High Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol Research Articles

The determinants of leptin, angiopoietin like 8, and thyroid hormones levels in Saudi females with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, as measured by hormone levels, in Saudi women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study will also assess thyroid hormones and leptin, angiopoietin like 8 (ANGPTL8), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2D patients. A total of 250 women aged 40 to 60 years with T2DM were retrospectively studied between 2021 and 2022. This research examined medical records for T2DM patients. In this investigation, no T2DM patients had thyroid autoantibodies in their medical records. These patients were chosen for their FT4 and TSH values. All participants were Saudi females with T2DM, aged 54.5 years. Of the 250 participants, 32% had hypothyroidism, 14.8% had hyperthyroidism, and 40.8% (102) had no thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism (7.8 ± 0.67 mmol/L) exhibited greater fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than hyperthyroidism (7.1 ± 0.64 mmol/L) (P < .05). Hypothyroid and hyperthyroid females had significant differences in high density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), triglycerides, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, ANGPTL8, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin levels (P < .05). Pearson's correlation test showed that T2DM patients' HDL-C levels were favorably but negatively correlated with leptin and ANGPTL8 levels. In hypothyroidism, thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) is favorably linked with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyscride (TG), TyG index, BMI, WC, leptin, ANGPTL8, hs-CRP, and IR. T2DM is linked to thyroid malfunction, notably hypothyroidism, which correlates positively with TSH. TSH variations due to increasing leptin, ANGPTL8, and TyG index may enhance the risk of insulin resistance diseases, such as obesity and CVD, in Saudi females with T2DM.

Dietary acid load modifies the effects of ApoA2–265 T > C polymorphism on lipid profile and serum leptin and ghrelin levels among type 2 diabetic patients

This investigation with aimed the effect of APOA2–265 T > C polymorphism and dietary acid load (DAL) as either potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) intake interaction on metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In present cross-sectional study, 737 patients with T2DM (290 men and 447 women) were enlisted from diabetes centers in Tehran. The dietary intakes of all participants during the last year was acquired by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency (FFQ) questionnaire. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping the APOA2–265 T > C. Biochemical indises containing leptin, ghrelin, total cholesterol (Bailey et al., J Clin Invest 97:1147–1453, 1996), low-density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), high sensitivy C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and interleukin 18 (IL18) were measured by standard method. Atherogenic indices (AIP, AC, CR-I, CR-II) were calculated. The gene-diet interactions were evaluated using an GLM. The frequency overall prevalence of rs5082 genotypes was 63.82 and 36.17% for T-allele and C-allele respectively. TG, Ghrelin, and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher among carriers with C allele than TT homozygotes. However, TC/CC genotypes have lower PTX3 than TT homozygotes (P < 0.05). C-allele carriers had highest mean of BMI (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.006), WC (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.04), TC (PNEAP=0.03, PPRAL = 0.01), ghrelin (PNEAP=0.01, PPRAL = 0.04), and leptin (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.03) when placed in top tertiles of NEAP and PRAL.BMI, WC, TC, ghrelin, and leptin levels may be modified in C carriers by decreasing DAL, though, further investigations are required to confirm these findings.

Maternal lipid levels in pregnant women without complications in developing risk of large for gestational age newborns: a study of meta-analysis.

Background: Circulating into foetal circulation across the placental barrier, abnormal maternal serum lipids predispose neonates to metabolic dysfunction and thereafter affect the steroid metabolism and functions of extra-embryonic foetal tissues. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed-MEDLINE and the Cochrane library between January 2010 and January 2020. The included studies were English case control studies that described original data on at least one raw lipid measurement during pregnancy in healthy women who delivered large for gestational age (LGA) newborns and in healthy women with non-LGA newborns. The data extracted from 12 studies were pooled, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) in lipid levels was calculated using random effects models. A meta-analysis was performed to identify sources of heterogeneity and to describe the significant value of the collected studies. Results: Of 649 published articles identified, a total of 12 met the inclusion criteria . Compared with women who had non-LGA newborns, those who had LGA newborns had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.54) and lower high density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C) levels (WMD = 0.08, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.03), but not have significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Moreover, the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were inconsistent between both groups. Conclusions: High levels of TG and low levels of HDL-C could cause births of LGA newborns whereas maternal serum of TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C cannot be used as predictor of LGA.

Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Efficacy of Apigenin in Hydrogen Peroxide induced Oxidative Stress in Adult Male Rats

This study was conducted to assess the role of apigenin extracted from parsley seeds either in glycosidic(aqueous extract) or aglycone forms (organic solvent extract), comparing to butylated hydroxyl tolouene(BHT)in serum lipid profile and brain tissue peroxidation in H2O2 induced oxidative stress adult male rats.The yield of crude flavonoids from parsley seeds was found to be approximately 2.65% and thin layerchromatography techniques confirmed that apigenin is the main flavonoid with RF similar to that of thestandard apigenin.Experimentally induction of oxidative stress in male rats by 0.75% H2O2 in drinking water for eight weeksshowed a significant alterations in normal serum lipid profile manifested by significant elevation (p&lt;0.05)in total cholesterol, Triacyle glycerol (TAG), Low density lipoprotein-Cholestrol (LDL-C) and Very lowdensity lipoprotein-Cholestrol (VLDL-C) and a significant decrease in High density lipoprotein-Cholestrol(HDL-C) as compared to the control and BHT treated groups. On the other hand, daily oral administrationof apigenin in a dose of 150 mg/Kg B.W. to H2O2 treated groups were caused a significant correction of thelipid profile parameters.Examination of brain tissues of H2O2 and apigenin concurrent H2O2 treated rats showed a significant decrease(p&lt;0.05) in brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant elevation in catalase and cholinesteraseactivities in apigenin and BHT treated groups comparing with H2O2 treated and control groups.

Maternal lipid levels in pregnant women without complications in developing risk of large for gestational age newborns: a meta-analysis.

Background: Circulating into foetal circulation across the placental barrier, abnormal maternal serum lipids predispose neonates to metabolic dysfunction and thereafter affect the steroid metabolism and functions of extra-embryonic foetal tissues. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed-MEDLINE and the Cochrane library between January 2010 and January 2020. The included studies were English case control studies that described original data on at least one raw lipid measurement during pregnancy in healthy women who delivered large for gestational age (LGA) newborns and in healthy women with non-LGA newborns. The data extracted from 12 studies were pooled, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) in lipid levels was calculated using random effects models. A meta-analysis was performed to identify sources of heterogeneity and to describe the significant value of the collected studies. Results: Of 643 publications identified, a total of 12 met the inclusion criteria . Compared with women who had non-LGA newborns, those who had LGA newborns had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.54) and lower high density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C) levels (WMD = 0.08, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.03), but not have significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Moreover, the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were inconsistent between both groups. Conclusions: High levels of TG and low levels of HDL-C could cause births of LGA newborns whereas maternal serum of TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C cannot be used as predictor of LGA.

Effects of puerarin on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

To investigate the therapeutic effects of puerarin on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM models were established by high fat and high glucose feeding combined with a one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Then the rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, metformin group (MET, 40 mg/kg), puerarin low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group (40, 80, 160 mg/kg), n=10. After the model was successfully established, rats were treated with corresponding drug intervention by intragastrical administration for 4 weeks. The body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured per week, and blood samples were collected 24 h after the last administration, and serum levels of blood glucose, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), serum enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and blood uric acid (UA) were measured. As compared with normal group, the body weight was decreased after 4 weeks-intervention in the model group, and the levels of FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, BUN, SCr and UA were all increased,while HDL-C level was decreased (P＜0.05). As compared with model group,the body weight was increased after 4 weeks-intervention in metformin group and puerarin groups, and the levels of FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, BUN, SCr and UA were decreased (P＜0.01); meanwhile, HDL-C level was increased significantly (P＜0.05). Puerarin can reduce the weight loss of T2DM rats, decrease the blood lipid and blood glucose levels of T2DM rats, which can be used to control T2DM.

Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Lipid Profile and Expression of Interleukin-6 in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Wistar Rat Model.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common but complex endocrine disorder and is the major cause of anovulation and consequent subfertility. In this study the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (LDL-C) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in PCOS Wistar rats were assessed. In this experimental study, 84 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n=12) including control (intact), Sham (estradiol valerate solvent injection), control PCOS and 4 experimental PCOS groups. To induce the syndrome, a single subcutaneous injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate was applied. In experimental groups, PCOS rats were treated with different doses of 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) GSE by intraperitoneal injection for 10 consecutive days. After harvesting blood serum, TG was measured by Glycerol-3-phosphate Oxidase-Peoxidase (GPOPAP), TC by Cholesterol Oxidase-Peroxidase (CHOD-PAP), and HDL-C by sedimentation method, LDL-C by Friedwald calculation and IL-6 by ELISA method. The serum values of each parameter were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at P≤0.05. In all experimental groups significant decrease of visceral fat was obvious as compared with control PCOS group. LDL-C, TC and IL-6 levels in experimental groups, particularly at dose of 50 mg/kg of GSE, were significantly decreased as compared with PCOS group. However, HDL-C levels were not significantly changed. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that GSE with its effects on serum TC, LDL-C and IL-6 could reduce the effects of dyslipidemia and inflammation in PCOS rats and improve systemic symptoms of PCOS.

Correlations of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Correlations of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Accuracy of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile for the Assessment of Lipoprotein Coronary Risk.

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of non-fasting lipid profile in the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, taking fasting lipid profile as gold standard, in adult population. Cross-sectional validation study. Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from July to December 2014. One hundred seventy-five adult patients coming for fasting lipid profile were included; their non-fasting samples were taken on the next day. Patients on anti-cholesterol treatment and indoor patients were excluded. Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), and triglycerides were measured by direct enzymatic colorimetric method by Modular p-800®. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by Friedewald's formula, but when triglyceride was greater than 4.5 mmol/l, then LDL-C was measured directly by homogenous enzymatic colorimetric method. Non-HDL-C was calculated by simple equation, i.e. TC-HDL-C. Non-fasting lipid profile had 93% specificity , 51% sensitivity, 94% positive predictive value and 49% negative predictive value; and 65% accuracy with 7.28 positive likelihood ratio and 0.52 negative likelihood ratio. Non-fasting TC and non-HDL-C were significantly higher than fasting TC and non-HDL-C by mean difference of 0.2 mmol/l each with p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively. Fasting and non fasting HDL-C are comparable to each other with mean difference of 0.01 mmol/l (p=0.745). Receiver operating curve (ROC) of non-fasting non-HDL-C showed 0.804 (95%CI (0.738-0.870), (p=0.000) area under the curve (AUC) indicating that it was a significant test for ruling out hyperlipidemia. Bland-Altmann plot showed a significant difference between non-fasting, non-HDL-C and fasting LDL-C and non-fasting, non-HDL-C -0.087540 with bias -0.00109; therefore, these cannot be alternative to each other. Diagnostic accuracy of non-fasting lipid profile was found significantly higher than fasting lipid profile (p=0.004) for the assessment of lipoprotein coronary risk on the basis of non-HDL-C, which seemed to be significant test for ruling out hyperlipidemia.

Effect of L-arginine and Selenium on Metabolic Features, Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Function Tests in Obese Women

To investigate the beneficial effect of L-arginine and selenium along with hypocaloric diet on metabolic features, insulin resistance and hepatic function tests this study were conducted on women with central obesity. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken among 68 premenopausal women with central obesity. After 2 weeks of run-in period of an isocaloric diet, participants were randomly assigned into four groups of hypocaloric control diet (HCD), Larginine (5 g / d) + HCD, selenium (200 µg / d) + HCD, or L-arginine + selenium + HCD for 6 weeks. The following variables were assessed at baseline (start of intervention) and 3 and 6 weeks after intervention: Waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartat aminotransferase (AST). When t-test was used for data analysis, HCD reduced SBP (P = 0.009) and TG (P = 0.05); HCD + L-arginine reduced WC more than HCD (P = 0.008); HCD + Selenium reduced fasting serum concentration of ALT (P = 0.007); and selenium reduced fasting serum concentrations of insulin (P = 0.05) and HOMA - IR (P = 0.04), after 6 weeks of interventions. The study showed beneficial effects of L-arginine on central obesity, selenium on insulin resistance and hepatic function and HCD on blood pressure and serum lipid profile.

Effect of rosuvastatin on inflammatory factors and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Carotid atherosclerosis is closely related with ischemic stroke occurrence, development and recurrence. This study aims to make an evaluation of the effects of rosuvastatin on inflammatory factors, serum lipid and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke. In this study, 98 patients with acute ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis were given oral administration of rosuvastatin calcium (10 mg once every night), and the course of treatment was 6 months. After treatment, the changes of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and blood lipid were measured, as well as carotid atherosclerotic intima-media thickness (IMT) and the calculation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque score. According to the examination results, after 6 months' treatment with rosuvastatin, serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL-C) decreased significantly (P < 0.01, for all), while high-density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C) increased significantly (P < 0.01); the total number of plaque reduced, while the number of stable plaque increased (P < 0.05); carotid artery IMT and carotid artery plaque score decreased significantly (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between before and after treatment. The results of this study show that rosuvastatin plays a role in anti-inflammation and alleviates the degree of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.

Placental expression of lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase in women with severe preeclampsia

Objective To investigate the effect of abnormal lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Methods Thirty women with severe preeclampsia who delivered by cesarean section in the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital from November 1,2011 to June 30,2012,were included as the study group.Thirty normal pregnant women delivered during the same period by cesarean section were included as the control group.The mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL) in the placentas were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The expression of LPL/EL protein was detected by Western-blot assay and the distribution on the placenta was determined by immunohistochemical staining.The maternal serum level of lipid markers was detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.Difference between the two groups was compared with t-test or rank-sum test.Results (1) The triglyceride (TG) concentration [(3.35±0.80) mmol/L vs (2.75± 0.92) mmol/L,t =3.082,P=0.003] and atherosclerosis index (AI) (2.76±0.46 vs 2.47±0.34,t=3.066,P=0.003) increased in the study group compared with the control group,while the concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-c) decreased[(1.64 ± 0.34) mmol/L vs (1.85 ± 0.22) mmol/L,t=-3.157,P =0.003].(2) The median level of LPL mRNA expression in placenta of the study group was higher than that of the control [1.26 (0.46-1.58) vs 0.52 (0.34-0.84),Z=-2.587,P=0.010],whereas the expression of EL mRNA was lower [0.65 (0.48-0.76) vs 1.32 (0.94-1.62),Z=-4.154,P=0.000].(3) Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the placenta EL and LPL located in cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast cells at the materno-placental interface and of endothelial cells at the feto-placental interface.(4) Compared with the control group,the median level of LPL protein expression in placenta inthe study group increased [0.68(0.46-0.83) vs 0.31(0.15-0.55),Z=3.335,P=0.001],and the expression of EL protein decreased [0.13 (0.11 0.16) vs 0.70(0.56 0.81),Z=-5.711,P=0.000].The expression of LPL protein was negatively correlated with that of EL protein (r=-0.501,P=0.000).Conclusions Abnormal lipid metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia. Key words: Pre-eclampsia; Lipoprotein lipase; Endothelial lipase; Placenta

Medical check-up of Biochemical Parameters for Polycythemic Patients Aimed to Improving Smoking Cessation

Smoking should be considered at an early stage in the differential diagnosis of unexplained polycythemia and to avoid inappropriate treatment and also to motivate the patient to stop.Fourty two patients with secondary polycythemia seen in the outpatient clinic of Baghdad teaching hospital, Medical City over the period from Jan.2008 to Jan. 2010. Total number of patients was 42 patients; follow up was done only to 30 patients with secondary polycythemia who managed to reduce theircigarette consumption. Many results were significantly different between heavy smokers and reduced smokers. The hematocrit, leukocyte count and levels oftotal cholesterol, hemoglobin and triglyceride were significantly higher in heavy smokers, than light smokers, while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholestrol was significantly lower. The weight of the patients and their blood pressure were not changed befor and after reduce smoking. Secondary polycythemia and all related measurments are smoking-related abnormal finding; physicians should know the effects of smoking on medical check-up to improve their disease, prevention and health promotion activities.

Severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and early overfeeding induce metabolic syndrome in adult offsprings in rats

Objective To explore the metabolic phenotype of the adult offspring rats with maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and overfeeding in early life. Methods The adult Wistar rats were administered intraperitoneally with 20% Streptozotocin （STZ, 50 rng/kg） on day 5 of pregnancy to induce severely gestational diabetes mellitus （SDM） model （blood glucose 20 mmol/L）. Early postnatal overfeeding models were established through reduction of the number of newborn rats fed by one mother rat. Offsprings were divided into 3 groups according to maternal blood glucose level during the pregnancy and feeding patterns during the lactation period （1） control pups （CP） ：maternal euglycemia was achieved during pregnancy and eight pups fed by one mother rat;（2） SDM-normal feeding group： SDM mothers and 8 pups fed by one mother rat; （3） SDM-overfeeding group：SDM mother and 4 pups fed by one mother rat. All pups were fed by standard laboratory chow adlibitum after weaning at 3 weeks of age. The body weight of all pups were measured weekly after weaning. At the age of 26 weeks, the systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, heart rate （HR） and metabolic markers, including fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, fasting insulin （FINS）, total triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC） , low density lipoprotein-cholestrol （LDL C） and high density lipoprotein-cholestrol （HDL C） were measured in all 3 groups. ANOVA and LSD test were applied in statistical analysis. Results The average plasma glucose level was significantly higher in the SDM mothers than in the controls [（28. 3±5.14） mmol/L vs （6.25±1.41） retool/L, P〈0. 05]. After weaning at 3 weeks, the weight of SDM-overfeeding group and SDM-normal feeding group was lighter than that of CP group [（43.63±4.83） g, （31.45±10.21） g vs （55.75±8.41） g, P〈0. 05], meanwhile, that of the SDM-overfeeding group were heavier than that of the SDM-normal feeding group （P〈 0.05）. Pups in SDM-overfeeding group exhibited catchup growth during the lactation period, and those in SDM normal group showed catchup growth at both lactation period and childhood. At 26 weeks of age, the systolic blood pressure and TG level of pups in SDM-normal feeding and overfeeding group were （153.31±13.91） mm Hg and （147.21± 12.29） mm Hg, and （0.73±0.22） mmol/L and （0.71±0.49） mmol/L, respectively, which were higher than those of the CP group[（132.21± 11.26） mm Hg, and （0.37 ± 0.08） mmol/L, P〈0.05], but no significant difference was found between the two SDM groups （P〉0.05）. There was no difference in FPG levels among the three groups, but the FINS level and HOMA IR in the SDM-overfeeding group were higher than in theSDM normal feeding and CP group [（12.552±3.260） mU/L vs （9.067±1.782） mU/L and （8. 590 ±0.806） mU/L, 2. 400 ± 0.624 vs 1. 797 ± 0.508 and 1.729 ± 0.246; P〈0.05]. Conclusions Fetal exposure to maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy may lead to low birth weight infant who will exhibit postnatal catch-up growth. This may lead to the increased risk of metabolic syndrome in the offspings when they grow up, and this process would be accelerated by early overfeeding. Key words: Pregnancy complications; Hyperglycemia; Breast feeding; Rat; Metabolic syndrome X

History of depression, race, and cardiovascular risk in CARDIA.

Though previous data indicate a positive association between depression and coronary heart disease, the mechanisms mediating these associations remain unclear. These prospective analyses assessed the association between history of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale depression and possible mediators of cardiovascular risk at Year 15 of follow-up in African Americans (AA) and Caucasians (C) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Physiological assessments included plasma levels of low-density-lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL), high-density-lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose, diabetes and blood pressure. Behavioral risk factors included alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). AA's showed significant associations between history of depression and diabetes that did not exist in Cs and AA women had significantly more episodes of depression than any other group. However, associations of depression with smoking, BMI, and physical activity were consistent across groups in the expected direction. HDL-cholesterol was positively and LDL-cholesterol inversely associated with depression in Cs, which was unexpected. These data indicate that in this still healthy cohort, there are already associations between depression and factors that predispose to cardiovascular risk.

Inflammatory processes in Kawasaki disease reach their peak at the sixth day of fever onset: laboratory profiles according to duration of fever.

We evaluated the inflammatory indices according to the fever duration in children with Kawasaki disease (KD), and determined duration when the inflammatory processes in KD reach their peak. Children with KD (n=152) were classified into 7 groups according to fever duration: at the third day or earlier (n=20), fourth (n=33), fifth (n=46), sixth (n=15), seventh (n=15), eighth (n=9), and at the ninth day or later after fever onset (n= 14). The levels of various laboratory indices were determined 3 times: before, 24 hr and 7 days after intravenous immunoglobulin administration (2 g/kg). WBC and neutrophil counts, and C-reactive protein level were the highest at the sixth day. Levels of hemoglobin, albumin, and high density lipoprotein cholestrol were the lowest at the sixth day. Although these indices were not significant statistically between groups, the indices showed either bell-shaped or U-shaped distribution of which peak or trench were at the sixth day. These findiugs showed that the inflammatory processes in KD reach peak on the sixth day of fever onset. This finding is important because a higher single-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment before the peak day may help reduce the coronary artery lesions in KD.

Serum Lipid and Lipoproteins Concentrations in Obese Children as Atherogenic Risk Factors

AbstractNine hundred and ninety‐eight obese children aged 6 to 15 years participated in the present study. Fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol values were measured and the relationship between obesity and abnormalities of serum lipids and lipoproteins was assessed. The results were as follows: 1. Obese children were more likely than non‐obese children to have elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL‐C(low density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels and reduced HDL‐C (high density lipoprotein cholestrol) levels. 2. The more the relative body weight index increased, the worse the abnormalities of serum lipids and lipoproteins became. This tendency was marked in junior high‐school boys. 3. Hypercholesterolemia in obese children was mostly accounted for by LDL‐C only and elevated HDL‐C could not be detected.

The role of plasma lipids in carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis.

The severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis correlates with increased plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides and with decreased plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The role of plasma lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of cerebral atherosclerosis, however, is less clear. Several investigators report that lipoprotein abnormalities correlate inversely with the incidence of cerebral infarction. We analyzed risk factors for carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis in 121 consecutive patients who underwent cerebral angiography. This analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the plasma TC/HDL-C ratio and the extent of carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis (p = 0.01). The extent of atherosclerosis correlated inversely with plasma concentrations of HDL-C (p = 0.02). Triglyceride concentration correlated positively with the extent of atherosclerosis with marginal significance (p = 0.07). LDL-C and TC concentrations did not correlate with bifurcation atherosclerosis (p greater than 0.1). Only 4% of the variation in the extent of bifurcation atherosclerosis was explicable on the basis of plasma lipoprotein concentrations.

Role of Lipoprotein Metabolism in Kawasaki Disease (Acute Febrile Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

AbstractThe role of inflammatory disease int he formation of arteriosclerosis has been the subject of discussion for many years. We considered that the arterioscleriotic changes in Kawasaki disease might be a model of arteriosclerosis resulting from acute inflammation. And judging from observation of the changes in serum cholestrol values and high density lipoprotein cholestrol values of patients with Kawasaki disease, which were ontained during the period from the acute stage to the convalescent stage and also during the first few years after the onset, we estimated that the acceleration of vascular permeability and the lipoprotein cholestrol changes which had been caused from the systemic vasculitis with endotherial cell injury.