High Oil-water Separation Efficiency Research Articles

Preparation and properties of bio-based PA56/SiO2–NH2 composite nanofiber membranes for high efficiency oil-water separation

With the continuous development of environmental protection and resource recycling demands, the development of bio-based separation membrane materials has increasingly attracted attention. Bio-based polyamide 56 (PA56), exhibiting excellent hydrophilicity, spinnability, and mechanical properties, is expected to complement and replace traditional separation membrane materials. In this study, the electrospinning preparation and structural control of PA56 nanofiber membranes were achieved through the optimization of PA56 content and mixed solvent ratios. The study found that when the PA56 content was 16 wt% and the formic acid to acetone ratio in the mixed solvent was 8:2, the nanofiber diameter distribution was the most uniform. Building on this, amino-functionalized modified silica (SiO2–NH2) nanoparticles were introduced to prepare PA56/SiO2–NH2 composite nanofiber membranes featuring a cobweb-like nanofiber network and micro-nodule structure. The effects of the addition of SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles on the morphology, structure, and properties of the fiber membranes were studied. The results indicate that the control of the mixed solvent ratio and the addition of SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles led to the formation of a cobweb-like nanofiber network and micro-nano nodular structure on the nanofiber surface, enhancing the hydrophilicity of PA56 nanofiber membranes. The M − 3 membrane with a nanoparticle addition amount of 0.8 wt% exhibited high hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobic properties, achieving efficient separation of stable oil-in-water emulsions with a separation efficiency of 99.8 %. This work provides a new bio-based membrane material and its preparation method for treating oily wastewater using the membrane separation method.

Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic polyurethane /reduced graphene oxide/ sponge for efficient oil-water separation and photothermal remediation

Due to the rapid development of global industrialization, the frequent occurrence of organic matter leakage and oil leakage accidents has led to increasingly serious environmental pollution. Therefore, this paper has proposed a facile and affordable method for creating oil water separation materials, and successful creating a super hydrophobic/super oleophilic functional porous polyurethane sponge modified by reduced graphene oxide and polydopamine (PDA-rGO-PU). Dopamine undergoes a self-polymerization event that creates polydopamine, which is subsequently coated on a polyurethane framework to create a sponge structure with several active sites. The surface of the modified sponge structure was coated with graphene oxide by a simple drop-coating method, and graphene oxide coated on the surface of polydopamine was reduced to create the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic material. The PDA-rGO-PU demonstrated strong anti-adhesion properties and a high oil-water separation efficiency of 99.8 % while having high water contact angles of 155 ° ± 3 ° and oil contact angles (OCA) of 0 °. It has a strong ability to adsorb various oils and organic solvents, the excellent photothermal effect allows PDA-rGO-PU to raise temperature by 37.9 % in the presence of light. PDA-rGO-PU has good continuous oil sorption performance after installing the pump. When under simulated lighting conditions, the sorption time of modified sponge on crude oil was shortened by 2.3 times.

Ultra-hydrophilic MOF-303 on electrospun nanofibers with Burr Puzzles structure for the purification of oily wastewater containing heavy metal ions

The current oil-water separation field is extremely complex and the material system is variable. Therefore, the full process applicability of membrane technology is extremely demanding, both in terms of high oil-water separation efficiency and the treatment of soluble substances in wastewater, such as heavy metal ions. The high demand for membrane performance is accompanied by the complexity of the membrane manufacturing process, resulting in the development of membrane technology being hindered. If we can purify heavy metal ions from wastewater while meeting the conditions of oil-water treatment, and simplify the process flow, it is an innovation that we are happy to see. Herein, the use of a seed pre-embedded growth strategy is taking polyacrylamide (PEI) as a breakthrough point, we take advantage of blending to introduce embedding sites in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. Uniform growth of MOF-303 with Burr Puzzle structure on membrane surface using in situ hydrothermal growth method. The Burr Puzzles structure on the membrane surface is not only able to effectively deal with nanoscale stabilized oil-water mixture and effectively adsorb heavy metal ions, but also enables the MOF-303 crystals to grow more firmly on the membrane surface, so that the modified membrane still maintains good performance in harsh environments. The separation fluxes of the oil-in-water emulsions were all higher than 6987 L m−2 h−1 for oil-in-water emulsion with a separation efficiency of 98.4 %, and the adsorption efficiency of heavy metal ions was also as high as 98.3 %. After 20 cycles, the membrane maintains its promising performance. Due to its simple preparation process and excellent efficiency of emulsions separation and heavy metal ions separation, simplifies complex membrane processes while meeting the rigors of wastewater treatment. it has great prospects for development in the current complex wastewater treatment process.

Realization of oil/bacteria-containing effluent purification and self-power for water monitoring based on solar-driven interfacial evaporation

Low-energy separation techniques are urgently needed to obtain clean water from complex effluent sources, especially in light of the increasing global water and energy shortages. Herein, we proposed a de novo integrated strategy that simultaneously achieved the purification of oil/bacteria-containing complex wastewater/seawater while generating self-power for monitoring the quality of purified water via solar-driven water evaporation (SDWE) of effluent utilizing a modified MXene-based aerogel (M@PCM-4). This aerogel featured a vertically aligned porous cellular microchannel structure, and it possessed photothermal conversion and self-power functions. Our study demonstrates high oil–water separation efficiency (>99.75 %), bacterial retention rate (∼100 %), and power generation (0.22 V), which holds practical significance. The designed strategy offered a potential route for addressing the dual challenges of clean water scarcity and sustainable energy production.

Easy and fast preparation of superhydrophobic multi-level structures with high stability and oil-water separation efficiency

Superhydrophobic materials can solve the problem of oil pollution in water resources. In this paper, superhydrophobic PDMS-SiO2 with macro-micro-nano multi-level structures was prepared by impregnation method. The superhydrophobic PDMS-SiO2 material has good physical and chemical stability, and retains its superhydrophobicity after sandpaper abrasion, tape peeling, water immersion, acid or alkali immersion, and high temperature baking. The superhydrophobic PDMS-SiO2 material has a high oil-water separation efficiency, with the highest oil-water separation efficiency reaching more than 99%, and the oil-water separation efficiency of different oils all exceeding 96%. The preparation of superhydrophobic PDMS-SiO2 material is simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly, which can achieve fast and large-area preparation, with good engineering application prospects.

Nanofiber membranes fabricated by coaxial electrospinning with porous channel structure for high-efficiency oil-water separation

The electrospinning nanofiber membranes modified by nanoparticles can effectively improve anti-oil adhesion and separation performance. However, the low stability of nanoparticles on the fiber membrane surface substantially limits the operational lifespan of the membrane. Herein, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber membranes with multi-scale microporous channel structures are prepared using coaxial electrospinning and a sacrificial template strategy. Subsequently, iron phytate nanoparticles are grown in situ on the fibers to fill the porous structures by utilizing the hollow and porous nanofibers as a framework. The interlocking structure between the nanoparticles and the porous fibers significantly enhances the stability and durability between nanoparticles and the fiber membrane. Even after being subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 7 h, there is no discernible shedding of nanoparticles from the fiber membrane. The prepared nanofiber membrane demonstrates exceptional superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, exhibiting remarkable self-cleaning capability and resistance to crude oil contamination. Additionally, the membrane efficiently separates various oil-in-water emulsions, achieving a high separation efficiency of over 99%. Moreover, the membrane also demonstrates excellent adsorption capability towards cationic dyes. Therefore, this interlocking structure composed of nanoparticles and nanofibers presents new ideas and insights for the preparation of high-performance and durable oil–water separation membranes.

Novel conductive Janus membranes with water diode effect assisted by an electrostatic field for efficient mass transfer and oil-water separation

Membrane separation technology is effective for treating oily wastewater but is limited by the lack of membranes that are both highly permeable and fouling-resistant. Janus membranes, with asymmetric wettability and electrostatic repulsion of charged oil droplets, offer a potential strategy for oil-water separation. This study developed novel electrically enhanced conductive Janus membranes using metal-modified organic membranes to achieve high-efficiency treatment. Conductive metal Janus membranes were fabricated using a straightforward two-step method involving simple electroless nickel plating and surface peeling. The resulting nickel-coated surface of the membrane demonstrated extreme hydrophilicity, underwater oleophobicity, and excellent conductivity (approximately 4.7 Ω). Fascinatingly, the developed membranes exhibited a “water diode” effect, facilitating unidirectional liquid transport without external pressure. Gravity-driven oil-water separation achieved a flux rate of 4874 L m−2 h−1 and over 99 % oil removal efficiency, surpassing most existing studies. During electro-filtration of oil-water emulsions, the conductive Janus membrane as a cathode generated electrostatic repulsion, preventing emulsified oil droplet adhesion. Applying an external voltage increased the flux by approximately 13 times and oil removal efficiency to 99.6 %. The membrane's separation capability remained consistent across six cycle tests, demonstrating robust stability. As all, this work first synthesized conductive “water diode” Janus membranes with high oil-water separation efficiency, offering fresh perspectives on the design and fabrication of Janus membranes as well as on the processes for treating oily wastewater.

Anti-fouling underwater superoleophobic membranes based on hierarchical double networks for high efficiency oil–water separation

Oil fouling is a key problem of superwettable oil–water separation membranes because the membranes are inevitably susceptible to varying degrees of oil contamination during the ongoing separation processes, which usually results in a severe impact on separation performance. Consequently, it is a great challenge to construct oil-removal membranes with superior resistance to oil contamination. Herein, we fabricated hierarchical double networks (HDT)-modified porous glass membrane with superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity. Firstly, a layer of silicone nanofilament (SNF) network bearing tremendous C = C double bonds were fabricated on a porous glass membrane surface by one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using vinyltrichlorosilane (VTCS) as a precursor. Subsequently, the second network layer was constructed by copolymerization of the C = C double bonds on the SNF network and those in sulfobetaine-derived monomer (sulfobetaine methacrylate, SBMA), using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linkering agent. It was observed that the obtained HDT-modified glass membranes displayed excellent superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity accompanied with superior self-cleaning performance and oil-resistance properties. As a result, the HDT-modified membranes showed high separation flux and high efficiency for both oil/water mixtures (7500 L m−2h−1, above 99.98%) and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (1100 L m−2h−1, above 99.96%) with excellent cyclability. The outstanding advantages with characteristics of excellent oil resistance and superior separation performance enable the HDT-modified glass membrane promising applications in a wide range of industries related to oil–water separations.

Facile preparation of UiO-66-NH2-coated mesh membrane with underwater superoleophobicity for high efficiency oil-water separation

The metal organic framework (MOF) polycrystalline membranes on stainless steel mesh (SSM) are urgently required for effective oil-water separation, but the affordable preparation still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a series of UiO-66-NH2/SSM films, which are developed by a rational ‘seeding-assisted secondary growth’ method. Results depict that the proposed method greatly shortens the synthesis time, and helps to achieve a continuous and uniform modification of UiO-66-NH2 on SSM, and hence contributes to a superior hydrophilicity and superoleophobicity for UiO-66-NH2/SSM with minimum water contact angle of 32° and maximum underwater oil contact angle of 150°, respectively. Specifically, the UiO-66-NH2/SSM-600–2 has total permeation fluxes and separation efficiencies of ca. 8.4×104 L·m−2·h−1 and 100% for the n-hexane-, petroleum ether- and chloroform-water emulsions (1% volume ratio), which exceed numerous polycrystalline membranes reported so far. It also exhibits a great durability with only 0.1% loss of separation efficiency after 8 cycles. Furthermore, outstanding acid-resistivity and salt-tolerance are also presented. Our work supplies a new strategy to construct UiO-66-NH2/SSM, and the decent properties confirm a huge potential for practical use in oil-water separation.

Electrochemically fast preparation of superhydrophobic copper mesh for high-efficiency oil spill adsorption and oil-water separation

Oily wastewater and marine oil spills are a massive environmental and human threat. Conventional oil spill treatment methods include adsorption by absorbent materials, dispersants or adsorbents, and in situ burning. Superhydrophobic materials, as a material that can achieve oil-water separation, have great potential for application in oil spill treatment. Research on superhydrophobic oil spill treatment mainly focuses on materials such as sponges and fabrics. Although these materials can effectively perform oil-water separation or oil spill adsorption, they also have the disadvantages of complicated preparation methods and high costs. Here, we present a miniature device for oil-water separation and oil spill collection and recovery. The superhydrophobic copper mesh box can be used on its own as an oil-water separation device or in combination with a commercial polyurethane sponge as a miniature oil-absorbing device. The robust copper mesh is prepared in two steps: anodizing and impregnation. The superhydrophobic copper mesh had a high oil separation flux (32,330 L m−2 h−1) and efficiency (97%), which remained high (28,560 L m−2 h−1) and efficient (95%) after 20 cycles of separation. The combined micro oil adsorption device can adsorb different oils and fats on the water surface, and it has good reusability with oil adsorption capacity and efficiency up to 15.28 g/g and 98% and still has good oil adsorption capacity (11.54 g/g) and efficiency (94.6%) after 20 cycles of adsorption. Therefore, the prepared micro oil-absorbing device has promising application prospects in oil-water separation, oil spill cleanup, etc. Environmental ImplicationThis study demonstrates a facile electrochemical approach to prepare a miniature device for high-efficiency oil-water separation and oil spill collection and recovery. The modified copper mesh's separation flux could reach 32,330 L m−2 h−1, showing great promise in oil-water separation and oil spill cleanup.

Centrifugally spun superhydrophobic fibrous membranes with core-sheath structure assisted by hyper branched polymer and via click chemistry for high efficiency oil–water separation

Superhydrophobic fibrous membranes have been widely investigated to treat oily wastewater originated from oil spills and industrial organic pollutants. However, the applications of these membranes are usually limited by complex preparation process, high modification cost, and poor durability. In this research, we developed a cost-saving approach to construct the fiber with core-sheath structure by using centrifugal spinning, which was based on the viscosity difference of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), hyperbranched unsaturated polyester (HBPU). Subsequently, the hydrophobic long chain was attended on fiber surface through the mercaptan click reaction induced by ultraviolet light, which were assisted by the plenty of double bonds supplied by HBPU. Due to the coarse structure and low surface energy of the treated fibers, the fibrous membranes exhibited super hydrophobic properties for the water contact angle high as 156°. The separation capacity for water-in-oil emulsions were up to 7562.24 L·m−2·h−1 for the flux and separation efficiency were up to 99.27 %. Additionally, the flux and separation efficiency exhibited no significant changes over 50 cycles. Therefore, we provided a unique and straightforward technique for producing superhydrophobic separation fibrous membranes.

Stabilized superhydrophobic composite membranes prepared by electrospinning for oil–water separation

AbstractIn dealing with the oil–water separation process, improving the oil–water selectivity of the membrane surface and increasing the porosity within the membrane are effective means to achieve durable and efficient oil–water separation. Therefore, polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile‐polyvinylidene fluoride/Polydimethylsiloxane Fe3O4 nanoparticles (PS/PAN‐PVDF/PDMS@Fe3O4) composite membranes with superhydrophobicity and lipophilicity were prepared by electrospinning technique. By controlling the filling concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a stable superhydrophobic and lipophilic rough structure was constructed, and micro–nano multilayer rough voids existed inside the membrane. The results showed that the composite fiber membrane exhibited exceptional superhydrophobicity (156.2°), thermal stability (338°C), mechanical properties (tensile strength of 3.0 MPa, elongation of 33.9%), and oil adsorption capacity (30–100 g/g). Moreover, even under corrosive environments, this composite fiber membrane maintained its superhydrophobic properties (above 152°) and achieved high oil–water separation efficiency (above 97%). Remarkably, after 40 cycles, the composite membrane could sustain a separation flux of 5000 L m−2 h−1. Consequently, the composite fiber membrane manufactured using this strategy exhibits promising potential for applications in oil–water separation.

Preparation of superhydrophobic membranes with ultraviolet‐absorbing capacity for oil–water separation by electrospinning

AbstractTo address the escalating issue of oily wastewater, separation membranes with special wettability on the surface are widely used in oil–water separation. The development of separation membranes with not only stable separation flux but also anti‐fouling properties is an urgent problem. Therefore, polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile‐polyvinylidene fluoride/polydimethylsiloxane‐titanium dioxide nanoparticle (PS/PAN‐PVDF/PDMS@TiO2) composite membranes with superhydrophobicity and lipophilicity were prepared by electrospinning technique. By changing the doping amount of TiO2 nanoparticles, the multilevel rough structure was constructed on the surface, and the transformation of the Ti–O–C chemical bond to the Si–O–Ti chemical bond was realized inside the composite membrane. The results showed that the composite membrane had excellent superhydrophobicity (154.9°) and mechanical properties (tensile strength of 3.54 MPa, elongation of 60.95%). The membrane can absorb ultraviolet light and exhibits enhanced resistance to fouling when exposed to visible‐UV light. Additionally, the composite membrane demonstrates an adsorption capacity of 30–100 g/g for a wide range of oils. In corrosive environments, the composite membrane maintains superhydrophobicity (above 150°) and achieves high oil–water separation efficiency (97%). After 40 cycles, the separation flux of 6000 L.h−1 m−2 can be maintained. Hence, superhydrophobic oleophilic composite membranes with a stable separation flux and resistance to fouling can be employed in the field of oil–water separation.Highlights PS/PAN‐PVDF/PDMS@TiO2 composite membrane with multilevel rough structure. PS/PAN‐PVDF/PDMS@TiO2 composite membrane with excellent UV absorption and self‐cleaning ability. PS/PAN‐PVDF/PDMS@TiO2 composite membrane with stable oil–water separation efficiency in harsh environments.

Preparation of bio-based porous material with high oil adsorption capacity from bio-polyurethane and sugarcane bagasse.

This work presents the fabrication of bio-based porous material for highly efficient removing of oil from oil/water system. The sunflower oil-based polyol was synthesized and then used to replace the petro-polyol in the simultaneous preparation of a sugarcane bagasse-polyurethane composite (SC-PU composite) by inserting sugarcane fiber filler into the PU matrix. The bio-polyol was obtained from sunflower oil with a hydroxyl number of 182 mg KOH g-1, and functionality of 3.5 OH groups per mol. The bio-polyol and the newly designed bio-based SC-PU composite were characterized by NMR, FT-IR and SEM analysis. The effect of several parameters such as bio-polyol/petro-polyol ratio, dosage of adding sugarcane fiber and size of filler particles on oil adsorption capacity of a new sorbent material were also investigated. Oil sorption capacity of the newly designed sorbent was relatively high, up to 15.2 g g-1 when 20% sugarcane bagasse with a particle size of 1 mm was added into the bio-polyurethane matrix. This is nearly four times higher than that of neat PU foam without the biomass filler and lignocellulosic materials. This finding demonstrated the importance of selecting the right components to fabricate a cost-effective, highly renewable and biodegradable sorbent with high oil-water separation efficiency, reducing the use of chemicals from fossil sources.

Superhydrophobic fluorinated metal–organic framework (MOF) devices for high-efficiency oil–water separation

A series of fluorinated UiO-66 was prepared using the bottom-up method. The composites of 2CF3-UiO-66 and cotton show excellent oil–water separation efficiency (up to 99.66%).

A novel coalescing material for high efficiency oil-water separation

Among numerous oil-water separation materials, coalescence materials have received widespread attention. In this work, we prepared a lotus leaf-shaped Janus coalescing material by physically mixing polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) first, pressing it into sheets, then single-face hydrophilic modifying by chemical oxidation method, followed by pressing into a lotus leaf shape. Finally, holes were physically punched at the upper and lower sides of the coalescing material to let the oil drops pass through freely, greatly reducing the time for oil droplets to float. The shape of lotus leaves could provide more opportunities for oil droplets to collide and coalesce. The coalescing materials had asymmetric wettability, with specific surfaces that were oleophilic on the one hand and hydrophilic on the other. The oil droplets adhered to the oleophilic side of the coalescing material, coalesced and grew, then floated up and passed through the coalescing sheet layer by layer until they reached the oil collecting port to realize oil-water separation. The structural parameters of the coalescing material were progressively optimized. The obtained coalescing material exhibited a high oil-water separation efficiency of 99.40 ± 0.5% with good stability during a 48 h continuous oil-water separation, which provided a reference for the development of efficient coalescing materials.

Fabrication of multifunctional cotton fabric with “pompon mum” shaped surface by ZIF-8 for applications in oil-water separation and anti-icing

The application of metal organic framework materials (MOFs) in superhydrophobic modification has a broad prospect. In this work, a multifunctional flexible superhydrophobic cotton fabric (PSZDC) with no fluorine, high oil-water separation efficiency, and excellent anti-icing performance was prepared through the modification of cotton fabric by dopamine (DA), ZIF-8, stearic acid (SA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). SEM and 3D ultra-depth of field stereo microscope results revealed the unique “pompon mum” shaped surface of PSZDC. ATR-FTIR, XRD, and XPS analyses confirmed the composition of the hydrophobic layer. PSZDC had a water contact angle of 165.4° and showed stability in mechanical robustness and chemical resistance tests. The oil-water separation efficiency of PSZDC was close to 100 %, and the permeation flux was as high as 36,000 (L·m−2h−1). PSZDC also exhibited excellent effect in anti-icing test, which was expected to be used as ice rescue suits and oil-water separation materials. In addition, this method was universal and repeatable, as evidenced by its application to four common fabrics: nylon-6, polyester, wool, and silk.

Durable underwater super-oleophobic/super-hydrophilic conductive polymer membrane for oil-water separation.

Oily sewage has made serious impact on environment and people's life, and its treatment has become a global problem to be urgently solved. Oil-water separation has been considered to be an effective method to treat oily sewage at present. In this work, an underwater super-oleophobic/super-hydrophilic membrane with oil-water separation and self-cleaning properties was fabricated by electrochemical oxidation of sodium lignosulfonate doped polypyrrole. The membrane showed super-hydrophilicity for water-removal in air and super-hydrophilicity for oil-removal underwater in both oxidation and reduction states. The oil-water separation efficiency of the membranes for different organics exceeded 98.44%, no matter in oxidation or reduction state. Moreover, the membrane still exhibited excellent performance in terms of the oil-water separation efficiency and flux after 70 cycles, which were greater than 97.18% and 70.14 L·m-2·h-1, respectively. Simultaneously, through exploration of the mechanism, it was found that the larger anion kept intact in the membrane during the redox process, which made the stability of composition and performance. Thus, the membrane with advantageous properties, including underwater super-oleophobic/super-hydrophilicity, high oil-water separation efficiency, high circulating rate and stability, has significant potential in separation and collection of oily sewage.

Swan feather-spired fluorine-free superhydrophobic self-cleaning cotton cloth with strong oil-water separation function

With the increasing demand of oil-water separation, superhydrophobic materials have garnered tremendous research attention due to their excellent oil-water separation efficiency. However, the biological toxicity and poor durability of fluorine-containing compounds in superhydrophobic materials severely restrict their application. In this work, inspired by the superhydrophobic/lipophilic swan feathers, we proposed a two-stage thiol-ene click reaction strategy to fabricate a fluorine-free superhydrophobic and super-lipophilic oil/water separation membrane (Cotton-S-PB-SiO2). Firstly, based on this thiol-ene click reaction, the rubber molecular chain 1,2-polybutadiene (1,2-PB) with low surface energy was coated with cotton fiber through chemical bonds. Subsequently, the coated cotton fiber was employed to establish chemical bonds with silica. The Cotton-S-PB-SiO2 possessed low surface energy and abundant micro-nano structures. Meanwhile, the Cotton-S-PB-SiO2 showed extremely high wettability selectivity to water and oil phases. The flux reached 44,554 L m−2 h−1, and the separation efficiency for immiscible oil/water mixtures was above 99.9 %. More remarkably, the Cotton-S-PB-SiO2 demonstrated excellent anti-fouling and operation stability even under some harsh environments such as strong acid, alkali, salt, etc. The prepared self-cleaning cotton cloth provides insights toward mild, low-cost and high-efficiency oil-water separation.

Electrospun nanoscale bent fibrous membrane with controllable porous structure and hydrophilic modification for high-efficiency oil-water separation, particle/bacterial filtration and antibacterial applications

Electrospun nanofiber membranes' pore structure and hydrophilicity are essential for water filtration. Pore size may be efficiently lowered in this work by decreasing the fiber diameter, changing the fiber morphology, and constructing a silicon hybrid hydrophilic coating. The hydrophilic nanofiber membranes have a small pore size (0.72 μm) and an extremely low diameter (73.5 nm). Meanwhile, the synergistic combination of catechol (CA) and tannic acid (TA) with γ-(2, 3-epoxypropyl) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) resulted in the formation of a homogenous silicon hybrid hydrophilic coating on the surface of the fiber membrane. The hydrophilic nanofiber membrane has an outstanding hydrophilicity (WCA = 28.3°), excellent oil-in-water emulsion separation efficiency (>99.0%), extremely high particle filtration efficiency (>99.0%), and an LRV value of more than 7.50 for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). At 6.0 mg/mL, the antibacterial efficiency was 80% against E. coli and 96% against S. aureus. The preparation of such hydrophilic membranes can provide a novel strategy for high-quality design and development that can be applied to various water filtration applications.