Higher Energy Intake Research Articles

Associations of the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of Breast Cancer (BrCa): a case–control study

BackgroundBreast cancer (BrCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. There are several factors for getting BrCa, including some changeable factors related to lifestyle like unhealthy dietary patterns, so modifying them can prevent one third of the complications and deaths caused by BrCa. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relationship between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of BrCa.MethodsIn this hospital-based case–control study, 253 patients with BrCa and 267 non-BrCa controls were enrolled. Food consumption was recorded to calculate the HBI score using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Additionally, by using binary logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders, the relationship between HBI and the risk of BrCa were assessed. HBI was established by Duffey et al. and is used to evaluate the overall quality of beverage intake and identify changes in consumption.ResultsMean ± SD of age and BMI of the study participants were 47.92 ± 10.33 years and 29.43 ± 5.51 kg/m2, respectively. Patients with BrCa considerably outperformed controls in terms of waist circumference (WC), age at first pregnancy, history of abortion, and number of children(Pvalue < 0.05). Compared with those in the lowest quartile of HBI, subjects in the highest quartile had higher intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin C, E, B9, fruits, vegetables, fish and nut as well as lower BMI and WC (Pvalue < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in highest compared to lowest quartile of HBI had significantly lower risk of BrCa for total population (odds ratio (OR): 0.40; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.21–0.76, Pvalue < 0.05), premenopausal (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.16–0.92, Pvalue = 0.013), and postmenopausal (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10–0.78, Pvalue = 0.023).ConclusionFindings of this study suggested that higher HBI score decreased the risk of BrCa. However, further investigation is needed.

Relationship between emotional eating and nutritional intake in adult women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmotional eating (EE) is particularly prevalent in overweight or obese women, who may turn to food as a way to cope with stress, sadness, or anxiety. Limited research has been conducted on the association between EE and nutritional intake. Therefore, present study was designed to explore this association in adult women with overweight and obesity.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the relationship between EE and nutritional intake in 303 overweight and obese women (aged 18–50 years) was examined. The researchers used the validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess participants’ nutritional intake and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to evaluate their eating behavior. To determine the association between EE and nutritional intake, we employed the multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe frequency of high intensity EE was 64.4% among the study participants and the mean total score of EE subscale of DBEQ was 2.32 ± 0.81. The total score of EE was positively associated with the energy intake (β = 0.396, P = 0.007), even after adjusting for age and BMI. In addition, a significant inverse association was found between the score of EE and the daily intake of calcium (β= -0.219, P = 0.026), riboflavin (β= -0.166, P = 0.043), and vitamin B12 (β= -0.271, P = 0.035), independent from energy and age. Also the results showed a significant positive association between the score of EE and the frequency of daily intake of cracker, muffin, cake, cream cake, pastry, candy, ice cream, pickles, melon, hydrogenated vegetable oil, peanut, salted and roasted seeds, and corn-cheese puff snack.ConclusionThis study found that overweight or obese women with higher intensity of EE might have a higher intake of energy and a lower intake of dietary calcium, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Integrating a balanced diet with psychotherapy is suggested to help individuals with EE reducing the urge to eat in response to emotions.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) levels in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex are negatively associated with food motivation in a pediatric sample

Food motivation varies between individuals, affecting body weight and risk for eating disorders. Prior neuroimaging studies in youth and adults have revealed functional and structural alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex [ACC] in those with obesity and disordered eating but have not investigated their neurochemical underpinnings. In a sample of 37 children aged 4 to 13 years old, we used Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy [MRS] to assess levels of γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA] – the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain – quantified relative to creatine in a 27-ml voxel including the dorsal ACC. We used the CEBQ to assess trait food motivation. In analyses adjusting for age, lower GABA+/Cr levels in the dorsal ACC were associated with higher trait enjoyment of food. Higher enjoyment of food scores were in turn associated with higher energy intake during an ad libitum test meal and during a postprandial task assessing intake in the absence of hunger, and higher body weight. Our results indicate a role for GABA function in the dorsal ACC in determining individual variation in food motivation in children.

Assessment of dietary intake in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using the Ukrainian version of the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is prevalent worldwide. Studies demonstrate a possible association between diet and MASLD. However, data regarding patients in Ukraine are lacking. Objective — to study dietary habits and meeting recommended dietary intake in patients with MASLD. Materials and methods. Adults with MASLD aged 18 years and older (n=29) receiving care in outpatient settings who fully completed the adapted and validated Ukrainian version of the EPIC‑Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were included in the analysis. Liver steatosis was confirmed by ultrasound examination, and diagnosis of MASLD was based on the criteria defined by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. As a reference for recommended dietary intake, data from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020—2025 years were used. FETA software was used to calculate nutrient data from the FFQ. The one‑sample t‑test, t‑test, the one‑sample signed rank sum test, and Mann‑Whitney test were used to assess the differences between the sample and the reference data. The chi‑squared test was used to analyse categorical data. Results. The mean age of participants was 41.4±12 years, 69% of participants being female. The mean body mass index was 35.4±7.9 kg/m2. Participants consumed more protein, than recommended by current dietary recommendations. Women also tended to have higher energy intake and consume more fat, saturated fatty acids, and carbohydrates than recommended. The median fibre intake was 19.36 g (Q1; Q3 : 13.29; 26.45), which is lower than the recommended 14 g per 1000 kcal (p=0.0015). Dietary intake of most vitamins and micronutrients was met. However, women and men consumed less than 600 IU of vitamin D daily. Among all patients with MASLD, sodium intake (3829.5±1559.3 mg) was significantly higher than recommended (2300 mg, p&lt;0.0001). Approximately 62% of participants take dietary supplements, with vitamin D being the most popular choice. Conclusions. Our study showed that patients with MASLD in Ukraine tend to exceed recommended protein and sodium intake and, at the same time, have low fibre and Vitamin D consumption. High energy intake and saturated fatty acids consumption are also of concern.

The association between adult asthma in the United States and dietary total energy intake: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis from NHANES

BackgroundEpidemiological research links asthma progression to dietary nonallergic factors, particularly high-calorie intake. However, evidence supporting the relationship with total dietary calorie consumption remains scarce.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the potential correlation between asthma occurrence and total dietary energy intake.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study of 21,354 US adults collected comprehensive participant data, including demographics, blood parameters, fatty acids, zinc, fiber intake, and asthma outcomes. Statistical analyses included interaction effects analysis, smooth curve fitting, and logistic regression.ResultsOf 21,354 participants, 14.77% self-reported asthma diagnosis. After adjusting for confounders, odds ratios (OR) for asthma decreased with higher energy intake: Q2 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69–0.86, p < .001), Q3 (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.59–0.75, p < .001), and Q4 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.53–0.69, p < .001) compared to Q1 (< 17.73 kcal/kg/day). A non-linear (L-shaped) association between energy intake and asthma was observed (p < .001), with a critical threshold around 24 kcal/kg/day, supported by subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThis study reveals an L-shaped trend between total energy intake and asthma in US adults, with a significant threshold at approximately 24 kcal/kg/day.

Oral nutritional supplementation as an intervention in patients with hip fracture

Fragility hip fracture (FHR) is an increasingly prevalent pathology in industrialized countries, with high social and health costs. Malnutrition or the risk of malnutrition in the population with FHR is too common and negatively impacts the clinical course, the rehabilitation process, and the resulting quality of life after discharge. Technological advances applied to the diagnosis of the nutritional status of patients with FHR contribute to achieving an early intervention of malnutrition and reducing associated morbidity and mortality. Oral nutritional supplementation with a high energy and protein intake could be a safe and effective action to improve the prognosis of patients with FHR, but further research is required to confirm this.

Does brain size of Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) trade-off with other energetically expensive organs along altitudinal gradients?

Abstract Brain size variation is often attributed to energetic trade-offs with other metabolically expensive tissues and organs, which is a prediction of the expensive brain hypothesis (EBH). Here we examine Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) along altitudinal gradients, and test size trade-offs between brain and four visceral organs (heart, liver, alimentary tract, and kidney) with altitude. Body size and scaled mass index (SMI; a proxy for total energy intake) decline with altitude, implying stronger energetic constraints at high altitudes. Relative brain size decreases along altitudinal gradients while visceral organs mostly increase in relative sizes. Using structural equation modelling, a significant negative relationship between brain size and a latent variable ‘budget’, which represents the energy allocation to the four visceral organs, is detected among high-altitudinal toads. Heart appears to have the largest and most consistent response to changes of energy allocation. No such relationships are observed among toads at middle and low altitudes, where high energy intake may allow individuals to forego energetic trade-offs. When applying EBH to poikilotherms, a great emphasis should be placed on total energy intake in addition to energy allocation. Future research on EBH will benefit from more intra-specific comparisons and the evaluation of fitness consequences beyond energy limitation.

Prospective associations between an empirically derived dietary pattern and life satisfaction in Malaysian adolescents

BackgroundLittle is known on the prospective associations between an empirically derived dietary pattern (DP) and life satisfaction among adolescents. This PUTRA-Adol follow-up study aimed to assess the prospective associations between the empirically derived DP and life satisfaction during adolescence.MethodsA total of 585 and 262 adolescents participated in the baseline PUTRA-Adol study in 2016 and PUTRA-Adol follow-up study in 2019–2020, respectively. These adolescents were recruited from three southern states in peninsular Malaysia, namely Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. Dietary assessments were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) while a Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) was used to measure life satisfaction at baseline in 2016 as well as at follow-up in 2019–2020. A DP characterised by foods high in free sugar and energy dense was identified using reduced rank regression (RRR), cross-sectionally at baseline and was reported elsewhere. Similar RRR analysis was used to find a DP that best explained the variation in response variables linked to poorer life satisfaction, including dietary energy density (DED), fiber density, and percentage of energy from total fat and sugar at the PUTRA-Adol follow-up study. Prospective relationship between adherence to the identified DPs and overall life satisfaction scores as well as its domains between 2016 and 2019–2020 were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models (GEE).ResultsA DP characterized by high intakes of percentage energy from sugar, fibre and low in DED and percentage energy from total fat was identified at the 2019–2020 follow-up. The identified DP explained 11% of total variations in the response variables and was characterized by high intakes of sweets, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) and fruits. Female adolescents [67.6(8.9)] had a mean (SD) of life satisfaction that was higher than male adolescents [67.5(10.8)] p < 0.05 in 2019–2020. Prospective analysis found a significant positive association between the identified DP and school domain, in male adolescents (β = 0.117; 95% CI 0.001, 0.234) and an inverse relationship between the DP z-score and self-domain in all adolescents (β = − 0.060; 95% CI − 0.115, − 0.005) from 2016 to 2019–2020.ConclusionsAn increasing score for the predominant ‘High sugar and High fibre’ DP was prospectively associated with increasing life satisfaction score for the school domain in male adolescents and decreasing score for self-domain in both male and females during adolescence. A lifestyle intervention targeting reduced dietary intakes, particularly sugar, may improve life satisfaction in adolescents and promote healthier future without compromising dietary intakes for chronic disease prevention later in life.

Soy deactivated in semi feedlot diets for heifers 1/2 angus-Nellore

This research evaluated the effects of diets containing or not containing deactivated soybean sums on productive performance, carcass attributes, carcass ultrasound, and feed cost in confined heifers with 1/2 Nellore-Angus blood. We used blood from 60 1/2 Nellore-Angus heifers aged 2 or 25 years with a body weight of 404.62 kg. A completely randomized design was used, in which the animals were divided into 2 experimental groups: Cont (concentrated for semi feedlot without added deactivated soybean) and Bocchi (concentrated for semi feedlot with the addition of deactivated soybeans). There was no significant difference in the final weight between the experimental groups or for the consumption of concentrate in the evaluation periods. However, heifers supplemented with deactivated soybean in the diet showed greater daily weight gain than did those in the Cont group, as well as greater carcass weight, arrobas gain, and carcass yield. Bocchi concentrate was less expensive than Cont (U$ 7.26 ton-1). The addition of deactivated soybean for finishing cattle is indicated because it provided the animals with higher energy intake and positively influenced the productive performance as a final weight gain greater than that of the feed without adding the deactivated soybean in addition to lower production cost.

Gender Difference in the Impact of Total Energy Intake on the Association between Low Fiber Intake and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

The effect of dietary fiber intake on mental health is controversial. This study aimed to examine the association of fiber intake with mental health in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study included 11,288 participants aged ≥40 years who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2004-2013). Fiber intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized into sex-specific quintiles. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the lowest quintile of fiber intake and poor mental health. Mental health was assessed using acute stress perception, the Psychosocial Well-Being Index-Short Form, self-rated health, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale in Korea. Compared to those with higher fiber intake, having the lowest quintile of fiber intake was associated with higher odds of poor mental health risk, a higher risk of high-stress perception, poor psychosocial distress in males, poor psychosocial distress, and depression in females. Low fiber intake had profound negative mental health effects on males with high total energy intake and females with low total energy intake. In conclusion, there is a gender difference in the impact of total energy intake on the deleterious effect of low fiber intake on mental health.

Nutritional Status, Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Physical Activity Level in Male and Female College Students Living in Dormitory

Introduction: The global prevalence of obesity is on the rise, including in Indonesia. High energy intake from sugar is a growing concern worldwide due to its association with weight gain, tooth decay, and non-communicable diseases. A prior study revealed that 10.9% of Indonesian adults consumed energy from sweetened beverages in excess of the WHO recommendation. This study aimed to assess the consumption of sweetened beverages in male and female college students in Indonesia. Method: The study was conducted at Universitas Indonesia and involved 107 subjects aged 19-21 years who resided in student dormitories. Result: The result found the median BMI in female was higher than male. In female, 3 out of 10 students was overweight-obese, while 1 out of 10 in male. Interestingly, the median daily intake of sweetened beverages significantly higher in male than female; 387 (25–1580) vs 246 (0–762) ml/day (p=0.001). Added sugar content in beverages in males was higher than half of Indonesian recommendation (28.4 [1.9–134.4] vs 19.2 [0–61.1]) which contributed to energy as much as 170.9 (12.4–625.7) kcal/ day or about 8.9% of total energy intake than female (108.5 [0–394.4] kcal/day). Compared to Indonesian guideline, 12% of male subjects consumed added sugar higher than 50 g/day. Simultaneously, 7 out of 10 subjects consumed energy from sweetened beverages higher than 10% of their total energy intake (WHO recommendation). The BMI and prevalence of overweight-obese were higher in female, while the sweetened beverage was higher in male. It might be caused by the physical activity in male was higher than female. Although male had higher energy intake from SSB, their energy output through physical activity balanced with energy input. Conclusion: These finding alerted the university as educational institution should take an action to prevent this issue since the prevalence of overweight-obesity and sweetened beverage consumption has occurred in young age.

Nature-Inspired Superhydrophilic Biosponge as Structural Beneficial Platform for Sweating Analysis Patch.

Perspiration plays a pivotal role not only in thermoregulation but also in reflecting the body's internal state and its response to external stimuli. The up-to-date skin-based wearable platforms have facilitated the monitoring and simultaneous analysis of sweat, offering valuable physiological insights. Unlike conventional passive sweating, dynamic normal perspiration, which occurs during various activities and rest periods, necessitates a more reliable method of collection to accurately capture its real-time fluctuations. An innovative microfluidic patch incorporating a hierarchical superhydrophilic biosponge, poise to significantly improve the efficiency capture of dynamic sweat is introduced. The seamlessly integrated biosponge microchannel showcases exceptional absorption capabilities, efficiently capturing non-sensitive sweat exuding from the skin surface, mitigating sample loss and minimizing sweat volatilization. Furthermore, the incorporation of sweat-rate sensors alongside a suite of functional electrochemical sensors endows the patch of uninterrupted monitoring and analysis of dynamic sweat during various activities, stress events, high-energy intake, and other scenarios.

The Role of Diet and the Gut Microbiota in Reactive Aggression and Adult ADHD-An Exploratory Analysis.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, of-ten persistent into adulthood and accompanied by reactive aggression. Associations of diet and the gut-microbiome with ADHD as well as emotional behaviors suggest potential clinical rele-vance of both. However, studies on diet and the gut-microbiome in human reactive aggression are lacking, and should investigate the interaction between diet and the gut-microbiome leading to behavioral changes to assess their potential clinical relevance. In this study, we investigated the interaction of diet and gut-microbiota with adult ADHD and reactive aggression in 77 adults with ADHD and 76 neurotypical individuals. We studied the relationships of ADHD and reactive ag-gression with dietary patterns, bacterial community and taxonomic differences of 16S-sequenced fecal microbiome samples, and potential mediating effects of bacterial genus abundance on signifi-cant diet-behavior associations. The key findings include: (1) An association of high-energy intake with reactive aggeression scores (pFDR = 4.01 × 10-02); (2) Significant associations of several genera with either reactive aggression or ADHD diagnosis with no overlap; and (3) No significant mediation effects of the selected genera on the association of reactive aggression with the high-energy diet. Our results suggest that diet and the microbiome are linked to reactive aggression and/or ADHD individually, and highlight the need to further study the way diet and the gut-microbiome inter-act.

Diet Quality of Midwest Adolescents and Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and Overweight/Obesity Differs by Diagnosis but Not by Weight Category

BackgroundPoor diet may contribute to high rates of overweight/obesity (OW/OB) in adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs). ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine diet quality as assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) scores in adolescents and young adults with IDs and OW/OB and to compare diet quality by ID diagnosis and weight. DesignThree-day image-assisted food records from baseline assessments in an 18-month weight-loss trial for adolescents and young adults with IDs and OW/OB were used to calculate HEI-2015 scores, which were compared between ID diagnoses and weight categories. Participants/settingA total of 102 adolescents and young adults (aged 13-21 years) with IDs (48 with Down syndrome, 40 with autism, and 14 with other/unspecified IDs) and OW/OB at a Midwestern academic medical center completed valid food records from November 2015 to November 2019. Main outcome measuresOutcome measures included HEI-2015 scores, energy intake (kcal/d), macronutrient intake as percentage of energy, energy intake per kilogram body weight, and grams protein per kilogram body weight. Statistical analyses performedDifferences in HEI-2015 scores and additional dietary measures by weight category and ID diagnosis were examined with analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests. ResultsParticipants with Down syndrome (DS) had a significantly higher mean ± SD HEI-2015 score (53.9 ± 8.4) compared with participants with autism (49.1 ± 9.6; P = .047). Compared with those with autism, participants with DS had a higher percentage of energy from protein, higher energy intake per kilogram body weight, and higher grams of protein intake per kilogram body weight. For HEI-2015 components, participants with DS had higher scores than participants with autism for total fruits, whole fruits, total vegetables, greens and beans, and total protein foods, but lower scores for sodium. Diet quality was not observed to differ by weight classification. ConclusionsAdolescents and young adults with autism had lower overall diet quality scores compared with those with DS. Diet quality was not found to be related to OW/OB. Understanding dietary differences by ID diagnosis may inform intervention strategies.

Comparison study of food, energy and nutrient intake by 24-hour dietary recall method on two consecutive days versus three consecutive days

To compare the differences in estimated food, energy, and nutrient intakes between the consecutive 3 days 24-hour dietary recall(24HR)(referred to as the 3-day method) and consecutive 2 days 24HR(referred to as the 2-day method) to provide a basis for the use of consecutive 2 days 24HR in China nutrition surveillance. Using objective sampling to select participants in northern and southern provinces, dietary data were obtained through consecutive 3 days 24HR, and the average intakes of food, energy and nutrients were calculated for three days from Thursday to Saturday and two days on Friday and Saturday, respectively. The 3-day method was considered as the reference standard method to evaluate the performance of the 2-day method for estimating food, energy and nutrient intakes. Among 778 participants aged 18-60 years in urban and rural areas of two provinces, the errors of the mean and median of 2-day method for estimating the intake of four major food categories less than 6% compared with the 3-day method, and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences in four major food categories group(P&gt;0.05). Of the 24 food groups estimated by the 2-day method, 17 had mean errors within 5%, the largest error was in animal offal(13.45%) and the smallest in fruit(0.15%), and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences in seven food groups(P&gt;0.05). For energy and nutrients, the mean and median errors of energy were less than 0.5% and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences for energy(P&gt;0.05). Among the 25 nutrients, except sodium, iodine and vitamin E, the mean and median errors of the other 22 nutrients were less than 5%, and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences in 16 nutrients(P&gt;0.05). There was little difference between the two survey method in assessing the intake of high consumption frequency foods, energy and most nutrients at group level, the 2-day method can be used as an alternative to the 3-day method to collect dietary intake data with high consumption rates in the population.

An atlas of GPCRs in dopamine neurons: Identification of the free fatty acid receptor 4 as a regulator of food and water intake

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs) are subject to extensive metabotropic regulation, but the repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) present in these neurons has not been mapped. Here, we isolate DANs from Dat-eGFP mice to generate a GPCR atlas by unbiased qPCR array expression analysis of 377 GPCRs. Combined with data mining of scRNA-seq databases, we identify multiple receptors in DAN subpopulations with 38 of these receptors representing the majority of transcripts. We identify 41 receptors expressed in midbrain DANs but not in non-DAN midbrain cells, including the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4). Functional expression of FFAR4 is validated by exvivo Ca2+ imaging, and invivo experiments support that FFAR4 negatively regulates food and water intake and bodyweight. In addition to providing a critical framework for understanding metabotropic DAN regulation, our data suggest fatty acid sensing by FFAR4 as a mechanism linking high-energy intake to the dopamine-reward pathway.

Efficacy and Safety of Habitual Consumption of a Food Supplement Containing Miraculin in Malnourished Cancer Patients: The CLINMIR Pilot Study.

Taste disorders (TDs) are common among systemically treated cancer patients and negatively impact their nutritional status and quality of life. The novel food approved by the European Commission (EFSA), dried miracle berries (DMB), contains the natural taste-modifying protein miraculin. DMB, also available as a supplement, has emerged as a possible alternative treatment for TDs. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of habitual DMB consumption in malnourished cancer patients undergoing active treatment. An exploratory clinical trial was carried out in which 31 cancer patients were randomized into three arms [standard dose of DMB (150 mg DMB/tablet), high dose of DMB (300 mg DMB/tablet) or placebo (300 mg freeze-dried strawberry)] for three months. Patients consumed a DMB tablet or placebo daily before each main meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). Throughout the five main visits, electrochemical taste perception, nutritional status, dietary intake, quality of life and the fatty acid profile of erythrocytes were evaluated. Patients consuming a standard dose of DMB exhibited improved taste acuity over time (% change right/left side: -52.8 ± 38.5/-58.7 ± 69.2%) and salty taste perception (2.29 ± 1.25 vs. high dose: 2.17 ± 1.84 vs. placebo: 1.57 ± 1.51 points, p < 0.05). They also had higher energy intake (p = 0.075) and covered better energy expenditure (107 ± 19%). The quality of life evaluated by symptom scales improved in patients receiving the standard dose of DMB (constipation, p = 0.048). The levels of arachidonic (13.1 ± 1.8; 14.0 ± 2.8, 12.0 ± 2.0%; p = 0.004) and docosahexaenoic (4.4 ± 1.7; 4.1 ± 1.0; 3.9 ± 1.6%; p = 0.014) acids in erythrocytes increased over time after DMB intake. The standard dose of DMB increased fat-free mass vs. placebo (47.4 ± 9.3 vs. 44.1 ± 4.7 kg, p = 0.007). Importantly, habitual patients with DMB did not experience any adverse events, and metabolic parameters remained stable and within normal ranges. In conclusion, habitual consumption of a standard 150 mg dose of DMB improves electrochemical food perception, nutritional status (energy intake, fat quantity and quality, fat-free mass), and quality of life in malnourished cancer patients receiving antineoplastic treatment. Additionally, DMB consumption appears to be safe, with no changes in major biochemical parameters associated with health status. Clinical trial registered (NCT05486260).

Sociodemographic, nutritional and anthropometric factors determining overweight and obesity in an adult moroccan population

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the determinants of the weight status of a population is important to be considered in actions aimed at improving public health. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the sociodemographic, nutritional and anthropometric factors associated with overweight and obesity in an adult Moroccan population. METHODS: This study focused on 507 adult subjects from the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region in Morocco, according to a validated conceptual and methodological framework. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire, physical activity (PA) was assessed by the Marshal questionnaire, dietary intakes were estimated by a “dietary history” type survey. Anthropometric parameters were also measured using impedancemetry and a tape measure. RESULTS: The majority of the study population was 20 to 29 years old, females, urban and had an medium socio-economic level (SEL). The population’s dietary intake was high in calories, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, sugars, and sodium; and low in vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, folic acid, iron, calcium and zinc. Univariate analysis revealed that overweight and obesity are associated with the 30–39 yrs age group, average SEL, insufficient PA, high intakes of calories, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as with high waist circumference and excessive body fat percentage. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with overweight and obesity were identified in the study population, revealing a coexistence of high intakes of energy and macronutrient and low intake of several micronutrients. The prevalence of deficiencies and excesses of these intakes testifys of a double burden of malnutrition in this population. The results are very relevant for guiding nutritional education actions among this population.

Resting Metabolic Rate in Indian Adolescents and Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Controlled Study

Abstract Introduction: Energy metabolism in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be different. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for the largest portion of total energy needs. The objective of our study was to assess resting metabolic rate and its determinants in adolescents and young adults with T1D in comparison with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 97 children and young adults (10–19 years) with type 1 diabetes having a disease duration of at least 1 year. For the control population, 95 age- and gender-matched healthy adolescents were enrolled. Clinical examination and biochemical evaluation of parameters pertaining to diabetes and body composition were estimated, and RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry for both cases and controls. Results: Adolescents with T1D were significantly shorter, and had significantly lower calorie intake, higher RMR and volume of oxygen consumed (VO2) as compared to the healthy controls (P &lt; 0.05). RMR adjusted for weight showed a significant positive correlation with lean body mass (LBM) percentage, and energy intake and a negative correlation with disease duration. Those with a T1D duration of less than 5 years demonstrated a significantly higher RMR, lower body fat percentage, higher LBM percentage, carbohydrate and energy intake/kg body weight and higher calculated insulin sensitivity (IS) as compared to those with greater disease duration. Muscle mass percentage and higher energy intake were found to be significant positive predictors and advancing age/diabetes duration was a negative predictor of weight-adjusted RMR (P &lt; 0.05), whereas IS and male gender tended towards significant negative association (P = 0.06). Conclusion: Indian children with type 1 diabetes had a higher resting metabolic rate as compared to healthy children. Muscle mass, energy intake and diabetes duration were observed to be important predictors of RMR in T1D. Reduction in RMR with advancing age/disease duration may predispose to weight gain and subsequent double diabetes in T1D.

Dietary Intake among Lebanese Adults: Findings from the Updated LEBANese natiONal Food Consumption Survey (LEBANON-FCS).

The rates of obesity, undernutrition, and other non-communicable diseases are on the rise among Lebanese adults. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the food consumption habits of this population to understand diet quality, analyze consumption trends, and compare them to healthy diets known to reduce risks of non-communicable diseases. To evaluate the food consumption patterns, energy intake, as well as macro- and micro-nutrient intake among a nationally representative sample of Lebanese adults aged 18-64 years old. A cross-sectional study was carried out from May to September 2022 involving 444 participants from all eight Lebanese governorates. Sociodemographic and medical information was gathered through a questionnaire, food consumption was evaluated using a validated FFQ and 24 h recall, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. There was a notable lack of adherence to three healthy diets (Mediterranean, EAT-Lancet, USDA) among Lebanese adults. Their dietary pattern is characterized by high energy, added sugars, sodium, and saturated fat intake while being low in healthy fats, vitamin A, D, and E. Adult women are falling short of meeting their daily calcium, vitamin D, iron, and vitamin B12 requirements, putting them at increased risk of anemia, osteoporosis, and other health issues. Grains and cereals were the most consumed food groups, and most participants were found to be overweight or obese. In conclusion, the results highlight the need for public health policies and interventions aimed at encouraging Lebanese adults to make healthier food choices and transition towards diets like the Mediterranean, EAT-Lancet, or USDA diet. These diets have been shown to promote overall health and wellbeing.