High Fastness Research Articles

Eco-friendly and low-cost phytodyeing for wool, cotton and polyester textile materials using Parthenocissus Quinquefolia L. Fruit Extracts

This study investigates the extraction of natural colorant from fresh fruits of Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. and the application of the extracted dye to wool yarn, cotton, and polyester fabrics in the presence and absence of various mordants. The effect of mordant type on the dyeing quality with different mordanting methods was examined. Iron sulfate, tin chloride, alum, copper sulfate, and potassium dichromate were used as mordant. The effects of these mordants on the color of the dyed samples were investigated in terms of CIELab (L*, a*, b*) and K/S values. The light, washing and rubbing fastness of the dyed samples were evaluated according to ISO standards. While dyeing wool yarn without mordant produces reddish brown, and dyeing with mordant produces a wide range of colors from green to purple, blue and lilac tones are obtained in cotton fabric dyeing, and green, purple and brown tones are obtained in polyester fabric dyeing. While polyester fabrics are dyed with synthetic dyes at 130 oC, in this study they were dyed with natural dyes at 90 oC. As a result of dyeing, colors with high fastness are generally obtained.

Dyeing of Mixed Cotton and Polyester Fabrics with New Dyes—Complexes of Collagen with Transition Metal Ions

Uniform, stable, one-step dyeing of textile fabrics made from a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers using traditional methods remains problematic to this day. As an alternative to traditional methods, a one-step method for dyeing mixed cotton and polyester fabrics with a new natural dye—a complex of collagen and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions—was proposed for the first time. Dyeing of pre-prepared cotton, polyester, and cotton–polyester fabrics is carried out by dipping in an aqueous dye solution, squeezing, drying, and heat setting. The influence of the mass ratio of dye components, fixation temperature, and pH of the solution on the degree of dye fixation was determined. A degree of sorption of dyes (14–25%) from the solution onto the surface of fabrics was established, which after heat fixation decreases slightly (1–3%). During washing processes, the copper complex is almost completely washed out from polyester and blended fabrics and remains in small quantities (2.4–3.8%) on the surface of cotton fabrics. After water washing, the degree of fixation of the collagen–chrome complex in fabrics is as follows: in cotton—8–10%, in polyester—10–12%, and in cotton–polyester—8–9%. The color coordinates of cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics hardly change before and after washing, but for polyester fabric, the changes are significant. The mechanism of interaction of the complex dye with the fibers was studied using the Fourier transform infrared method, and the morphology and distribution of the dye on the surface of the samples using the SEM-EDS method. The dye binds to cellulose through ionic and coordination bonds, and to polyester through joint melting. Therefore, unlike pure polyester fabric, cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics demonstrated high color fastness to washing and light fastness. The use of production waste, the exclusion of synthetic dyes and harmful chemicals, and single-stage dyeing of the material reduce the environmental burden.

Preparation of high color fastness structural colored cotton fabric via SiO2@PDA photonic crystal

Structural color is an important way to achieve the ecological coloring of textiles. SiO2 microspheres with sizes in the range of 200–337 nm were synthesized by the Stober method and then covered with highly light-absorbing melanin PDA to form SiO2@PDA photonic crystals. The SiO2@PDA photonic crystals were assembled onto the surface of white cotton fabrics by gravity deposition to achieve structural color. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) enhances interfacial bonding by forming multiple hydrogen bonds between its lactam group and the phenolic hydroxyl group of PDA, resulting in a structured color cotton fabric with high color fastness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the structure and morphology of SiO2@PDA microspheres. The chemical compositions of PDA and PVP were surveyed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface structural color of cotton fabrics was investigated by UV–Vis reflectance spectroscopy.

Dyeing of Cotton and Wool Fibers with the Aqueous Extract of Alnus glutinosa: Evaluation of Their Ultraviolet Protection Factor, Their Color fastness and the Antioxidant Activity of the Aqueous Extract

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dyeing properties and behavior of the aqueous extract of Alnus glutinosa leaves when applied on cotton and wool fibers. The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of the aqueous extract were calculated. The colorfastness of the dyed samples such as washing, acid and alkali perspiration, wet and dry fastness and light fastness was performed. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) which is a measurement of the protection offered by the dyed fabric substrates against ultraviolet radiation was also assessed. It was found that Alnus glutinosa aqueous extract shows exceptionally high antioxidant activity and high phenolic content. The dyed samples showed astonishingly high light fastness approaching the light fastness of synthetic dyes such as the vat dyes or metal complex dyes. The conferred protection of the dyed samples against the distractive ultraviolet radiation is exceptionally high as this is demonstrated by the high UPF measurements of the dyed samples.

Divinyl polysiloxane modified polyacrylate for promoting the directional migration of disperse dyes in digital jet dyeing of polyester fabric without washing

Future developments in the printing and dyeing industry will involve greenisation and personalisation. Less/no water digital technology has drawn much attention over traditional printing and dyeing for reducing carbon and emissions. Based on the solubility parameter difference between disperse dyes and monomers, divinyl polysiloxane modified polyacrylate (PSMA) with the directional migration effect for disperse dyes was prepared herein via mini-emulsion polymerisation. PSMA was used as wash-free polymer additive in the digital jet dyeing of polyester fabrics with disperse dyes, which yielded wash-free dyed fabrics with high color yield and color fastness. The results showed that PSMA achieved the optimum overall performance at a molar ratio of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane 44:1 and divinyl polysiloxane dosage of 4 wt%. PSMA had the best tensile properties, good flexibility, certain hydrophobicity and high directional migration of disperse dyes. When the PSMA dosage was 9 wt% in the wash-free ink, the front and back color yield of the wash-free dyed fabric were 18.23 and 13.56, respectively. Compared with the fabric dyed with pure liquid disperse red, the front color yield of the wash-free dyed fabric increased by about 35.2 % and the back color yield had a little change. Its color fastness to dry/wet rubbing were improved from grade 3 to 4 and from grade 2–3 to 3, respectively. The handle of the wash-free dyed fabric basically maintained the level of original fabric.

Scalable, Green, Flexible Photochromic Bacterial Cellulose for Multicolor Switching, Photo-patterning, and Daily Sunlight UV Monitoring.

Sustainable, durable, and diverse photochromic smart textiles based on bacterial cellulose (BC) have emerged as attractive candidates in UV-sensing applications due to the green and easy functionalization of BC. However, existing BC-based photochromic textiles lack photochromic efficiency and combining fastness. In this study, a green strategy for in situ fermentation is developed to achieve the directional distribution of functional particles and remarkable photochromism in photochromic bacterial cellulose (PBC). The unique functional design obtained by regulating the photochromic dye distribution in 3D nanonetworks of PBCs during in situ growth affords a more uniform distribution and high fastness. Benefiting from the uniform distribution of photochromic dyes and adequate utilization of the 3D network structure, more surface area is provided to receive and utilize the photon energy from the UV rays, making the photochromic process more effective. The as-prepared PBCs exhibited rapid (within 1min) and stable (30 cycles) discoloration and multicolor selectivity. Their simple preparation process and exceptional wearability, e.g., their flexibility, lightweight, and air permeability, make them suitable for various applications, including tunable color switching systems, photopatterning, and daily sunlight UV monitoring. This study provides empirical value for the biofabrication of photochromic textiles and wearable flexible UV sensors.

Multifunctional Analysis of Banana Leaves Extracts for Dyeing Properties of Pima Cotton Fabric Using Different Mordants

Introduction Natural dyes have become very important for decades based on their extensive properties compared to synthetic dyes. Pima cotton was dyed with natural dyes derived from plants using mordants, a crucial step in modern industry. Objective This study explores the efficacy of banana leaf-extracted natural dyes with mordants in dyeing Pima cotton, examining color properties, chemical attributes, and fastness while exploring the potential for industrial applications. Methods In this study, banana leaf extracts were utilized for dyeing Pima cotton with mordants. The investigation assessed the multifunctional properties of alkaline and acetone using UV-Vis and FTIR or analyzed the dyed fabric's UPF. Applied to pre-mordanted Pima cotton, our dye interacts with various mordants like ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4), and potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). Factors influencing dye fixation on Pima cotton, including cellulose and mordants, were examined. Treated and untreated fabric samples were tested for tensile strength and elongation. Dyeing performance was assessed using color parameters (K/S, L*, a*, b*, ΔE) using the Kubelka–Munk equation and fastness properties, with consistent results compared to standard protocols. Results The study on natural dye extraction from banana leaves has yielded promising outcomes, showcasing the effectiveness of mordants in dye fixation on cotton. The results demonstrate high tensile strength, color strength, and fastness properties in the dyed Pima cotton samples. Statistical analysis highlighted the nuanced relationship between mordants and dyes. The study's comprehensive approach, UV-Vis and FTIR analyses, dyeing temperature optimization, and phytochemical screening, confirming the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and other bioactive compounds, positions banana leaf extracts as a sustainable and versatile resource for eco-friendly textile practices, offering a compelling alternative to synthetic dyes. Conclusion The study reveals Pima cotton's promising potential for eco-friendly dyeing, optimizing cost, time, and space for future sustainable textile applications.

Textile printing: An integrated view of processes, properties, and future prospects

AbstractTextile printing processes consist of the localised application of colour on textile substrates to obtain well‐defined designs and patterns. Currently, there are many textile printing techniques; however, the limitations and selectivity of these techniques still keep the printing method of rotary screen printing the most important and used among them. One of the advantages of rotary printing is its excellent application versatility, which can be used for any fabric and non‐wovens, fibre, or mixtures, with high production speed, quality, colour fastness, and definition. However, due to its high complexity, rotary printing requires great technical knowledge. Rotary printing requires specific application care depending on the fabric structure, fibrous composition, grammage, and type of intended effect. Regardless of the technique used, printed articles need to ensure that the colour remains attached to the substrate, either by direct dye–fibre or indirect pigment–binder–fibre bonding, to resist the conditions of use, that is, light, abrasion, stretching, and washing. The rise in recent publications reflects the search for economic and sustainable textile printing alternatives, focusing on screen printing variables. Based on this, this review aimed to present a comprehensive guide containing all the care and essential technical information for processes based on rotary printing.

Chameleon-inspired structural coloration of textiles with non-close-packed photonic crystals for high color saturation and color fastness

Photonic crystals (PCs) as eco-friendly structural coloring materials have great application potential in the textile coloration. However, the difficulties in scale production of structurally colored fabrics with PCs, as well as in achieving the balance between the structural stability and optical properties of PCs, limit the widespread use of such textiles. Herein, inspired by chameleon skin, the structural coloration of textiles with non-close-packed PCs was designed and prepared. The soft-shell and hard-core PS@P(MMA-BA) nanospheres were designed and prepared via stepwise emulsion polymerization for constructing soft non-close-packed PCs. The liquid photonic crystals (LPCs) were controllably prepared using a rotary evaporation/surfactant method. Therewith, the designed step by step self-assembly method enabled one to realize the controllable assembly of the nanospheres on the fabric surface, whereby the non-close-packed PCs with the cross-linked hard core as the skeleton and the fused soft shell as the filling medium were obtained. On the basis of step by step self-assembly, large-scale structurally colored fabric with non-close-packed PCs was prepared by continuous pilot equipment. The prepared structurally colored textiles possess high structural stability and color saturation, as well as the mechanochromic properties, and has the potential as a smart textile.

Progress in Stability Adjustment of Photonic Crystal Coatings on Fabrics or Fiber: A Review

Photonic crystals with bright colors have shown great potential application in bio-sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and smart wear. Different methods are used to construct photonic crystals on fabrics using different raw materials. However, building photonic crystals on fibers or fabrics with vibrant colors and good stability is still challenging. Various strategies have been used to increase the stability (e.g. wash, bend, friction stability, and so on) of the photonic crystal coatings on the fabrics or fibers. Therefore, this paper reviews great efforts to construct photonic crystal-coated materials, the methods to increase the stability of photonic crystal coatings on the fabrics, and their possible applications. The summarization of this review may lay the foundation for the construction of photonic crystals on fabrics with high color fastness and application in fabric coloring.

Gelatin/polychromatic materials microgels enhanced by carnosic acid inclusions and its application in 2D pattern printing and multi-nozzle food 3D printing

Natural polychromatic biomaterials (like carminic acid and gardenia yellow) possess coloring merits and functionality, but are instable under light and heat. Self-assembly of gelatin and polychromatic materials could be induced by carnosic acid inclusions, illustrating great potential in food application. Antioxidant properties, pigment retention rates, UV irradiation stability, rheological properties, and physical resistances (oil, ethanol, heat and microwave) of samples were improved by carnosic acid inclusions, owing to the newly formed hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions (UV spectrum, particle size, zeta potential, FTIR, XPS and SEM). The improved properties contributed to the 2D printed pattern stability and the applicability for producing specialized products with high printability and fastness. On the basis of Subtractive Color-Mixing Principle, further three-dimensional dyeing microgel systems were built and modulated; it could functionalize bean paste/carboxymethyl-cellulose food systems, maintain the excellent self-supporting ability & mechanical strength, and promote single/dual-nozzle 3D printing application. Therefore, the self-assembled gelatin/polychromatic materials/carnosic acid microgel samples could not only achieve outstanding 2D printed pattern stability, and could be also promisingly applied in single/dual-nozzle 3D printing for modern innovative, creative food fields.

Effect of tannic/gallic acid-iron dyeing treatment on surface color and light fastness of bamboo veneer

Currently, the quest for bamboo materials with high color fastness, rich colors and environmental friendliness is rapidly rising due to its potential applications in construction, furniture and decoration. However, finding an easy-to-operate and environmentally friendly dye for bamboo is a necessary task because of the difficulty in treating the dyeing waste liquid of acid dyes and the complexity of the production process of reactive dyes.Five formulations involving metal polyphenol complexes were employed to straightforwardly produce eco-friendly dyed bamboo and the impact of various formulations on the light aging resistance of the dyed veneers was examined. The results indicated that the light resistance of bamboo veneer dyed with the solution containing only FeSO4·7H2O and tannic acid reached level 4, surpassing the undyed bamboo veneer by three levels. The mechanism of enhanced lightfastness of dyed bamboo veneer was elucidated by XPS analysis. The polyphenol iron complex serves a dual purpose: it absorbs ultraviolet rays and scavenges free radicals within the system. Additionally, it reduced the oxidation of phenolics in the substrate, transforming them into dark-colored quinone structures. This process enhanced the light-aging resistance of the finishing materials. Therefore, this work provides a simple and environmentally friendly method for changing the color of bamboo and provides a new idea for the selection of dyes for bamboo dyeing in actual production.

Low temperature reactive dyeing of silk: An investigation into dyeing conditions, and strength loss and friction damage of fabric

The low temperature dyeing of textiles has obvious energy-saving effect. Silk fabric suffers from friction damage in the rope dyeing process, and additionally silk is complained about unsatisfactory color fastness. To address the aforementioned issues, the reactive dyeing of silk fabric at low temperatures was studied in terms of dyeing conditions, dye selection, alkali resistance of silk, and strength loss and friction damageoffabric. Reactive dyes exhibited higher fixation to silk in alkaline bath than acidic and neutral baths. The breaking strength and whiteness of silk fabric was less affected by sodium bicarbonate, but greatly affected by sodium carbonate. Silk fabric treated with sodium carbonate at 50–60 ℃ had acceptable loss of breaking strength (<10 %). Silk fabric dyed at 60–80 ℃ using sodium bicarbonate exhibited higher color depth than that dyed at 50–60 ℃ using sodium carbonate. The high temperature dyeing in alkaline bath caused the friction damage and fuzz appearance of silk fabric, which did not occur in low temperature and alkaline conditions. The reactive dyes selected from commercial products could be applied at 50 ℃ and met requirements for high fixation, high color fastness and a variety of colors.

Bioactive and Multifunctional Wool Textiles Finishing with Diospyros mollis Griff. Extract

Due to the sudden pandemic outbreak, there is a substantial demand for antimicrobial textiles for health and hygiene. Natural dyeing with plant sources has been proven to be an excellent eco-friendly method for producing healthcare textiles. In this study, Diospyros mollis Griff. extract was applied to the simultaneous dyeing and multi-functionalization (antibacterial activity and UV-protection) of wool fabrics. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the treatment procedure and assess parameter interactions. The optimal result was achieved when dyeing at pH 4, dye concentration 25 g/L, temperature 88°C, and time 95 min. The dyed fabrics had good antibacterial activity against both E.coli and S.aureus (bacterial colony reduction &gt; 90%), with E.coli being more pronounced. The UV protection factor (UPF) also reached the maximum (40+) level, demonstrating their superior UV protection. The finished wools are black, with high color strength (K/S &gt; 9), good light and washing fastness, and fair to good crocking fastness. Thus, Diospyros mollis Griff. fruit extract can be used as a new bioactive agent for multifunctional textiles, as well as simultaneous black coloring.

Synthesis, recovery, and application of environmentally friendly disperse dyes with high light fastness

Dye wastewater has attracted great attention due to high pollution and toxicity which can cause harm to the living environment. It is common for azo-disperse dyes to be used to dye hydrophobic fibers. A reduction clearing method is used to eliminate the dye particles on the fabric after dyeing. However, when azo disperse dyes on the fiber surface are eliminated by the reduction clearing process, this can give rise to an effluent discharge due to the presence of sodium hydrosulfite. The introduction of carboxylic ester groups into dye molecules can effectively avoid this issue. Six novel environmentally friendly alkali-clearable disperse dyes, containing cyano and carboxylic ester groups, were readily synthesized by a diazo coupling reaction with various diazo components. Their dyeing properties on polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were respectively measured and compared with those of commercial reference dyes. It was indicated that some fastness properties of the synthesized dyes on polyethylene terephthalate fabrics after the alkali clearing were improved compared with those of the reference dyes due to the existence of the carboxylic ester group. Moreover, the chromaticity of dye wastewater can be further reduced by recovering hydrolyzed dyes.

Photostability of Mannich‐type dyed silk fibroin with pyrazolone‐containing aromatic primary amine dyes

AbstractMannich‐type dyeing of silk fibroin with aromatic primary amine dyes (APADs) is a novel reactive dyeing method that requires mild conditions and exhibits high selectivity and good wet fastness. However, the primary amine group in the APADs significantly decreases the photostability of Mannich‐type dyed silk fabrics. To reveal the structure–activity relationship and photofading mechanism of the APADs by Mannich‐type dyeing, six pyrazolone‐containing APADs with similar structures were designed and synthesised. Variation in amino electron density among the dye analogues was related to differences in colour fixation of the Mannich‐dyed fabrics, as determined from the calculated Mulliken charge densities. Using mass spectrometry to monitor the photodecomposition of the dyed silk, it is demonstrated that the Mannich‐type dyed silk fabrics undergo photooxidative fading, in contrast to the conventional acidic‐type dyed fabrics that undergo photoreductive fading. Furthermore, it is shown that the Mannich‐type dyed silk fabric has a higher light fastness than conventional acidic‐type dyed fabrics using the same pyrazolone‐containing APADs. Evaluation of dye dipole moment and Mannich‐type dyeing shows that the APADs with increased dipole moments generally demonstrated increased light fastness.

Initial research results on the possibility of using metacarbonate formations in Tan Lap - Cho Don - Bac Kan province as decorative stone

Based on the study of the characteristics of materials, structure, textures and physical properties of metacarbonate rocks at Tan Lap area, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, it is possible to provide the initial possibility of using these rocks as decoration stones. Methods applied in the study include field investigations and sampling; sample analysis for thin-section microscopes, for the chemistry of sicilate and physical properties. The results indicate that metacarbonate rocks consist mainly of marbles which are allocated within the 3rd unit of the upper part of Mia Le formation (D1ml2). The rocks are thick layered structure, granoblastic texture, fine- to medium-grained marbles. Cao is the predominate chemical composition while heavy metals and radioactive elements are of very low contents. The rocks are pure white, exhibiting high color fastness and gloss. The outcomes of this study could serve as a scientific basis for guiding in exploration, exploitation, and utilization of mineral resources (marble) in the Tan Lap area particularly as well as in Vietnam's territory.

Excellent fixation and color fastness of nylon fibers dyed with low-water-soluble reactive dyes based on the reactivity and stability of vinyl sulfone

Reactive dyes in nylon dyeing have been associated with utilization inefficiencies despite their high color fastness. A potential solution to this issue involves combining the benefits of reactive dyes and milling acid dyes to obtain low-water-soluble reactive dyes (LWSRDs), which can stain and fix to nylon fibers under neutral conditions. To identify a suitable functional group for LWSRDs, six model dyes comprising one vinyl sulfone and five monochloro- s-triazines were prepared and reacted with glycine or hydrolyzed to simulate the fixation progress on nylon fibers. The results show that vinyl sulfone exhibited sufficient reactivity with glycine, and ∼3% hydrolysis over 90 min. Consequently, vinyl sulfone was considered a superior functional group for LWSRDs. Based on these results, four LWSRDs with monofunctional groups were synthesized and used for dyeing nylon 6 microfibers. Notably, these dyes exhibited fixation of &gt;91% and demonstrated exceptional color fastness against washing and rubbing, exceeding grade 4. These results underscore the potential of LWSRDs as highly efficient and effective dyes for nylon, offering a solution to the limitations associated with conventional dyeing techniques.

Study on the Dyeing Properties of a Novel Reactive Dye with One Vinylsulfone Reactive Group, on Cotton Substrates, Before and After Its Ultrafiltration Treatment

Reactive dyes are widely used in the textile industry due to their versatility of shades, high wash fastness properties, and the ease of application. Dyeing properties such as exhaustion, substantivity, fixation, time to half dyeing, migration index and effect of metal salts were studied for a novel reactive dye (named RRNa) synthesized with one vinylsulfone as reactive group. The aim of this study is to figure out the influence of the ultrafiltration process this dye went through on its aforementioned properties. It was found that the ultrafiltrated reactive dye shows higher exhaustion, substantivity, dye uptake than the original dye, which is attributed to the purification performed by the ultrafiltration process. The migration index is slightly lower for the ultrafiltrated dye which indicates that its mobility is lower, due to the possible formation of more covalent bonds between the dye and the substrate. The effect of metals (Fe, Co, Cu) was also studied and the color strength of the dyeings in the presence of sulfate salts was compared with the control sample. It was found that Co2+ and Cu2+ have a detrimental effect on the shade obtained, whereas Fe3+ reduces color strength to a lower extent.

Process optimization of anionic dye (Melioderm HF Brown G) removal from aqueous solution utilizing adsorbent prepared from Labeo rohita fishbone

Abstract In this study, the prepared bio-adsorbents from Labeo rohita fishbones were used to remove the anionic acid dye Melioderm HF (High Fastness) Brown G (MHFB) from the aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the morphology and chemical composition of fishbone powder (FBP) before and after MHFB dye adsorption. In a batch experiment, factors such as initial dye concentration (100–250 mg/mL), contact time (5–180 min), pH of the solution (2.0–8.0), and the adsorbent dosage (1.0–3.5 g/L) were analyzed for their impact on the dye adsorption process. The batch experiments were studied to evaluate the influence of different operational variables such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration of dye and were found optimum at 2, 2 g/L, 120 min, and 200 ppm, respectively, for maximum dye removal (98.33%) at ambient temperature (298 K). The isotherm models demonstrated that dye molecules were adsorbed heterogeneously in multilayer following the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9300). The data were fitted for pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thus, L. rohita fishbone could be used as a bio-adsorbent to remove anionic dye from tannery effluents at a minimal cost.