrous stroma, and mast cells and chronic inflammatory cells are commonly found. Diffuse ONs are more common. Knowledge of clinicopathologic features is essential for the correct diagnosis of ONs. To analyze the clinicopathologic features of oral neurofibromas (ONs) diagnosed in 2 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology referral centers. A retrospective clinicopathologic study of ONs was performed (2000-2020). All cases were revised, and clinicopathologic data were collected. Among 18,121 diagnoses, 44 (0.2%) were ONs. There was a high frequency of females (62.6%) and a mean age of 43.4 years. Three patients had neurofibromatosis type 1 (6.8%), and 1 showed multiple ONs (2.3%). The palate was the most affected anatomic site (50%). Microscopically, most lesions were not well delimited (90.9%), and the stroma was predominantly fibrous (52.3%). Thirty cases exhibited mast cells (68.2%). Meissner bodies were present in 2 cases (4.5%). Forty-one cases were classified as diffuse ONs (93.2%). ONs may occur as single or multiple lesions, associated or not with neurofibromatosis type 1. ONs may be composed of the fibrous stroma, and mast cells and chronic inflammatory cells are commonly found. Diffuse ONs are more common. Knowledge of clinicopathologic features is essential for the correct diagnosis of ONs.

Morphological and structural differences between the hemipenes and hemiclitores of golden lancehead snakes, Bothrops insularis (Amaral,1922), revealed by radiography.

The golden lancehead (Bothrops insularis) is a critically endangered and island endemic snake. A remarkable characteristic of golden lanceheads is the high frequency of females showing hemiclitores. Here, we use radiography to identify morphological and structural differences between the hemipenes and hemiclitores in captive individuals. Sex was identified using the probing method and confirmed by visualizing the gonads by ultrasound. Hemipenes appeared as herringbone-shaped structures with bone radiopacity and hemiclitores as triangular structures with soft tissue radiopacity. These differences suggest that hemiclitores spines fail to develop the level of ossification observed in hemipenis spines.

Epidemiological profile of suicide attempts in a municipality in southwest Paraná, from 2017 to 2020.

This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile and psychological disorder of the suicide attempt cases in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. This is an epidemiological descriptive/qualitative study of suicide attempts conducted between 2017 and 2020. This study used data from the Brazilian Information system for notifications involving suicide attempts (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, SINAN) and 447 notifications were obtained. An analysis of the electronic medical record of these patients was performed in order to investigate the mental disorders, using a questionnaire. Of the 447 notifications, 382 were eligible for the study. Using the 95% confidence interval, there was a higher frequency of females with 71.7% aged between 18 and 35 years representing 48.4%, with 77.2% white race/color, the singles appeared in the majority with 47.6% with a history of previous suicide attempts, using exogenous intoxication as a method in the attempt with 67.5%. Regarding mental health, 66.5% of the patients had some mental disorders, with the highest prevalence of recurrent depressive disorder found in 40.6%. It was observed that there is a need for training of health professionals and implementation of programs and preventive measures aimed primarily at females aged between 18 and 35 years with mental disorders, especially with recurrent depressive disorder and with a history of previous suicide attempt.

Do Genetic Drift and Gene Flow Affect the Geographic Distribution of Female Plants in Gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica?

Variation in population sex ratio is particularly pronounced in gynodioecious angiosperms. Extremely high female frequencies in gynodioecious populations cannot be readily explained by selective forces alone. To assess the contributions of drift and gene flow to extreme sex-ratio variation, we documented sex ratio and population size in 92 populations of Lobelia siphilitica across its range and genotyped plants using plastid and nuclear genetic markers. Similarity in spatial patterns of genetic and demographic variables may suggest that drift and/or gene flow have contributed to population sex-ratio variation in L. siphilitica. We found strong spatial structuring of extremely high female frequencies: populations with >50% female plants are restricted to the south–central portion of the range. However, we did not detect any spatial structuring in population size nor metrics of genetic diversity, suggesting that extreme variation in female frequency is not strongly affected by drift or gene flow. Extreme sex-ratio variation is frequently observed in gynodioecious plants, but its causes are difficult to identify. Further investigation into mechanisms that create or maintain the spatial structure of sex ratios in gynodioecious species will provide much needed insight.

Demographic, endoscopic and histological profile of esophageal cancer at the Gastroenterology Department of Maputo Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.

Introductionesophageal cancer is a major public health problem in Mozambique. It is the nineth most common cancer worldwide in terms of incidence (604.000 new cases/year), and sixth in overall mortality (544.076 deaths/year). In Mozambique esophageal cancer was the seventh most common cancer in males and the fifth in females between 1991 and 2008.Methodsit was done a cross-sectional hospital-based epidemiological study, using secondary demographics endoscopic and pathologic features data. A retrospective analysis of the existing information of patients classified as esophageal cancer diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy observed from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2018 at the Gastroenterology Service of Maputo Central Hospital. A coding sheet was created a priori, and data analysed in SPSS version 20.Resultsof the 205 cases with complete records where included in the analysis, there was a higher frequency of females with 56.6% (116/205). The average age was 59.5 years with standard deviation of ± 12.9 years. Most of the patients were native of southern Mozambique, with 92.7% (190/205), of which Maputo made up 53.2% (109/205). Regarding race, 99.5% (204/205) were black. The most affected endoscopic location was the middle third with 48.8% (100/205), followed by the lower third with 29.8% (61/205) and the upper third with 21.5% (44/205). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent, with 92.7% (190/205), followed by adenocarcinoma with 4.9% (10/205).Conclusiondue to the high number of observed cases of esophageal cancer, a high degree of clinical suspicion is needed for timely diagnosis and more effective treatment. Updated prevalent studies are needed throughout the country to understand the true impact of esophageal cancer on the Mozambican population.

Prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases and their associated factors in adults over 39 years in riverside population in the Western Brazilian Amazon region

The prevalence of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease (CND) are rocketting over the world, including in young adults. The WHO estimates that more than half of the deaths in the world are caused by CND.&#x0D; A cross-sectional study was carried out from june to november 2016. The researchers visited 16 communities, with a sample size of 183 adult individuals performed for convenience. The patients went through screening and verified: weight, height, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, clinical-epidemiological history and performed physical and laboratory examination. Prevalence ratios were calculated with confidence intervals of 95% and with statistical significance with p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CND and its associated factors in the elderly riverside population of the Rio Madeira in Humaitá, Amazonas State, Western Brazilian Amazon.&#x0D; The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) was 44.7%, 52.6% in female. Of the individuals with SAH, 77.5% did not use medication. About 51.5% of them had Grade I SAH. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 16.4%, where no patient used medication and about 40.4% of the studied population fits in the glucose intolerance range. Metabolic syndrome presented a prevalence of 24.0%, with a higher frequency in females (33.8%) (p=0.007). Concerning chronic kidney disease, a prevalence of 12.1% was observed in both genders. The associated factors found were alcoholism, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and obesity, and more than 45% of the patients had at least two associated factors.&#x0D; The population had a high prevalence of CND and associated factors, low frequency of medication use, revealing inefficiency of the local health system. Increased coverage of the Governmental Family Health Strategy (GFHS) and the increase in number of trained Community Health Assistants , together with health education actions can increase the population’s health standard.