High FCR Research Articles

Latent profile analysis and related factors for fear of cancer recurrence among Chinese breast cancer patients in rehabilitation

PurposeFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a psychological problem often faced by breast cancer patients in the rehabilitation period. The aim of this study was to identify FCR subgroups of Chinese breast cancer patients in rehabilitation and to analysis the factors affecting each subgroup. The effects of the subgroups on quality of life (QoL) were also explored. MethodsCross-sectional data were collected from 300 breast cancer patients in a rehabilitation setting. The researchers invited the subjects to complete questionnaires on FCR, fatigue, anxiety depression, perception of illness and QoL. The researchers conducted a latent profile analysis. The factors influencing the subgroups of FCR were identified using ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Linear regression analyses were used to explore the effect of subgroups on QoL. ResultsThere were three subgroups of FCR: profile 1 ‘Low FCR Group’ (42.3%), profile 2 ‘Moderate FCR Group’ (45.6%), and profile 3 ‘High FCR Group’ (12.1%). Cancer stage II was a protective factor for FCR patients (OR = 0.107, P < 0.01) and was more likely to be categorized among the low FCR group. Anxiety depression was a risk factor for FCR patients and was more likely to be categorized in the medium FCR group (OR = 1.764, P < 0.001) and in the high FCR group (OR = 2.911, P < 0.001). In addition, patients subjected to a high perception of illness were more likely to be considered in the medium FCR group (OR = 1.041, P < 0.05), a risk factor affecting patients with FCR. Linear regression analysis showed that subgroups with higher FCR had a stronger negative predictive effect on their QoL (all P < 0.001). ConclusionsThe FCR was identified as three subgroups among breast cancer patients in rehabilitation, which suggests that healthcare professionals should give full consideration to the impact of cancer stage, anxiety and depression, and illness perceptions on the FCR subgroups in order to improve their QoL.

Effects of acclimation temperature on growth, physiology and thermal tolerance of the juvenile grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Aquatic ichthyofauna are facing unfavourable temperature fluctuations due to the anthropogenic activities and global climate change. Effects of temperature in aquatic environments need to be explored for revealing its potential effects on the aquatic organisms. In present study, the effects of different acclimation temperatures on the oxidative stress, metabolism, thermal tolerance and growth of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were studied. Grass carp fingerlings (10.40 ± 0.37 g) were reared for 60 days under different acclimation temperatures, i.e., 22 °C, 26 °C, 30 °C, 34 °C and 38 °C respectively. Significantly higher growth rate (weight gain and specific growth rate) and improved FCR of fish reared at 30 °C were observed, while under higher or lower acclimation temperatures, fish showed slow growth rate and high FCR. Growth rate in term of % weight gain and specific growth rate showed positive correlation with pyruvate kinase activity. Moreover, antioxidant parameters catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) in different tissues (liver, brain, gills, muscles and intestine) of fish showed decreasing trend from 22 °C towards 30 °C acclimation temperatures. However, beyond 30 °C, i.e., from 34 °C to 38 °C fish showed oxidative stress response, indicated by increasing trend in antioxidant parameter levels. Moreover, thermal tolerance data revealed that fingerlings of C. idella reared at highest acclimation temperature (38 °C) showed highest CTMax and CTMin values, while those reared at lowest acclimation temperature (22 °C) showed lowest CTMax and CTMin values. Our present study provides new insights regarding the thermal tolerance of fish and can be practically implemented in aquaculture sector.

Altered regional homogeneity and homotopic connectivity in Chinese breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence: A resting-state fMRI study

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most distressing concerns for breast cancer survivors, but the neural mechanism underlying FCR remains unclear. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 62 breast cancer survivors varying in FCR (31 high-FCR individuals and 31 low-FCR individuals) and compared neuroimaging findings. Data from 3 low-FCR subjects were excluded because they did not complete all experiments. All the participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) were assessed. ResultsBreast cancer survivors with high and low FCR significantly differed in the ReHo of the left caudate nucleus and precuneus as well as in the VMHC of the posterior cerebellar lobe, superior frontal gyrus, orbital frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, occipital gyrus, inferior parietal lobule and frontal middle gyrus. FCR was negatively correlated with the mean ReHo of the left caudate nucleus (r = −0.501, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with the mean ReHo of the right precuneus (r = 0.505, p < 0.001). In addition, FCR was positively correlated with the mean VMHC of the bilateral superior occipital gyrus (r = 0.438, p < 0.001). ConclusionThese findings suggest that the left caudate nucleus, right precuneus and bilateral superior occipital gyrus are involved in FCR, which may provide preliminary evidence to improve the present understanding of the neural mechanisms of FCR.

Study protocol for the evaluation of Fear-Less: a stepped-care program for fear of cancer recurrence in survivors with early-stage disease

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a significant unmet need amongst cancer survivors and is consistently associated with psychological distress and impaired quality of life. Psychological interventions for FCR, such as ConquerFear, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing FCR and improving emotional wellbeing. Unfortunately, there are barriers to the uptake of evidence-based FCR treatments in clinical practice. A stepped-care FCR treatment model may overcome these barriers and has demonstrated potential in people with advanced melanoma. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and impact of a stepped-care FCR treatment model (Fear-Less) in people with other cancer types, who have completed treatment with curative intent.MethodsSixty people with early-stage cancer (defined as individuals who have received treatment with curative intent and with no metastatic disease) will be screened for FCR using the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory—Short Form (FCRI-SF). Individuals reporting moderate FCR (FCRI-SF between 13 and 21) will be offered a clinician-guided self-management resource; those reporting high FCR (FCRI-SF ≥ 22) will be offered individual therapy according to the ConquerFear protocol. Participants will complete purpose-built evaluation surveys assessing their FCR screening and intervention experiences. Clinicians will also complete a survey regarding their experiences of the treatment model. Fear-Less will be evaluated in terms of (1) acceptability (i.e., patient and clinician experience), (2) feasibility (i.e., referral uptake, treatment adherence, and time taken to screen and deliver interventions), and (3) impact (i.e., pre- to post-intervention FCR changes).DiscussionThe Fear-Less stepped-care model is a novel framework for screening FCR and stratifying survivors to the appropriate level of treatment. Our study will provide an indication of whether Fear-Less is a feasible and acceptable FCR model of care amongst survivors with early-stage disease and inform further investigations of this model.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); ACTRN12622000818730.

Examination of IgG Fc Receptor CD16A and CD64 Expression by Canine Leukocytes and Their ADCC Activity in Engineered NK Cells.

Human natural killer (NK) cells can target tumor cells in an antigen-specific manner by the recognition of cell bound antibodies. This process induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and is exclusively mediated by the low affinity IgG Fc receptor CD16A (FcγRIIIA). Exploiting ADCC by NK cells is a major area of emphasis for advancing cancer immunotherapies. CD64 (FcγRI) is the only high affinity IgG FcR and it binds to the same IgG isotypes as CD16A, but it is not expressed by human NK cells. We have generated engineered human NK cells expressing recombinant CD64 with the goal of increasing their ADCC potency. Preclinical testing of this approach is essential for establishing efficacy and safety of the engineered NK cells. The dog provides particular advantages as a model, which includes spontaneous development of cancer in the setting of an intact and outbred immune system. To advance this immunotherapy model, we cloned canine CD16A and CD64 and generated specific mAbs. We report here for the first time the expression patterns of these FcγRs on dog peripheral blood leukocytes. CD64 was expressed by neutrophils and monocytes, but not lymphocytes, while canine CD16A was expressed at high levels by a subset of monocytes and lymphocytes. These expression patterns are similar to that of human leukocytes. Based on phenotypic characteristics, the CD16A+ lymphocytes consisted of T cells (CD3+ CD8+ CD5dim α/β TCR+) and NK cells (CD3− CD5− CD94+), but not B cells. Interestingly, the majority of canine CD16A+ lymphocytes were from the T cell population. Like human CD16A, canine CD16A was downregulated by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) upon leukocyte activation, revealing a conserved means of regulation. We also directly demonstrate that both canine CD16A and CD64 can induce ADCC when expressed in the NK cell line NK-92. These findings pave the way to engineering canine NK cells or T cells with high affinity recombinant canine CD64 to maximize ADCC and to test their safety and efficacy to benefit both humans and dogs.

Fear of Recurrence in Chinese Cancer Patients: Prevalence, Correlates, and Network Analysis.

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a significant issue for most cancer patients. Until now, a detailed investigation of the structure of FCR and the interaction among its constituent elements is lacking. This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of FCR by means of network analysis in Chinese cancer patients.MethodsThis is a multi-center, cross-sectional study that included 996 cancer patients from southern China. All participants were assessed by the 7-item Chinese version Fear of Cancer Recurrence Scale (FCR-7). Multivariate logistic regression, and network analyses were conducted. Central symptoms (nodes) in the FCR network were identified.ResultsAmong the 996 patients, 543 (54.52%) reported moderate FCR, and 137 (13.76%) reported high FCR. Chemotherapy (OR = 2.954, P = 0.016), and childhood severe illness experience (OR = 2.331, P = 0.016) were positively associated with high FCR, while higher monthly income (OR = 0.403, P = 0.046) was negative associated with high FCR. The node #FCR2 (Worried/anxious about recurrence) was the most central node within the FCR network (Strength = 1.190), while node #FCR6 (Examining for physical signs) was the least central node (Strength = 0.373). The edge FCR1-FCR2 (“Afraid”-“Worried/anxious”) was the thickest and most saturated edge in the network. After controlling for age and gender, an almost identical network was obtained with respect to edges magnitude and strength.ConclusionFear of recurrence is a frequently reported issue among Chinese cancer patients. Patients with chemotherapy and childhood severe illness experience were more vulnerable and should be particularly monitored. Compared to behavioral component (i.e., body checking, overscreening and overtreatment) and cognitive component (i.e., intrusions), emotional component (i.e., worry/anxious) is more central to identify FCR and might be potential targets for further interventions.

Effects of C/N Ratio on Water Quality, Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Antioxidant Status of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Biofloc Based Culture System

A 62-d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different C/N ratios on water quality, growth performance, digestives activity, and antioxidant indicators of tilapia fingerlings in BFT systems. Three biofloc treatments (added molasses) with a C/N ratio of 14 (BFT14), 17 (BFT17), and 20 (BFT20) were tested against control in clear-water, each treatment in triplicate. Four hundred twenty tilapias (24.2±0.1 g) were distributed on 12 tanks of 350 L. The dynamics of water quality parameters showed a shift from a predominantly autotrophic to a predominantly heterotrophic biofloc with an increase in the C/N ratio from 14 to 20. The growth and Feed conversion of tilapia were not significantly different between the control, BFT14, and BFT17 groups. A low weight gain and high FCR were found in the BFT20 treatment (0.61±0.07 and 1.11±0.12 g/d) compared to the control (0.84±0.05 and 1±0.07 g/d). Activities of proteases and alpha-amylase in the liver and digestive tract were similar in all treatments. As a measure of stress, CAT and SOD activities did not differ significantly among the four groups. Overall, it was possible to reduce the C/N ratio to14, without negatively affecting the biofloc development, growth performance, and physiological parameters of juvenile tilapia.

Jejunal Transcriptomic Profiling for Differences in Feed Conversion Ratio in Slow-Growing Chickens

Simple SummaryThe slow-growing Korat chicken (KR) is economically attractive, as KR meat has a high selling price and has thus been used in Thailand to support smallholder farmers. However, low feed efficiency in KR stockbreeding makes the product less competitive and improving KR feed efficiency is central to increasing KR profitability. Using RNA sequencing, we compared the jejunal transcriptomic profiles of low- and high-feed conversion ratio (FCR) KR chickens, to identify FCR-related transcriptional variation and biological pathways. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome analysis revealed that the main pathways involved in KR FCR variation are related to immune response, glutathione metabolism, vitamin transport and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and neuronal and cardiac maturation, development, and growth. This is the first study to investigate, in the jejunum, the molecular genetic mechanisms affecting the FCR of slow-growing chickens. These findings will be useful in line-breeding programs to improve feed efficiency and profitability in slow-growing chicken stockbreeding.Improving feed efficiency is an important breeding target for the poultry industry; to achieve this, it is necessary to understand the molecular basis of feed efficiency. We compared the jejunal transcriptomes of low- and high-feed conversion ratio (FCR) slow-growing Korat chickens (KRs). Using an original sample of 75 isolated 10-week-old KR males, we took jejunal samples from six individuals in two groups: those with extremely low FCR (n = 3; FCR = 1.93 ± 0.05) and those with extremely high FCR (n = 3; FCR = 3.29 ± 0.06). Jejunal transcriptome profiling via RNA sequencing revealed 56 genes that were differentially expressed (p < 0.01, FC > 2): 31 were upregulated, and 25 were downregulated, in the low-FCR group relative to the high-FCR group. Functional annotation revealed that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in biological processes related to immune response, glutathione metabolism, vitamin transport and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and neuronal and cardiac maturation, development, and growth, suggesting that these are important mechanisms governing jejunal feed conversion. These findings provide an important molecular basis for future breeding strategies to improve slow-growing chicken feed efficiency.

1470Relationship between dietary fibre to carbohydrate ratio and mortality risk in the NHANES

Abstract Background The evidence is inconsistent regarding associations between relative proportions of macronutrient intake and disease risk, potentially due to limitation in accounting for differential effects of simple sugars and dietary fibre, typically grouped as “carbohydrates.” Methods We performed an analysis comprising subjects enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2004 to examine the association between the ratio of dietary fibre to carbohydrate intake (FC-R) measure and mortality risk. Subjects were followed through 2011. We categorized subjects based on tertile cutpoints of FC-R, and compared their nutrient intake. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusting for demographic, health history, and lifestyle and dietary factors. Results Among the 6,761 participants (48% males; mean age 57.0 years), 1339 deaths were observed during follow-up. The high FC-R group had the lowest caloric and carbohydrate intake, but the highest protein intake. Increasing values of FC-R was significantly associated with reduced mortality risk (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93, 0.97), while percent calories from carbohydrate showed no association. Compared to the low FC-R group, higher FC-R groups showed a trend towards a reduction in mortality risk after adjusting for potential confounders (high group: HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57, 0.78). Conclusions Our findings support the protective effect of fibre in reducing mortality risk. Mechanisms of the association between FC-R and mortality warrant further investigation. Key messages Individuals with higher FC-R diets had lower mortality risk in a large population study.

A Binary Logistic Regression Model for Prediction of Feed Conversion Ratio of Clarias gariepinus From Feed Composition Data

Aquaculture in developing countries faces a lot of challenges that are barely being addressed. With feed taking nearly 70% of the total production cost, it becomes imperative to develop means of optimizing how research is conducted into feed development. Feed conversion ratio as a measure of feed quality can be used to quantify in retrospect the appropriateness of feed fed to livestock, particularly, Clarias gariepinus. From the study, binary logistic regression can in simple terms, determine if prospective feed will perform below or above the acceptable level of 1.5, based on its composition and proximate analysis values. Data from similar experiments are normalized and split into train and testing data to fit a logistic regression model, three numerical optimizers were used including liblinear, Newton-CG, SAG and accuracy of the models were compared using the confusion matrix, and Jaccard similarity score. An accuracy value of 0.8 was observed in the model regardless of the numerical optimizer, this indicates the appropriateness of the model in predicting either high or low FCR for feed types. The probability of prediction showed disparity among liblinear and SAG/Newton-CG solvers. Liblinear solver showed close probabilities in predicting if values will be 1 or 0. While a similar prediction was made by all solvers, this indicates a possible affinity for error when the solver is used. This is also indicated with a logloss of 0.65 as compared to 0.51 in both SAG and Newton-CG solvers.

Effects of mixed probiotic (Lactobacillussp. andSaccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth performance and immune gene expression of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) afterStreptococcus agalactiaevaccination

The farming of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has faced the challenges of infections, especially by Streptococcus However, solving this problem by using antibiotics will cause other problems, such as drug residue that can directly affect consumers and an increase in antibiotic resistance to bacteria. Therefore, probiotics should be an alternative to control bacterial diseases. This study aimed to investigate the optimum level of mixed probiotic supplementation. The experiment was designed to include six treatments (the control diet and probiotic-supplemented diets at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0%). The mixed probiotic was composed of 3.1 × 108 CFU of Lactobacillus sp. and 4.6 × 106 CFU of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After feeding for 30 days, tilapias from each replication were injected with a vaccine containing Streptococcus agalactiae to study the immune gene expression. The results showed that this mixed probiotic can enhance the growth and immune system of tilapias, and the most effective level was at 0.5% with consideration for high ADG, low FCR, and high protective efficiency against S. agalactiae infection. Moreover, toll-like receptor 9 gene and immunoglobulin gene expressions after vaccination for 24 hours were significantly higher than the control. The relative percent survival was the highest at 78.13%. This mixed probiotic can be used for Streptococcosis control in tilapia farms because it can reduce the diet cost and induce both the growth and immune system of tilapias.

The Response of Juvenile Olive Turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea : The Inclusion of Dried Seaweed and Seagrass in Fish Based-Formulated Feed

A common efforts to improve the survivorship of sea turtle in Indonesia is cage nursery program and fed single food type i.e. fresh fish. Such effort, however, has some constrains such as availability and the sea turtle would tend to be habituated because of single-continuous feeding type. Eventually, it could have impact on to their feeding behaviour and survivorship when it is released to the nature. This study concerns on using easily found dried material suh as fish, sea grass and sea weed. Four feeds type i.e. Fish Pellet (FP); F-Syringodium sp pellet (FSp); Fish-Ulva sp pellet (FUp) and fresh fish (FF)- control, were tested. Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with three replication were applied (totally 9 units + 1 unt for control), four individuals for each experiment unit (totally 40 individuals). The feed are given twice a day (i.e. 8 am and 16 pm). The experiment was run for 8 weeks and sampling of growth response were 2 weeks interval. The results showed that the Fish pellet (FP) resulted in superior response for all criterion ( body weight, length and width of carapace) compared to by fish fresh fish (FF), F-Syringodium sp pellet (FSp) and Fish-Ulva sp pellet (FUp). Daily growth (body weight) were significantly different between diet i.e. 0.71±0.19.g/d, 0.54±0.40 g/d, 0.35±0.77g/d and 0.24±0.30g/d for fish pellet (FP), fresh fish (FF), F-Syringodium sp pellet (FSp) and Fish-Ulva sp pellet (FUp) consecutively (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the response of carapace length and carapace wide were not significantly different between diets (P > 0.05). The food ratio were FCR > 6 classified low, the efficient feed type (lowest FCR) was shown by fish pllet (FP) feed (i.e. 6.79) and the least efficient (high FCR) was shown by pellet of fish + Ulva sp (FUp) i.e. 24,6. The analysis of body weight – carapace length relationship showed negative allometric (b < 3). The economical analysis on feed production budget indicated that pellet of fish feed (FP) was the highest price, such high cost is due to high price of binder (i.e. CMC). Overall. Overall, the study emphasised that fish pellet feed (FP) was potential feed type to substitute conventional feed i.e. fresh fish for pre released juvenile Olive sea turtle at cage nursery.

Comparison between Flexor Carpi Radialis and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Transfer for Fingers’ Extension in High Radial Nerve Palsy

The hand grip is severely impaired following high radial nerve palsy due to loss of extension of the wrist, metacarpo- phalangeal joint of fingers and thumb. If radial nerve does not show neural recovery following conservative or surgical repair during the optimum time, tendon transfer is considered the standard treatment. To evaluate and compare the clinical outcome between flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpiulnaris tendon transfer for fingers’ extension in high radial nerve palsy. This randomized controlled trial study was carried out in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka over a period of two years from January 2013 to December 2014. A total of 30 patients with high radial nerve palsy were recruited, 15 patients were gone through Flexor Carpi Radialis tendon transfer procedure (FCR group) and the rest 15 patients were gone through Flexor Carpi Ulnaris tendon transfer procedure(FCU group). The patients were followed up for 12 weeks after surgical intervention. Out of all patients, 86.7% male were encountered in each group. The mean age was found 31.07±9.14 years in FCR group and 33.60±10.79 years in FCU group. Humerus fracture was remained a major cause of radial nerve palsy in both FCR and FCU groups (26.7% vs. 33.3%). In final follow-up at 12th week, no extension deficit was observed at MCP joint (93.3% vs. 80.0%, p&gt;0.05).The end result of surgical intervention was found satisfactory equally in both the groups (86.7%). In case of high radial nerve palsy, both FCR and FCU tendon transfer procedures are effective forfingers’ extension at MCP joint.&#x0D; Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 9-15

Aeration strategy in the intensive culture of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in the tropics

As the demand for fish increases and limitations are placed on water use, intensification in closed aquaculture systems could help to increase its sustainable production. The Amazon region stands out for its stable warm climate with fast-growing and resilient fish. This study evaluated the efficacy of two aeration regimes on intensive rearing of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in six 46.4-m3 concrete-wall earthen bottom ponds, with no water exchange. Two aeration regimes were tested: (1) emergency aeration (EA), in which the aeration system was activated with dissolved oxygen (DO) levels below 3 mg L−1; (2) supplemental aeration (SA), with 8 h of aeration every night, and also during days with low solar radiation. Water quality, fish performance and health (haematological and parasitological indicators), aeration use and cost were assessed. Juveniles (44.39 ± 9.72 g, mean weight ± SD) were stocked in six concrete-wall ponds with earthen bottoms at 32,300 ha −1 and fed commercial feed (36–32% crude protein) for 17 weeks (122 days). Mean values of the water quality parameters showed no difference between treatments, but occurrences of hypoxia were significantly higher in SA (31 hypoxias with DO <2 mg L−1 and 11 extreme hypoxias with DO <0.5 mg L−1) than in EA (5 and 0.6 occurrences, respectively). Significantly more erythrocytes were observed in the fish in SA than in EA, which indicates a response to a low DO concentration. The parasitological analyses revealed 100% prevalence of Monogenoidea (Dactylogyridae) in animal gills, with higher abundance in the SA fish. All treatments showed high fish survival rate (99.6 ± 0.8% for EA; 99.3 ± 1.2% for SA) and low FCR (1.22 ± 0.1 for EA; 1.32 ± 0.1 for SA), but weight gain, specific growth rate and yield were higher (p < .05) and water use and energy cost was lower (p < .05) for EA. In conclusion, the aeration strategy influenced hypoxia frequency and aeration cost, resulting in superior fish performance and health conditions and lower energy cost in EA, which suggests this strategy to be more beneficial for tambaqui production than SA.

Characteristics of effluents from trout farms and their impact on water quality and benthic algal assemblages of the receiving stream

In this study, characteristics of effluents from three flow-through rainbow trout farms in Turkey and their impact on water quality and epilithic algal communities of the receiving stream were investigated. Water samples were taken monthly from both inlets and outlets of three fish farms, while both water and epilithic algae samples were collected from two stations (upstream and downstream) in the stream. A significant increase from inlets to outlets was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS), NH4–N and total phosphorus (TP) (p < 0.05) due to no effluent treatment processes and high FCR at the fish farms. The daily average total nitrogen (TN) and TP fluxes of the fish farms predicted with the nutritional method were found close to those measured with the hydrological method. Although there were significant increases in COD, TSS, NH4–N, TN, NO3–N, NO2–N, TP and SRP concentrations at the downstream station compared to the upstream station of the receiving stream (p < 0.05), water quality of the downstream station remained in Class I in terms of examined parameters. Trophic Diatomic Index and Biological Diatom Index values indicated that the upstream station had a better water quality than the downstream station. Also, filamentous algae such as Cladophora glomerata, Ulothrix zonata and Stigeoclonium lubricum were observed at the downstream station. In view of the above findings, several suggestions were put forward to protect the water quality of the receiving stream.

Meta-analysis of the correlation between dietary copper supply and broiler performance.

ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis assessing the correlation between dietary copper supply and broiler performanceMethodsStudies that were published prior to January 2019 and reported the dietary copper supply and broiler growth performance were identified using search functions in the Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Taylor & Francis Online databases; the Journal of Dairy Research; and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We performed stratified analyses on the possible sources of bias, including differences in the study locations and years of publication. The publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test method.ResultsA total of 12 randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were eligible for inclusion. The pooled WMDs of the ADG, ADFI and FCR were -0.166 (95% CI: -1.587 to 1.254), -0.844 (95% CI: -1.536 to -0.152) and -0.029 (95% CI: -0.057 to 0.000), respectively. In the Israeli and Indian studies, the ADG and ADFI data in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group; however, in America, a relatively high FCR value was found in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. The analysis of the study period showed that for the 1980s and 2010s, the ADG and ADFI of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, while, in the 1990s and 2010s, the FCR of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group. The observed values were adjusted for study effects, and a model was used to obtain the copper supplementation under the optimal production performance. The results showed that the adjusted average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to gain ratio (FCR) presented a quadratic relationship with Cu supplementation (P<0.05). The maximum value of ADG (31.84 g/d) is reached when Cu is added at amount of 158 mg/kg, and the minimum value of FCR (1.53) is reached when Cu is added at amount of 217 mg/kg. No significant publication bias existed in the studies (Egger's test: P value were 0.81, 0.71 and 0.14).ConclusionFrom this study, it can be concluded that the traditional copper addition is no longer suitable for modern broiler breeding; the higher copper content may be beneficial for the production performance of broilers.

Live cell imaging of lytic granule motility in anti-ErbB2 CAR NK cells and FcR NK cells plus Herceptin towards ErbB2+ breast cancer cells

Background & Aim Upon encountering a susceptible target, NK cells mediate directed cytotoxicity by exocytosis of lytic effector molecules such as perforin and granzymes. The steps leading to NK cell granule exocytosis are highly regulated. Granule exocytosis is preceded by convergence of granules to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and subsequent polarization of the MTOC and granules to the immunological synapse (IS). In case of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), it has been shown that signaling through the Fc receptor is critical to polarize MTOC and granules to the IS with otherwise resistant targets. Methods, Results & Conclusion Here we used spinning disk confocal microscopy for live cell imaging to analyze granule-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity in ErbB2-targeted CAR expressing NK-92 cells (NK-92/5.28.z) and research-grade high affinity FcR expressing NK-92 cells plus Herceptin™ towards ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-453), which are resistant to parental NK-92. Interestingly, unmodified NK-92 cells in combination with MDA-MB-453 cells showed granule convergence to the MTOC, but failed to polarize MTOC and granules to the IS. In contrast, retargeting by either CAR or mAb/FcR towards the ErbB2 antigen on MDA-MB-453 enabled granule polarization to the IS resulting in highly effective cytotoxicity. Granule polarization was rapid in both the CAR and high affinity FcR expressing NK-92 cells after cell-cell contact was initiated. These observations suggest that retargeting of NK-92 cells by either transgenic CAR or high affinity FcR expression in combination with tumor-specific antibodies confers tumor cell lysis by enabling the otherwise impaired MTOC and granule polarization to the IS which resembles the physiological exocytosis cascade observed in naturally occurring ADCC.

Study on Giant Intestinal Cystic Disease of Common carp Caused by Thelohanellus kitauei in Northern Vietnam

Haiduong province is far from Hanoi center for 40 km in east, a large area for freshwater production in Northern Vietnam, Common carp is major cultural species. However, disease is a serious problem for fish farmers. Major disease is giant intestinal cystic caused by Myxobolus sp with low growth rate, high FCR, and high mortality. This paper provides information based on the survey from 212 fish farms in four districts, following with diseased fish were sampled for diagnosis. The results showed that major fish culture system in Haiduong is polyculture (99.61%) with ratio of Common carp was from 15.63-32.10% of total fish stocking. There are 31.91% of diseased fish ponds. Non disinfected ponds could be infected with 4.28 times higher compared to that of disinfected ponds. Infected fish often black colour, swollen abdomen and intestine contains liquid and white cystics (92 cystics) with size of cystic is up to 5.3x3.7 cm. Myxobolus sp. was identified as Thelohanellus kitauei.

Abstract LB-C07: Preclinical evaluation of MCLA-129: A bispecific antibody targeting c-MET and EGFR

Abstract NSCLC is the most common form of cancer. Approximately 20% of NSCLC patients have mutations in the growth factor (GF) receptor EGFR. These patients respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target mutant EGFR; however relapse eventually occurs. c-MET is one of the most common GF pathways upregulated in resistant patients. Met amplification is found in 5-10% of tumors that acquire resistance to EGFR TKIs in the first line of treatment and this frequency becomes higher in later lines of treatment. Preclinical studies have shown that co-inhibition of c-MET and EGFR inhibits growth and survival in these resistant tumors. We describe here an unbiased functional screen of bispecific antibodies (bAbs) targeting EGFR and c-MET to select MCLA-129 and its evaluation in an in vivo xenograft NSCLC model. Large collections of common light chain Fab binding ‘arms’ against EGFR and c-MET were derived from immunized MeMo® mice and used in different combinations (based on epitope and sequence diversity) to generate IgG1 Biclonics® bAbs. The panel of &amp;gt; 400 bAbs was screened for proliferation inhibition of the N87 cell line stimulated with EGF and/or HGF. Five bAbs inhibited N87 growth comparable to the combination of cetuximab and a MetMab analog (C+M). Two of the most potent Biclonics® bAbs were selected for further characterization and screened for inhibitory activity in NSCLC cell lines PC-9 and HCC827 that harbour an EGFR exon 19 deletion. The addition of HGF reversed the inhibitory effect of the EGFR TKI erlotinib and gefitinib in both cell lines. Combination of bAbs or C+M with erlotinib or gefinitinib resulted in inhibition of growth and downstream phosphorylation similar to erlotinib treatment without GF addition in both HGF alone or HGF + EGF culture conditions. The best bAb was as potent (PC-9) or more potent (HCC827) than C+M. The lead bAb, MCLA-129 was ADCC enhanced and shown to effectively mediate ADCC against NSCLC cell lines with both high and low affinity FcR bearing effector cells. MCLA-129 was then tested in an genetically engineered immunodeficient xenograft mouse model where endogenous mouse HGF promoter drives the expression of human HGF bypassing the problem of the low affinity binding of mouse HGF for human c-MET. Mice engrafted with HCC827 cells and treated with MCLA-129 (25 mg/kg) displayed significant tumor regression (below baseline) and a much slower tumor regrowth rate upon drug cessation and this activity was enhanced when combined with erlotinib (6mg/kg). This potent therapeutic activity was achieved without the contribution of ADCC and was not observed in mice that received only erlotinib, a bivalent c-MET antagonizing antibody or their combination. To model acquired resistance to EGFR TKI treatment, animals were treated with erlotinib until tumors were &amp;gt;500mm3, MCLA-129 was added to erlotinib in one randomized group. In this group, immediate tumor inhibition was observed, which persisted over the treatment period. In summary, MCLA-129 was synergistic with EGFR targeting TKI’s to reverse c-MET mediated resistance in NSCLC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. The activity of MCLA-129 was superior to relevant comparator biologics that were combined to inhibit EGFR and c-MET signaling in the absence of functional immunity. These preclinical data suggest MCLA-129 could benefit NSCLC patients that become resistant to EGFR targeted therapies and warrants clinical evaluation. Citation Format: Cecile Geuijen, Mario di Matteo, Tristan Gallenne, Sarah Trusso Cafarello, Roy Nijhuis, Therese Visser, Willem Bartelink, Carina Bartelink-Clements, Berina Eppink, Rinse Klooster, John dekruif, Massimiliano Mazzone, Mark Throsby. Preclinical evaluation of MCLA-129: A bispecific antibody targeting c-MET and EGFR [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-C07. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-LB-C07

1617PD - Worse patient- physician relationship is associated with more fear of cancer recurrence (Deimos Study): A study of the palliative care working committee of the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG)

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is an important psychological trauma that has been associated with reduction in the quality of life, disruptions in the level of adjustment, emotional distress and anxiety. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of patient–physician relationship on FCR. MethodsThe study was designed as a multicenter survey study. The cancer survivors who were under remission, were evaluated with structured questionnaires. Patient–physician relationship (PPR) scale in which higher scores indicate better relationship and FCR inventory were used. ResultsBetween January-April 2019, 1580 patients were evaluated. The median age was 57.0(19-88) and 66% were female. There was high level of FCR scores in 51% of participants. There was a negative correlation between PPR and FCR scores (r= -0.134, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis; young age (OR=1.46CI(95%) 1.1-1.8, p=0.002), female gender (OR=1.93CI(95%) 1.5-2.4, p<0.001), history of non-routine imaging (OR=1.8CI(95%) 1.4-2.4, p<0.001) and worse PPR (OR=1.31CI(95%) 1.07-1.6, p=0.009) were associated with high levels of FCR. ConclusionsIt is the first data showing the adverse impact of worse PPR on FCR. The strategies to improve the PPR should be practiced. In addition, the cancer survivors who are under the risk of FCR, should be evaluated and managed. Legal entity responsible for the studyAli Alkan. FundingHas not received any funding. DisclosureAll authors have declared no conflicts of interest.Table: 1617PDThe multivariate analysis of factors associated with high FCR scoresTable: 1617PDHigh FCR scoresORCI(95%)pYoung age(<65)1.461.1-1.80.002Female gender1.931.5-2.4<0.001History of non-routine imaging1.891.4-2.4<0.001Worse PPS1.311.07-1.60.009