High Degree Of Internationalization Research Articles

Path to Success for College English Majors: Reflection Based on the Investigation

With the rapid popularization of intelligent technology, the employment of English majors was facing more and more challenges. Both students and parents were confused about the narrow employment of foreign language majors. In this sense, foreign language majors in colleges and universities should not only focus on language learning and research, but also focus on language as a tool to engage in other professional learning or practice activities with a higher degree of internationalization. This study will interview college English majors through questionnaires to investigate their understanding of English major goals, their future career planning, and their suggestions on school curriculum setting and teaching methods. This study believes that the cultivation of college foreign language talents should make necessary adjustments according to the talent needs of the current environment, innovate the teaching model and teaching method to adapt to the constantly changing society, enhance the interdisciplinary consciousness, and pave the way for the success of students, which has practical significance for the success and development of English majors. At the same time, it helps to cultivate practical and applied talents under the current environment.

Dynamic relations between housing Markets, stock Markets, and uncertainty in global Cities: A Time-Frequency approach

This paper considers the dynamic features of housing prices in metropolises that are characterised by a high degree of internationalisation. Using the wavelet coherency procedure, the degree of co-movement and causality between housing, stock markets, and macroeconomic uncertainty are investigated. In addition, the existence of volatility spillover across housing markets is assessed in the time–frequency domain using a novel procedure that involves combining the wavelet decomposition with a time varying parameter vector autoregression model. The results highlight that the clustering of global business in a limited number of metropolises that act as “global hubs” leaves the local housing markets exposed to international shocks and volatility spillover. The empirical analysis suggests that the correlations between real estate and stock markets from one side, and real estates and uncertainty on the other side, intensify during the turmoil periods. Causality and co-movement relationships appear predominately in the medium and long run periods. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that policymakers cannot ignore the possibility that international shocks to housing markets may affect the domestic markets. In this respect, macroprudential policy tools may target tapering off the unintended effects of housing market globalisation such as house price shock synchronisation, especially when these shocks take place in cities that are also major financial centres.

The causes and measures of Chinese animation mainly for young age

Animation industry has a high degree of internationalization, a wide range of consumer groups, large market demand, long product life cycle, high added value and other characteristics (1). In recent years, China’s market economy tends to mature, and the animation market has great potential, however, the animation industry is still in a strategic period and no real industrialization has been formed. Although China’s animation business has made some achievements in diversification and exploration of all ages, the current achievements cannot shake the whole market of low age, and animation content at a young age is still the main constraint for the development of domestic animation. It is realized that animation works have multiple meanings and cannot be regarded as educational symbols in line with children’s view. By sorting out the development context and general situation of animation, this article analyzes the reasons for the low age of animation, and w a series of solutions to solve the reasons, so as to promote the transition of animation industry from the low age to the full age group as soon as possible, promote the animation market to form a sustainable development model, and lay the foundation for the animation industry to achieve qualitative leap.

Launching new products in international markets: waterfall versus sprinkler strategy of Korean SMEs

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate an understudied topic—new product strategy in international markets. Specifically, this study aims to address the crucial role played by organizational characteristics and market characteristics in determining a firm's decision of adopting either a waterfall or a sprinkler product strategy for international markets.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis was conducted using survey data collected from a sample of 171 Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study uses logistic regression analysis to test the relationships among organizational characteristics, market characteristics and a firm's international product strategy.FindingsThe empirical results suggest that firm characteristics, such as higher degree of internationalization, lead the firms to choose the sprinkler strategy. Moreover, this research finds that a firm's choice between the waterfall and the sprinkler strategy varies depending on market characteristics such as competitive intensity and market turbulence. The findings indicate that the sprinkler strategy is more optimal for use when firms operate under a high level of competitive intensity, whereas a waterfall strategy is more suitable for firms that encounter a high level of market turbulence in targeted foreign markets.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the international marketing literature by exploring the impact of organizational characteristics and market characteristics on a firm's new product strategy in international markets.

Impacts of Firm Internationalization, Corporate Governance, and Financial Performance on Dividend Policy — A Case Study of Taiwan Listed Firms

The capital market considers the corporate governance system when evaluating and investing in firms to cope with changes and challenges from firm internationalization. In response to the need for global economic development, Taiwan firms have enhanced their competitiveness to meet international standards and link with the world economy. A good corporate governance mechanism can bring good operating performance to a firm. The cash dividends declared each year reflects the operating status of the firm and explains its profitability and value each year, providing relevant and significant information for institutional and ordinary investors to make investment decisions. This study took Taiwan listed firms as the research object. Based on the annual data from 2005 to 2019 in the enterprise business database of the Taiwan Economic Journal, constructed a panel data regression model combining time-series and cross-sectional data. The aim was to empirically investigate and analyze the correlation of firm internationalization, corporate governance, and financial performance indicators with corporate cash dividend payouts. The findings showed that after the variables of firm internationalization, financial performance, and corporate governance were combined, the export ratio (a variable representing firm internationalization) positively impacted corporate dividend payouts. In other words, the higher degree of internationalization, the more cash dividends paid by the firm. In corporate governance, a firm with a higher shareholding ratio of financial institutions showed significantly more cash dividends. Regarding financial performance indicators, a firm with higher recurring earnings per share showed significantly fewer cash dividends

An alternative assessment approach to national higher education system evaluation

While the assessment of higher education systems is informative to both policy makers and individuals, it is subjective and performed according to experts’ judgment. The present study proposes a relatively objective approach, hierarchical data envelopment analysis (H-DEA), to rank higher education systems. Unlike the subjective approach, H-DEA utilizes endogenous weight determination, allowing assessors to identify the relative importance of each attribute and subattribute. Utilizing the U21 Ranking of National Higher Education System 2020 data, our analysis indicates that the output attribute is a crucial factor influencing the overall performance of higher education systems, even considering countries’ stage of development and culture. The computed weights of the H-DEA framework show various attributes’ different contributions by group. Resources allocated to the higher education system are important for developing countries, while a high degree of internationalization and a strong link between academia and industry matter for advanced countries. Surprisingly, Asian and Western cultures experience similar performance in their higher education systems, reflecting the Asian higher education system’s development toward the Western style. The performance of countries with non-Asian–non-Western cultures, as expected, lags behind, and putting more resources into these countries’ higher education system is a way to enhance the overall performance.

The Language Of Viticulture In ESP. Vocabulary Teaching Techniques For Horticulture Students

English is a useful and necessary tool for any ESP student and so too horticulture students will need English in their future careers. Therefore, being able to communicate effectively and use the language in their field appropriately will help their business and increase their level of professionalism. This article will explore various techniques for the teaching of specialized horticultural vocabulary, in particular the terminological aspects of viticulture and viniculture which together form an important and widespread branch of horticulture with high degree of internationalization, given the rising popularity of wine and grape growing around the world. While each branch of ESP deals with its own unique features, so too English for horticulture and its subdivision, viticulture, has its own challenges in terms of vocabulary, of the equivalence between L1 and English and of usage. This article will analyze such particularities and explore ways in which various levels of specialized vocabulary can be taught to students in an engaging and effective manner.

Internationalization in the Digital Age: The Role of Cultural Distance and Industry Dynamism

This study examines the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the degree of internationalization by focusing on multinational enterprises (MNEs). We argue that ICT helps MNEs to reduce internally as well as externally transaction costs in an international context, resulting in a higher degree of internationalization. We further argue that the positive impact becomes more pronounced under the the condition of high cultural distance and a high level of industry dynamism. Our empirical results are strongly congruent with our hypotheses. We used a panel dataset from four major European countries, consisting of 567 firm year observations from 2011-2017. Overall, our study contributes to the emerging research stream about internationalization in the digital age. It shows that ICT acts as a filter for uncertainty ex-post and ex-ante in the internationalization process.

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE COMPUTER TERMS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Nowadays more and more attention in linguistics is paid to the linguistic analysis of special vocabulary of various branches of knowledge. The terms explain various special concepts that form terminological systems. And each terminological system outlines the system of concepts of individual sciences, scientific directions, phenomena of different branches of knowledge. The article examines the structure and attempts to identify the classification features of terminology related to the field of computer technology in Russian and Ukrainian. A number of researches and views of scientists on the definition of “term”, “terminology”, “structure” are analyzed. The opinion of scientists who studied the translation of computer terms and covered the problems of terminology in general is taken into account. Modern works in the field of computer terminology are researched, thematic directions of computer vocabulary development are revealed and classified. The object of research is computer terminology, and the subject – the peculiarities of their structure and construction. The terms of both Slavic languages were classified according to the method of creation, ie morphological features, as well as according to the method of combining components, compared and certain conclusions were made. An attempt is made to outline the structural features of computer terms and word-forming processes in them in order to comprehensively study them in the Ukrainian and Russian languages. Simultaneous analysis of computer terms in Ukrainian and Russian revealed a significant number of borrowings of Latin origin or terms created on the basis of elements of Latin words. The analysis shows that most monosyllabic terms are formed by interlingual borrowings. A sign of today is also the use of computer terminology in oral speech, which leads to the formation of uncodified vocabulary with its own structure – computer jargon as a means of intercultural communication. It is noted that the process of borrowing from English continues, which characterizes the terminology in both Slavic languages with a high degree of internationalization. Based on the research of scientists, the basic principles of further development of computer terminology in both languages have been formulated.

Global Cities and Local Housing Market Cycles

In this paper, we consider the dynamic features of house price in metropolises that are characterised by a high degree of internationalisation. Using a generalised smooth transition (GSTAR) model we show that the dynamic symmetry in house price cycles is strongly rejected for the housing markets considered in this paper. Further, we conduct an out-of-sample forecast comparison of the GSTAR with a linear AR model for the metropolises under consideration. We find that the use of nonlinear models to forecast house prices, in most cases, generate improvements in forecast performance.

Strategies of social (re)production within international higher education: the case of Swiss hospitality management schools

Globalisation has led to the transformation of the field of higher education, including an increase in international students’ mobility and new offers of internationalised educational curricula “at home”. This evolution provides new opportunities for both intentional and non-intentional strategies of educational internationalisation, which are a potentially important part of the social mobility and reproduction of the middle and upper classes. This article investigates the students of Swiss hospitality management schools (SHMSs)—institutions of higher education that are often privately run and characterised by a high degree of internationalisation. We explore the configurations of these students’ “cosmopolitan capital” (a combination of cultural, linguistic, social, and institutionalised assets acquired through transnational mobility or exposure to an international environment), and we ask how these configurations vary with regards to their social backgrounds, specifically concerning their proximity to the cultural versus the economic pole of the class structure. We carried out a multiple correspondence analysis of three dimensions of cosmopolitan capital of 381 students, used cluster analysis to identify five configurations of cosmopolitanism and then tested for the social characteristics of these students’ parents by using a multinomial regression model. Our results showed various strategies of the accumulation, conversion and legitimation of cosmopolitan capital, and they emphasised the role that this form of capital plays in the mobility and reproduction strategies of these students’ families.

Debt financing puzzle and internationalization

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relation between long-term debt and internationalization in the presence of the agency costs of debt and business risk.Design/methodology/approachSample firms consist of 517 non-financial listed firms in Malaysia, with 4,197 firm-year observations from the year 2000 to 2014. This study uses panel data regressions and a series of robustness tests to examine the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that multinational corporations (MNCs) are more likely to sustain less long-term debt than domestic corporations (DCs) to mitigate the costs related to agency problem and firm risk. Meanwhile, foreign-based MNCs maintain less long-term debt than local-based firms, and the finding is more significant at a higher degree of internationalization. Robustness tests confirm the negative relations.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings indicate that the ongoing debate on the debt financing puzzle can be explained by internationalization. Moreover, the findings suggest that in addition to the systematic differences between MNCs and DCs, studies on the debt financing and internationalization should also account for the systematic differences among MNCs such as the local-based MNCs, foreign-based MNCs and DCs that later expand their business operations abroad.Practical implicationsMNCs have to be responsive to the diverse institutional environments as they diversify their business operations geographically. When the adverse effects of internationalization outweigh the benefits, MNCs could use the long-term debt financing decision to mitigate the costs of doing business abroad. This is because debt financing is also a primary concern in the corporate financial decisions for the maximization of shareholders’ wealth.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the debt financing literature from the international perspective by providing evidence from an emerging market. In addition, this study highlights the importance of recognizing firms by their firm-specific characteristics, such as internationalization, given the systematic differences among firms.

Entrepreneurial intention and regional internationalization in China

This study uses a novel approach to examine the link between regional internationalization and entrepreneurial intention in China. Robust findings suggest that higher degrees of internationalization in locations like Shenzhen and Hong Kong lead to lower levels of entrepreneurial intention, while lower degrees of internationalization in Mainland China lead to higher levels of entrepreneurial intention. This striking result underscores the significance of doing a regional-level analysis rather than countrywide studies for large diverse markets like China, where regional differences in internationalization policies, economic reforms, and institutions tend to vary significantly between locations compared to smaller or more developed economies. We conclude that the relatively higher levels of necessity-based entrepreneurship in China may help explain some of the regional differences observed in total entrepreneurial activity. Our findings also contribute to the literature by revealing significant complexity in the relationship between internationalization and entrepreneurship and support findings of previous studies regarding the importance of location for entrepreneurial intentions in emerging markets like China (as reported by Pan and Yang (Small Business Economics, 2018); Zhu, Lui, He, & Lu et al. (Small Business Economics, 2018b); and Liu et al. (Small Business Economics, 2018)).

Implementing corporate social responsibility strategies in the hospitality and tourism firms: A culture-based approach

In accordance with the strategic importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR), multiple CSR studies have existed in the tourism and hospitality literature. Although appropriate CSR strategies and stakeholders’ interests and perceptions with regard to CSR may differ from one national culture to another, CSR studies incorporating cultural influences are still rare in the tourism and hospitality field. Particularly, given a high degree of internationalization and cultural diversity of stakeholder groups in each local market, CSR study on the basis of national culture is needed in the tourism and hospitality industry. In order to enrich CSR literature and provide practical implications, this study aims to propose a culture-based CSR implementation model for the hospitality and tourism firms, incorporating national culture.

Is Internationalization Always Beneficial?

This study explores the impact of the degree of internationalization (DOI) on the longevity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the moderating impact of contingent factors, including corporate internal resources and capabilities, and external competitive environments. An analysis of data from listed Korean internationalizing SMEs in the IT industry reveals an inverted U- shaped relationship between DOI and SME longevity. In addition, SME longevity is more likely to peak at the higher DOI when tangible and intangible resources as well as competitive pressures from industry globalization are high. The implications of these findings for research and managerial practices are discussed.

Internationalization and longevity of Korean SMEs: the moderating role of contingent factors

This study examines the effects of the degree of internationalization (DOI) on the longevity of SMEs and the moderating role of tangible and intangible resources and industry globalization. Using a sample of listed Korean SMEs, we identify an inverted U-shaped curvilinear link between DOI and SME longevity. In addition, SME longevity peaks at the higher DOI when tangible and intangible resources and industry globalization are high. The findings support the liabilities of the newness and smallness perspective that an organization’s internal and external contingencies play crucial roles in achieving the optimal DOI for SME longevity.

Internationalization and investment-cash flow sensitivity: Evidence from Taiwan

The primary goal of this study was to investigate how the degree of internationalization affects firms' investment-cash flow sensitivity (ICFS) using a sample of Taiwanese listed firms. Our empirical results indicate that a higher degree of internationalization tends to lower its ICFS. Moreover, our findings also suggest that there is no significant difference between group-affiliated firms and unaffiliated firms in the relationship between internationalization and firms’ ICFS. The findings contribute to the financial literature by clarifying internationalization, ICFS and business groups.

Heterogeneity in the internationalization of R&D: Implications for anomalies in finance and macroeconomics

Empirical evidence suggests that investments in research and development (R&D) by older and larger firms are more spread out internationally than R&D investments by younger and smaller firms. In this paper, I explore the quantitative implications of this type of heterogeneity by assuming that incumbents, i.e. current monopolists engaging in incremental innovation, have a higher degree of internationalization in their R&D technologies than entrants, i.e. new firms engaging in radical innovation, in a two-country endogenous growth general equilibrium model.

Diffusion of knowledge in the biotechnology sector

The aim of the paper is to analyze the use of existing legally protected solutions an. publications made available through patent systems for the development of further biotechnological inventions. For its implementation, was conducted research based on the so-called patent citations of two kinds - to literature and previously published, other patents. For the needs of the paper, technical documentation of 88 patents in the resources of the Polish Patent Office and Espacenet was analyzed. The study includes 40 Polish biotechnology companies with significant innovation activity. The results of the conducted research allow to formulate two conclusions. First, the knowledge obtained from patent resources plays an important role in the innovation process of inventions in the biotechnology sector. Secondly, this knowledge is characterized by a high degree of internationalization, first of all are cited foreign inventions and source literature, domestic citations appear relatively rarely. Among observed references, citing American achievements plays a dominant role – this applies to both literature and inventions, which suggests that the US patent system is the main source of patent knowledge for Polish biotechnology companies.

Heterogeneity in the Internationalization of R&D: Implications for Anomalies in Finance and Macroeconomics

Empirical evidence suggests that investments in research and development (R&D) by older and larger firms are more spread out internationally than R&D investments by younger and smaller firms. In this paper, I explore the quantitative implications of this type of heterogeneity by assuming that incumbents, i.e. current monopolists engaging in incremental innovation, have a higher degree of internationalization in their R&D technologies than entrants, i.e. new firms engaging in radical innovation, in a two-country endogenous growth general equilibrium model. In particular, this assumption allows the model to break the perfect correlation between incumbents’ and entrants’ innovation probabilities and to match the empirical counterpart exactly.