High Energy Ball Milling Technique Research Articles

Investigation on electrochemical corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Fe-nano particles produced by high-energy ball milling technique

Abstract This study focuses on converting iron particles from grinding sludge, after removing impurities, into Fe-nanoparticles using high-energy ball billing. The goal is to examine the corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties of these Fe-nanoparticles. Nanostructured Fe-powder was synthesized through a process involving 10 h of high-energy ball milling, followed by conventional hot pressing and sintering. Structural and microstructural properties were thoroughly examined using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental diffraction spectroscopy. Upon sintering, SEM and TEM analyses unveiled the formation of a nanostructured alloy within the samples. Notably, the milled sample exhibited high hardness value, measuring at 155 HV. However, it is noteworthy that the un-milled sample demonstrated superior compression strength compared to its milled counterpart. Furthermore, the corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated through electrochemical corrosion studies. Interestingly, the sample subjected to 10 h of milling (coin number 5) displayed a significantly lower corrosion rate, measuring at 1.3921 mm/year, suggesting enhanced corrosion resistance attributed to the nano structuring process.

Mechanically robust and conductive Ti5Te4/P@C composite materials as promising lithium-ion battery anodes

An urgent need has emerged to develop lithium-ion battery anodes that exhibit high reversible capacity and rate performance surpassing carbonaceous materials. Si-based composites have been investigated extensively. However, in this study, we explored another potential alloy anode consisting of Te and phosphorus without Si. Herein, we present a novel composite material, Ti5Te4/P@C, as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Tellurium, which exhibits good electrical conductivity and high volumetric capacity, and red phosphorus, which exhibits high theoretical capacity, were selected as potential anode materials. To overcome the common drawbacks of the two materials, including the vigorous expansion of volume, electrochemically inactive materials, such as titanium and carbon, were introduced as matrix buffers. Te, Ti, red phosphorus, and C were synthesized using a three-step high energy ball milling (HEBM) technique, that is, stepwise synthesis of (1) Ti and Te, (2) red phosphorus, and (3) carbon. The developed Ti5Te4/P@C composites revealed that the introduction of red P led to the generation of additional pure Te in the Ti5Te4/P@C composites, which was owing to the different binding interactions between Ti, Te, and red P, as confirmed by DFT calculations. Among the developed Ti5Te4/P@C anodes, Ti5Te4/P(30 wt%)@C exhibited outstanding cyclability and high rate performance (440 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1 after 500 cycles). To confirm the electrochemical responses and Li+ ion diffusion mechanisms, CV and GITT analyses were performed. Based on the electrochemical characteristics, the superior electrochemical performance of the Ti5Te4/P@C anodes can be ascribed to the well-defined composite structure, including the high electrical conductivity of Te, high theoretical capacity of red P, and effective buffering agents of Ti as a mechanical supporter and conductive C, which enable a pseudocapacitive response, providing better reversibility. Therefore, the Ti5Te4/P@C composite materials are viable anodes for high-performance LIBs.

Structural characteristics of Zn-MOFs and derived zinc oxide by X-ray diffraction peak analysis fabricated by mechanical and hydrothermal methods

In this work, the Zn based MOFs were synthesized from cyanoguanidine and zinc acetate source precursors via two hydrothermal methods and high energy ball milling technique and also the free salt and bimetallic samples have been synthesized. Then, the fabricated Zn-MOFs were heat for calcination at 550 °C for 110 min. The synthesized nanostructures were examined by XRD, SEM and FTIR analysis to gain insight about structure, morphology and functional groups properties. The results confirm that it is possible to prepare Zn MOFs using high energy ball milling methods. Besides, the fabricated MOF and complex structures can be converted to porous zinc oxide (ZnO) by a simple thermal annealing in air. Then, the line broadening of ZnO from mechanochemical and hydrothermal methods was showed due to the small crystallite size and lattice strain. The broadening was studied by the Scherrer formula and Williamson Hall (UDM, USDM, UDEDM) and Size-strain plot techniques. In addition, undesirable phases may affect the synthesized part during thermal cycles. We demonstrate the potential of using high-energy X-ray diffraction for detailed analysis of minority phases in ZnO-derived components.

Nano casein-pectin complex: exploring physicochemical, organoleptic properties, and LAB viability in skimmed milk and low-fat yoghurt.

Protein complexes with a nutritional value, heat stability, and gelling properties with no negative impact on culture viability have promising application prospects in the fermentation industry. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of applying physical modification seeking high-protein-fortified yoghurt production using the nano casein-pectin NCP complex as an active colloidal system with enhanced structural and thermal properties and monitor the quality properties of the physicochemical, heat stability, rheological, starter culture viability and sensory evaluation of fortified products comparing with the plain control throughout the cold storage. High-energy ball milling (HEBM) technique was used to produce nanoparticles of casein powder and smaller particles of pectin individually, and particle size and zeta potential was assessed. Deferent Nano casein-pectin (NCP) complex formulations were prepared, their physicochemical properties were assessed including protein quality via Amino Acid Analyzer (AAA), viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and then used in fortification of skimmed milk and low-fat yoghurt to monitor the fortification effects. The particle sizes showed to be ≈166 nm and 602.6 nm for nano-casein and pectin, respectively. Milk fortification with the NCP complex has significantly increased the nutritional value represented in increased protein content (7.19 g/100 g in NCP5); Ca, P, and S content (2,193.11, 481.21, and 313.77 ppm); and amino acid content with first limiting amino acids; histidine (0.89 mg/g), methionine (0.89 mg/g), and low content of hydrophobic amino acids (HAAs) may cause aggregation. NPC fortification enhanced physicochemical properties announced in enhanced viscosity (62. mP.s in NCP5) and heat stability (up to 200°C) compared with control skimmed milk (SM). NCP yoghurt fortification significantly increased protein content to 11 mg/100 g in T5, enhanced viscosity to 48.44 mP.s in T3, decreased syneresis to 16% in T5, and enhanced LAB viability which was translated in preferable sensorial properties. Applying fortification with nanoparticles of the casein-pectin (NCP) complex balanced the amino acid content and improved physicochemical, rheological, nutritional, and sensorial properties and LAB viability, which can be recommended further in functional food applications.

The Analysis of the Application of Using Nanoceramic Oxides in Fire-resistant Coatings

The increased demand for enhanced fire safety in various industries has spurred interest in the properties and applications of nanoceramic oxide materials. This paper provides a thorough examination of the fundamental attributes of nanoceramic oxides, showcasing their exceptional temperature, corrosion, and wear resistance. The paper discusses synthesis methods like evaporation condensation, high-energy mechanical ball milling, and both vapor and liquid phase chemical techniques. The paper further explicates the underlying mechanisms that enable fire-resistant coatings to retard flames, highlighting thermal insulation, intumescence, and more. Of significance is the potential of nanoceramic oxides to augment the performance of these coatings, evidenced by applications like tunnel fire retardant coatings and steel structure coatings that integrate materials such as Mg (OH)2, nano-SiO2, and TiO2. While challenges in raw material sourcing, eco-friendliness, production, and expertise arise, solutions are proposed. Conclusively, the study underscores the transformative potential of nanoceramic oxides in the realm of fire-resistant coatings, pushing boundaries in fire safety across sectors.

Structural, vibrational and magnetic properties of heat treated CuFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by two different synthesis routes

The present study employed co-precipitation and high-energy ball milling techniques to synthesize nanoparticles of copper ferrite. Subsequently, the powders underwent air annealing at three distinct temperatures, namely 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C, for a duration of 3 h. The structural and magnetic properties of the generated compositions were assessed and examined by a range of techniques, including as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Based on X-ray diffraction examinations, it has been observed that the co-precipitation process results in the production of copper ferrite nanoparticles of smaller size compared to those obtained using the milling procedure. The infrared absorption spectra demonstrated that the enhancement of the annealing temperature resulted in an augmentation of the structural integrity of milled copper ferrite. The results of magnetic investigations conducted at ambient temperature indicate that increasing the annealing temperature resulted in an enhancement of saturation magnetization. The copper ferrite material, which was synthesized using co-precipitation and subsequently subjected to annealing at a temperature of 1000 °C, had the most minimal coercivity value of 138 G and remanence value of 5.26 emu/g. In the context of high-density data storage devices, there is a strong preference for lower coercivity and remanence characteristics. It has been observed that the enhancement of structural and magnetic characteristics requires annealing at elevated temperatures.

Enhancing Thermoelectric Performance in P-Type Sb2Te3-Based Compounds Through Nb─Ag Co-Doping with Donor-Like Effect.

P-type Sb2Te3 has been recognized as a potential thermoelectric material for applications in low-medium temperature ranges. However, its inherent high carrier concentration and lattice thermal conductivity led to a relatively low ZT value, particularly around room temperature. This study addresses these limitations by leveraging high-energy ball milling and rapid hot-pressing techniques to substantially enhance the Seebeck coefficient and power factor of Sb2Te3, yielding a remarkable ZT value of 0.55 at 323K due to the donor-like effect. Furthermore, the incorporation of Nb─Ag co-doping increases hole concentration, effectively suppressing intrinsic excitations ≈548K while maintaining the favorable power factor. Simultaneously, the lattice thermal conductivity can be significantly reduced upon doping. As a result, the ZT values of Sb2Te3-based materials attain an impressive range of 0.5-0.6 at 323K, representing an almost 100% improvement compared to previous research endeavors. Finally, the ZT value of Sb1.97Nb0.03Ag0.005Te3 escalates to 0.92 at 548K with a record average ZT value (ZTavg) of 0.75 within the temperature range of 323-573K. These achievements hold promising implications for advancing the viability of V-VI commercialized materials for low-medium temperature application.

Silicon infused Molybedenum di-selinide (MoSe2) nanosheets for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications

The systematized design of two-dimensional (2D) nanocatalysts for sensible energy-efficient reactions is quite a puzzling prospective aspect in energy-related applications. In this current work, we used a top-down strategy to synthesize silicon (Si) nanoparticles using a high-energy mechanical ball milling technique. In hydrothermal reaction, these Si nanoparticles were introduced into the 2D MoSe2 matrix sequence based on varying the percentages of silicon (0–15%) vs Selinium content. The high crystalline phases of the synthesized 10% Si:MoSe2 exhibited the sheet-like morphology and silicon inserted layered structure. The pristine MoSe2@CC & Si:MoSe2@CC electrodes were prepared by tape casting method. During HER reaction, the miniscule insertion of Si into MoSe2 matrix amplified the current density until 10% addition and moved the reduction curves towards lower onset overpotential (76.23 mV) in addition to the significant Tafel value (112.3 mV/decade). The potential of the better performed electrode in HER was explored as an anode for Lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications. The electrode delivered a discharge capacity of 406.7 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA/g after 100 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, the rationally constructed bifunctional electrode (Si:MoSe2@CC) showed strong physicochemical stability, which can be used in future sustainable energy generation and storage devices.

Production of reduced graphene oxide from activated rice husk charcoal using a high-energy ball milling method

Production of high-quality graphene at a commercial scale with low cost remains challenging. Thus, we used a high-energy ball milling approach to make reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from activated rice husk charcoal as an enriched carbon source. The as-produced rGO samples were characterized to determine the effect of various milling times (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 min) on their structure, morphology, specific surface area, pores volume, and size distribution. The variation in the ball milling times was found to introduce the structural defects and remove the oxygen functional groups, thus improving the overall characteristics of the obtained rGO. The wrinkle sheet-like structures of rGO evolved into numerous paper balls-like transparent rumple morphologies due to the milling process-enabled compression mechanism. In addition, due to the increase of milling times, the amount of carbon in rGO was increased to 89.9 atomic%, and oxygen was reduced to 9.3 atomic%, wherein the thermal agitation-mediated collisions of particles played a significant role. The specific surface area (121.483 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.133 cm3 g−1) of rGO prepared at a milling time of 50 min were observed to be optimum. It was asserted that a high-energy ball milling technique with controlled milling times could help produce high-quality rGO from activated rice husk charcoal at low cost, leading to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly material required for diverse applications.

Novel slag/natural rubber composite as flexible material for protecting workers against radiation hazards

This work is an attempt to employ the electric arc furnace (EAF) slag as a by-product material to develop an alternative and environmentally friendly material for gamma-radiation protection applications such as in medical and industrial areas. For this purpose, different concentrations of micro-sized EAF slag (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 500, and 800 phr) were incorporated as fillers in the natural rubber (NR) matrix to produce the shielding composites. In addition, nano-sized EAF slag particles were prepared by using a high-energy ball milling technique to investigate the effect of particle size on the gamma-radiation shielding properties. The synthesized micro and nano EAF/NR composites were tested as protective materials against gamma-radiation by employing NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and standard radioactive point sources (152Eu, 137Cs, 133Ba, and 60Co). Different shielding parameters such as linear and mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff) were determined to assess the radiation shielding capability of the EAF/NR composites. Furthermore, equivalent atomic number (Zeq) and the exposure buildup factor values for photon energy in the range from 0.015 to 15 MeV were also computed by Geometric Progression method. The experimental results of micro EAF/NR composites showed that at 121.78 keV, EAF0 composite (without EAF slag content) had the lowest μ value of 0.1695 cm−1, while the EAF800 composite (which was loaded with 800 phr of micro EAF slag) had the highest μ value of 0.2939 cm−1 at the same energy, which in turn decreases the HVL from 4.09 to 2.36 cm, respectively. Therefore, increasing the filler weight fractions of EAF slag in the NR matrix, increases the shielding properties of the composites. Moreover, the NR composite reinforced with 800 phr of nano EAF slag has better gamma-radiation shielding efficiency compared to that filled with 800 phr of micro EAF slag. The success of this work was to prepare a flexible, lightweight, low-cost, and lead-free material with better shielding capability.

Development of CI/BFO nanocomposite for efficient microwave absorption in low frequency range of L, S, C, and X – bands

The electronic industry's rapid progress demands highly efficient microwave absorbers with low coating thickness, broad bandwidth, and simple manufacturing. However, achieving all these properties together remains challenging, especially for low-frequency ranges. In this study, a carbonyl iron/barium hexaferrite (CI/BFO) nanocomposite was prepared via facile high-energy ball milling technique, resulting in excellent microwave absorption in L, S, C, and X-bands. The modified morphology of the CI/BFO nanocomposite significantly enhanced the microwave absorption bandwidth. For a 15 h milled sample with 10 wt% of BFO nanoparticles, an effective broad bandwidth (RL < − 10 dB) of 9.15 GHz in 1.9 – 11.05 GHz frequency range was obtained with a low coating thickness of 2.5 mm. An advanced electromagnetic technique utilizing Genetic Algorithm (GA) for designing triple-layer microwave absorbers was employed to improve absorption bandwidth further and decrease layer coating thickness. The optimized design of triple-layer microwave absorber showed an impressive effective bandwidth of 15.12 GHz, covering 2.88 – 18 GHz frequency range while maintaining an overall coating thickness of only 1.77 mm. The developed CI/BFO nanocomposite showcased remarkable ability to absorb microwaves across a wide frequency range due to various absorption mechanisms like eddy currents, conduction, electron hopping, and multiple interfacial polarization, making it highly suitable for ultra-broadband microwave absorption in practical applications.

Frequency and temperature-dependence ZnO based fractional order capacitor using machine learning

This paper investigates the fractional order behavior of ZnO ceramics at different frequencies. ZnO ceramic was prepared by high energy ball milling technique (HEBM) sintered at 1300 °C to study the frequency response properties. The frequency response properties (impedance and phase angles) were examined by analyzing through impedance analyzer (100 Hz - 1 MHz). Constant phase angles (84 °-88 °) were obtained at low temperature ranges (25 °C-125 °C). The structural and morphological composition of the ZnO ceramic was investigated using X-ray diffraction techniques and FESEM. Raman spectrum was studied to understand the different modes of ZnO ceramics. Machine learning (polynomial regression) models were trained on a dataset of 1280 experimental values to accurately predict the relationship between frequency and temperature with respect to impedance and phase values of the ZnO ceramic FOC. The predicted impedance values were found to be in good agreement (R2 ∼ 0.98, MSE ∼ 0.0711) with the experimental results. Impedance values were also predicted beyond the experimental frequency range (at 50 Hz and 2 MHz) for different temperatures (25°C - 500°C) and for low temperatures (10 °C, 15 °C and 20 °C) within the frequency range (100 Hz - 1 MHz).

Nanostructured Mn–Ni Powders Produced by High-Energy Ball-Milling for Water Decontamination from RB5 Dye

In this study, the degradation efficiency of Mn-20at%Ni and Mn-30at%Ni particle powders made by melt-spinning and high-energy ball-milling techniques is investigated in relation to the degradation of the azo dye Reactive Black 5. SEM, EDS, and XRD were used to analyze the powders’ morphology, surface elemental composition, and phase structure. An ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the ball-milled powder’s capacity to degrade, and the collected powders were examined using the FTIR spectroscopy method to identify the substituents in the extract. The impact of MnNi alloy on the azo dye Reactive Black 5′s degradation and its effectiveness as a decolorizing agent were examined as functions of different parameters such as chemical composition, specific surface, and temperature. In comparison to the Mn-30at%Ni alloy, the powdered Mn-20at%Ni particles show better degrading efficiency and a faster rate of reaction. This remarkable efficiency is explained by the configuration of the valence electrons, which promotes more responding sites in the d-band when the Ni content is reduced. Therefore, increased electron transport and a hastened decolorization process are achieved by reducing the Ni concentration of RB5 solution with Mn80 particle powder. Additionally, this difference in their decolorization efficiency is explained by the fact that Mn-20at%Ni has the highest specific surface area of 0.45 m2 g−1. As the main result, the functional uses of nanostructured metallic powder particles as organic pollution decolorizers in the textile industry are greatly expanded by our study.

Induced dipole dominant giant electrorheological fluid

Traditional dielectric electrorheological fluid (ER) is based on the interaction of dielectric particle polarization, and the yield stress is low, which cannot meet the application requirements. The giant ER (GER) effect is caused by orientations and interactions of polar molecules adsorbed on the particle surfaces. Despite the high yield stress, these polar molecules are prone to wear and fall off, resulting in a continuous reduction in shear stress of GER liquid, which is also not suitable for application. Here we introduce a new type of ER fluid called induced dipole dominant ER fluid (ID-ER), of which the particles contain oxygen vacancies or conductor microclusters both prepared by high energy ball milling (HEBM) technique. In the electric field E, oxygen vacancies or conductor microclusters form induced dipoles. Because the local electric field E loc in the gaps between particles can be two to three orders of magnitude larger than E, the induced dipole moments must be large. The strong interactions of these induced dipoles make the yield stress of the ID-ER fluid reaching more than 100 kPa. Since there are oxygen vacancies or conductor microclusters everywhere in the particles, the particles will not lose the function due to surface wear during use. The experimental results show that the ID-ER fluid possesses the advantages of high shear stress, low current density, short response time, good temperature stability, long service life, and anti-settlement, etc. The comprehensive performance is much better than the existing ER materials, and also the preparation method is simple and easy to repeat, thus it should be a new generation of ER fluid suitable for practical applications.

Function of Si on the high-temperature oxidation of FeCoNiMnSix HEAs with excellent electromagnetic-wave absorption properties

FeCoNiMnSix (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) HEAs were synthesized by utilizing a novel high-energy ball-milling technique. When the Si content reached 0.3, the phase structure will transform from FCC to BCC. In terms of high-temperature oxidation resistance, Si may dramatically minimize the oxidation level of the alloys at high temperatures, hence improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance. The addition of Si to the alloys had slight influence on the corrosion resistance. Additionally, incorporating an appropriate amount of Si may also reduce magnetic loss, promote impedance matching, and improve electromagnetic-wave loss capabilities. FeCoNiMnSi0.3 exhibits good electromagnetic-wave absorption capability with a minimum reflection loss value of − 48.6 dB at 4.24 GHz and an effective absorption width of 4.81 GHz at 2.03 mm thickness. This study is necessary for the investigation of electromagnetic-wave materials with practical applications at high temperatures.

Structural and magnetic properties of Dy doped SrFe12O19 ferrites

Hexagonal Sr1−xDyxFe12O19 (x = 0.0–0.1) have been prepared by high-energy ball milling technique. The effect of Dy doping on the structural and magnetic properties is studied. Crystal structure, morphology and magnetic properties are investigated. Single polycrystalline phase of SrFe12O19 is obtained and proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. All Sr1−xDyxFe12O19 samples displayed single polycrystalline phase whatever the amount of Dy is. Magnetic properties, as a function of magnetic field and of temperature, were examined before and after Dy doping. Significant improvement of saturation magnetization (Ms) and intrinsic coercivity (Hc) at room temperature were achieved as a result of the Dy substitution. High coercivity were observed for all samples, suggesting the materials are good candidates for high frequency applications. Remnant magnetization (Mr) is obtained from the hysteresis loop and found at 13.5 emu/g for the non-doped sample. The value showed significant increase, reaching 34.2 emu/g, with increasing the dopant (Dy) amount. Magnetic interactions were explored via temperature dependent zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) magnetization measurements. FC magnetization increased slowly with temperature reduction for the samples x = 0, 0.02 and 0.04, indicating the weakly coupled magnetic system. But for highly doped samples (x = 0.06 and 0.08) the FC magnetization decreased with decreasing of temperature, indicating the strong coupling interactions. The ZFC and FC magnetization data indicates that the blocking temperature (TB) is well above the room temperature.

Influence of synthesis procedures on the preparation of strontium titanate nanoparticles and photocatalytic application for methylene blue degradation

SrTiO3 is a well-known photocatalyst with various applications, such as antibacterial agents, self-cleaning surfaces, and water and air conditioning. With the increased environmental pollution, SrTiO3 is one of the most studied perovskite photocatalysts, exhibiting pronounced photocatalytic activity for removing chemical pollutants and water splitting. In the present work, pure Strontium titanate (ST) nanoparticles were successfully prepared using high-energy ball milling and Pechini techniques and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Structural parameters were evaluated by Rietveld refinement analysis from XRD data, which confirmed the cubic system of SrTiO3 with Pm-3 m space group. Scanning electron microscope results showed that ST1 samples consisted of agglomerated and irregular-shaped structures between 20 and 40 nm, and in ST2, the particles were round-shaped and had an average size of 150 nm. The obtained nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) degradation, and synthesis methods' influence on catalytic activity was investigated. The photocatalytic studies examining the decoloration of MB dye reveal the function of smaller particles in increasing the rate of reactions. The degradation rate constant of MB on the ST1 (Pechini-synthesized sample) and ST2 (high energy ball milled sample) is 0.0145 and 0.0112 min−1, respectively. The better photocatalytic activity of the ST1 demonstrated 93% degradation of dye under the solar light simulator. The photocatalytic reaction data provided well a first-order kinetic model.

The Sn–red P–Fe–based alloy materials for efficient Li–ion battery anodes

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted significant research attention owing to interest in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Numerous cathode materials have been developed and commercialized. However, graphite-based materials with low reversible capacity are still used as LIB anodes. This imbalance in development diminishes performance of LIBs. In this study, active (Sn–red P)/inactive (Fe) (Sn–red P–Fe) composite materials were developed from a high-energy ball milling technique and were used as high-capacity LIB anodes. The electrochemical characteristics of the FeSn2/P(3:1)@C and FeSn2/P(3:2)@C composites were analyzed, and the results demonstrated their notable performance as LIB anodes. In particular, the FeSn2/P(3:1)@C anode presented an average reversible capacity of 704 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g, and excellent capacity retention of 93% after 200 cycles. To further analyze the electrochemical reactions and Li+ ion diffusion mechanism of the as-assembled LIBs, CV and EIS analyses were performed. The remarkable performance of the FeSn2/P(3:1)@C anode were attributed to the C buffer matrix, which prevented the aggregation of Sn, conductive Fe formation, and predominant pseudocapacitive reaction. Therefore, it is expected that the FeSn2/P(3:1)@C composite can be a viable anode material for LIBs.

Synthetization and Characterization of Mg-doped SnSe with Mg Substitution at the Sn Site by High Energy Ball Milling Technique

Synthetization and Characterization of Mg-doped SnSe with Mg Substitution at the Sn Site by High Energy Ball Milling Technique

Multifunctional amorphous FeCoNiTixSi high-entropy alloys with excellent electromagnetic-wave absorption performances.

Amorphous high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as electromagnetic-wave absorbing materials have been rarely reported. In this work, amorphous FeCoNiTixSi HEAs were synthesized by introducing a high content of large-atom Ti using the high-energy ball-milling technique. This amorphous structure could improve the saturated magnetization and coercivity of HEAs, but slightly degraded the mechanical and oxidation resistance properties. In terms of electromagnetic properties, FeCoNiTi0.01Si and FeCoNiTiSi exhibit excellent electromagnetic-wave absorption performances, with significant absorptions of -68.4 dB at 6.14 GHz and -63.4 dB at 9.12 GHz, corresponding to bandwidths of 5.15 GHz (1.69 mm) and 3.64 GHz (1.43 mm), respectively. Overall, the prepared FeCoNiTixSi HEAs exhibited superior comprehensive performances compared to other HEA absorption materials. This work provided a novel strategy for the development of new electromagnetic-wave absorption materials with low weight, high absorption efficiency, and resistance to harsh environments.