High Levels Of Cooperation Research Articles

SER project: analysis of the skills profile of students from three Portuguese professional schools

IntroductionThis research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the SER project, which focuses on autonomy and curricular flexibility. Additionally, it seeks to assess the profiles of students from three Portuguese professional schools in relation to their social and emotional skills, self-concept and personal development after project implementation.MethodsThe sample comprised of 381 students aged between 15 and 20 years. The study employed a quantitative methodology with data collected using the Social and Emotional Skills Questionnaire, the Self-Concept Scale, and the Positive Youth Development Scale.ResultsSchool 1 includes students who tend to exhibit high levels of Social Awareness and Cooperation. School 2, while not excelling in any particular competencies, shows above-average values across all assessed dimensions. Finally, students at School 3 demonstrate elevated levels in Interpersonal Relationships, Self-Esteem, Self-Management, Self-Concept, and Decision-Making.DiscussionIt was found that student profiles differ depending on the school they attend, and it was found that statistically significant differences occur between School 1 and School 2 in Decision-Making and between School 1 and School 3 in Interpersonal Relationships.

CPMP rescue of a neonate with severe molybdenum cofactor deficiency after serendipitous early diagnosis, and characterisation of a novel MOCS1 variant

We report the first, and so far, only index patient with neonatal onset MoCD type A who was diagnosed and treated early enough with cPMP to avoid severe brain injury and disability. The child presented with hypoglycemia at the age of 10 h and was diagnosed because of the incidental finding of severely decreased L-cystine in plasma. Due to a high level of awareness and excellent co-operation between metabolic laboratory and clinical services, cPMP substitution could be initiated before severe encephalopathy set in, and the child subsequently had a normal motor development. The child has been continued on daily substitution with cPMP until today (age 7 years) and has shown a satisfying long-term developmental outcome. Long-term follow-up, however, revealed significant communication difficulties and cognitive abilities in the range of mild to moderate learning disability. The severity of the metabolic disease was confirmed by the extent of biochemical abnormalities and further functional characterisation of the underlying genetic variants. This case provides further evidence that cPMP substitution does significantly alter the disease course when applied early enough. Postnatal treatment in this case was not sufficient to enable an entirely normal cognitive development, despite sustained complete normalization of the biochemical abnormalities.

War, the State and Local Office-Holders in Britain, 1689–1750

Abstract Research on the British ‘fiscal-military state’ has placed great emphasis on the development of a financial infrastructure and professional bureaucracy in explaining Britain’s rise to superpower status in the eighteenth century. This article argues instead that, to appreciate fully the extent of the British state’s involvement in warfare, historians need to acknowledge the crucial and varied roles that local office-holders played in raising manpower for the army and supporting many of its requirements. Such an emphasis allows for a more nuanced understanding of the nature of the British fiscal-military state and the relations between centre and localities. This article illuminates the impact of war at a local level by examining how local office-holders, principally justices of the peace and parish constables, found and enlisted men into the army, secured deserters, intervened in mutinies, organised quarters for soldiers and transport for the army, and assisted former and injured soldiers and soldiers’ families. This work added to their burdens of office, it could jeopardise their authority and create bitter tensions within communities. Nevertheless, there was a high level of co-operation from local office-holders. The article analyses why local office-holders complied with the demands of central government and stresses their importance within the British ‘fiscal-military state’.

Individual or communal? Exploring the social dynamics of ceramic production at the Lengyel circular-enclosure site of Těšetice-Kyjovice – Sutny, South Moravia

Although ceramic vessels form the majority of artifact assemblages in the Neolithic, little is known about their production beyond the assumption that they were made in a domestic context. Characterizing the scale of ceramic production is important for understanding Neolithic social and economic processes, particularly at sites with enclosure systems that indicate an increased degree of social organization. Nevertheless, characterizing the complexity and social entanglements of ceramic production is a difficult task in the absence of primary production locales.In this study, we provide a working hypothesis and use ceramic and clay petrographic data to highlight the variability in ceramic technological practices, and in turn, identify the organization of ceramic production at the Late Neolithic (Lengyel I; 4750–4500 BCE) site of Těšetice-Kyjovice – Sutny, South Moravia, Czech Republic. The site is characterised by a large circular enclosure, the construction of which required a high level of social cooperation. It is still under scrutiny whether the cooperation required for building the enclosure system was only temporary and related to this construction activity, or if it reflects a higher degree of social organization in general.By understanding ceramic production, we may clarify the complexity of the most common production processes that took place at the site. Large-scale ceramic and clay petrographic data provide information on the first steps of the chaîne opératoire in ceramic fabrication, which can be used to assess the organization of production. A systematic analysis of a large number of ceramic samples, representing all basic typological and macroscopically distinguishable fabric groups, revealed a high degree of individuality in choices of raw materials and tempers. Ceramic petrographic data, compared with the petrographic data of local sediment sources, further highlighted individuality in raw material and temper preferences, and even mixing of raw materials was identified.Our analyses suggest that Lengyel culture potters likely produced their vessels on a household level, with no evidence suggesting non-domestic production. These data, in conjunction with ceramic petrographic data from Hungarian Late Neolithic sites, suggest that Late Neolithic communities were self-sufficient in terms of utilitarian pottery production. Ceramic petrographic data also indicate interaction between the inhabitants of Těšetice and other Lengyel culture communities in the vicinity, perhaps further indicating a higher degree of social organization at the site.

Crisis and Continuity: Evaluating Teacher and Community Strategies for Sustaining Education in War-Torn Areas of Myanmar

This study evaluates the strategies used by teachers and communities to sustain education in conflict-affected areas of Kayah (Karenni) State and Pekon Township in Myanmar. Utilizing resilience theory and program evaluation, the research explores the motivations and challenges faced by teachers, the role of community support, and the impact of capacity-building activities. Key findings reveal that teachers are driven by empathy and a sense of duty, facing significant obstacles such as insecurity and resource scarcity. Community support is crucial, with high levels of parental cooperation and trust within the community facilitating educational resilience. Capacity-building initiatives significantly enhance teaching effectiveness, while student engagement remains resilient despite the conflict. The study highlights the critical need for local and international educational organizations to recognize community-led educational efforts, provide basic educational resources, and establish intermediary programs for higher education access. The paper contributes to the understanding of educational resilience in conflict zones, offering practical recommendations for sustaining education amidst adversity.

Coevolutionary dynamics of collective cooperation and dilemma strength in a collective-risk game

Human behavioral decision-making influences the gaming environment. In turn, changes in the gaming environmental impact individual strategic choices. However, there is scant exploration into how human behavioral decision-making coevolves with dilemma strength. Here, we propose a coevolutionary game model based on collective-risk social dilemma, where an increase in cooperators within the game group reduces the dilemma strength, and vice versa. Upon examining this coupled system, we find that the system is capable of achieving a relatively optimal state, wherein the population sustains a high level of cooperation and the dilemma strength remains at the lowest level. In addition, we have identified the conditions for the emergence of tristability and bistability in the coupled system and numerically validated our theoretical results. Furthermore, we find that the incorporation of institutional rewards not only promotes the appearance of the system's optimal state, where all individuals choose to cooperate and the dilemma strength is at its lowest level, but it also effectively averts the manifestation of the system's worst state, where all individuals resort to defection and the dilemma strength reaches its highest level. These findings illuminate how cooperation can be sustained when a dynamical coupling exists between individual decision-making and dilemma strength. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

A theoretical framework for platform-to-platform cooperation: a multi-case study from China

PurposeThis study explores the factors that influence platform-to-platform cooperation (PPC) and designs a theoretical framework for platform research.Design/methodology/approachThis multi-case study includes a combination of exploratory and explanatory case studies.FindingsFrom the internal factor perspective, channel integration capability, technology-based order matching capability and service innovation capability positively affects the PPC. From the perspective of external factors, the impact of a new platform entry on the PPC depends on market power and complementarities between platforms in the supply and value chains. Diversity of demand also has a positive effect on the PPC, which is moderated by network externalities. It is worth noting that the incumbent platform prefers to diversify its services for collaborating platforms with a higher level of cooperation. In addition, the higher diversity of demand, the stronger the service innovation capability, which indirectly impacts cooperation positively.Originality/valueThe PPC has gained immense popularity in recent years. However, no scholars have investigated the factors influencing the PPC decisions, which warrants further exploration. This study sheds light on the factors and mechanisms that influence the PPC from both internal and external perspectives.

Who is a Leader in the Leading Eight? Indirect Reciprocity under Private Assessment

Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism that explains large-scale cooperation in human societies. In indirect reciprocity, an individual chooses whether to cooperate with another based on reputation information, and others evaluate the action as good or bad. Under what evaluation rule (called “social norm”) cooperation evolves has long been of central interest in the literature. It has been reported that if individuals can share their evaluations (i.e., public reputation), social norms called “leading eight” can be evolutionarily stable. On the other hand, when they cannot share their evaluations (i.e., private assessment), the evolutionary stability of cooperation is still in question. To tackle this question, we create a novel method to analyze the reputation structure in the population under private assessment. Specifically, we characterize each individual by two variables, “goodness” (what proportion of the population considers the individual as good) and “self-reputation” (whether an individual thinks of him or herself as good or bad), and analyze the stochastic process of how these two variables change over time. We discuss the evolutionary stability of each of the leading-eight social norms by studying the robustness against invasions of unconditional cooperators and defectors. We identify key pivots in those social norms for establishing a high level of cooperation or stable cooperation against mutants. Our finding gives an insight into how human cooperation is established in a real-world society. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ecosystem approach то digitization of the agricultural industrial complex

The theoretical foundations of the ecosystem approach to the digitalization of the Russian agro-industrial complex are considered. The hypothesis of this study was the assumption that the digital ecosystem is a higher level of cooperation in the agro-industrial complex, involving the unification of all participants on a digital platform and with the help of digital technologies. Digital ecosystems meet all the requirements of the sixth technological order and allow agricultural producers to move to it at a faster pace. It is shown that digital ecosystems accelerate the process of introducing digital technologies into the agro-industrial complex (its digitalization), thereby contributing to the effective functioning of ecosystems, i.e. these are interrelated categories. It is proposed to understand the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex as “the mass introduction of digital technologies, the increase in the use of digital and/or computer technologies in the economic activities of an individual agro-industrial complex enterprise, a household or the agricultural sector of the economy as a whole." and the “digital ecosystem of the regional agro-industrial complex” is a set of organizational and economic tools, promoting the construction of mutually beneficial production relations between subjects of the region’s agro-industrial complex using a digital platform to increase the share of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the regional market for agricultural products, and ultimately, to ensure the sustainability of the rural economy through the creation of new cooperative ties.

Enhancing employability through university-industry linkages: Omani engineering students’ perspectives of the Eidaad internship programme

Like many Middle East and North Africa countries, one of the main socio-economic challenges facing Oman is the creation of meaningful graduate employment opportunities. A combination of factors that include the gap between the expertise and skills acquired in higher education and workforce requirements means many students struggle to find suitable jobs upon graduation. Consequently, providing quality education and developing national talents are key objectives of the country’s Vision 2040 development roadmap. Higher levels of cooperation between tertiary institutions and industry within the framework of government policy are necessary to achieve these outcomes. This study explores undergraduate engineering student perceptions of one example of this collaboration – the Eidaad internship programme. To better understand interns’ perceptions of the programme’s personal and professional benefit across targeted areas and means for further improvement, a three-part on-line questionnaire was administered to current and former programme participants. Results indicate overwhelmingly positive perceptions of the programme, including in terms of enhancing interns’ teamwork skills, workplace participation, communication skills, clarity of career plans and objectives, and so on. Participant suggestions for improvement include the creation of concrete employment pathways and the provision of further on-the-job training opportunities. Implications for the Eidaad and similar internship programmes are discussed.

High-Functioning Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant System Characteristics: The British Columbia Experience With an Opt-In System

A high level of cooperation between organ procurement organizations and transplant programs may help maximize use of deceased donor kidneys. The practices that are essential for a high functioning organ donation and transplant system remain uncertain. We sought to report metrics of organ donation and transplant performance in British Columbia, Canada, and to assess the association of specific policies and practices that contribute to the system's performance. A retrospective observational study. Referred deceased organ donors in British Columbia were used in the study from January 1, 2016, to December 312019. Provincial, organ procurement organization, and center level policies were implemented to improve donor referral and organ utilization. Assessment of donor and kidney utilization along steps of the critical pathway for organ donation. Deceased donors were classified according to the critical pathway for organ donation and key donation and transplant metrics were identified. There were 1,948 possible donors referred. Of 1,948, 754 (39%) were potential donors. Of 754 potential donors, 587 (78%) were consented donors. Of 587 consented donors, 480 (82%) were eligible kidney donors. Of 480 eligible kidney donors, 438 (91%) were actual kidney donors. And of 438 actual kidney donors, 432 (99%) were utilized kidney donors. One-year all-cause allograft survival was 95%. Practices implemented to improve the system's performance included hospital donor coordinators, early communication between the organ procurement organization and transplant nephrologists, dedicated organ recovery and implant surgeons, aged-based kidney allocation, and hospital admission of recipients before kidney recovery. Assignment of causality between individual policies and practices and organ donation and utilization is limited in this observational study. In British Columbia, consent for donation, utilization of donated kidneys, and transplant survival are exceptionally high, suggesting the importance of an integrated deceased donor and kidney transplant service.

The synergy of elimination and zero-determinant strategy on dynamic games

Groups often fall into the trap of mutual betrayal because of the free-riding behavior of individuals. To promote cooperation level of the group, a dynamic game mechanism with elimination is proposed in this paper. Then, we study the individual and synergistic effects of the elimination mechanism and zero-determinant strategy on the game evolution. To reduce the number of eliminated players, we analyze the main influencing factors of node's survival rate. It is found that the dynamic game mechanism can change the dilemma of mutual betrayal, however many players will be eliminated. The synergy of zero-determinant strategy and elimination can not only keep a high cooperation level, but also enable more individuals to survive in the games. Moreover, the survival rate of a node is directly related to its degree and its initial strategy. And the results are robust to game model and rule of elimination. This provides a feasible game mechanism for improving the cooperation level of the group and provides the optimal strategy implementation scheme for the individuals to realize the maximization of benefits.

Coordinated and uncoordinated punishment in a team investment game

Coordinated punishment occurs when punishment requires a specific number of punishers to be effective, otherwise, no damage will be inflicted on the target. While societies often rely on this punishment device, its benefits are unclear compared to uncoordinated punishment, where punishment decisions are substitutes. In this paper, we compare the efficacy of coordinated and uncoordinated punishment in a team investment game with two investors and one allocator. Our findings indicate that coordinated punishment results in higher levels of cooperation and reciprocity, as measured by the levels of joint investment and the return by allocators. Importantly, this does not translate into higher payoffs: investors use punishment more frequently when this is coordinated, which destroys the efficiency gains generated by the highest investment. In fact, our results suggest that the highest level of efficiency would be achieved if investors were not allowed to punish.

Sustainable medical tourism service network with a stakeholder perspective

ABSTRACT Along with the challenges and disruptions faced in the COVID-19 outbreak, medical tourism is an emergent field of business bringing multiple sources of service providers to provide cross-border medical treatment with affordable costs and touristic activity opportunities. The sustainability of medical tourism is of paramount importance in terms of economic, social and environmental dimensions with a high level of collaboration, coordination, cooperation and integration of the stakeholders of this service network. Hence, the purpose of this study is to analyze the sustainability objectives of medical tourism service with a detailed stakeholder involvement. In this regard, medical tourism stakeholders are identified via a systematic review of literature and industrial reports, and next, the objectives associated with sustainability are described in detail, then, a novel Fermatean Fuzzy MACTOR (‘Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives and Recommendations’) is proposed to determine the triggering relationship between each stakeholder and to highlight the convergency of each stakeholder towards each objective. Hence, the findings reveal the major responsibilities of stakeholders to achieve each individual sustainability objective. The analysis results indicate that even if the main service providers fulfil their duties perfectly, in case of having language barrier, demand of medical tourists cannot be sustained.

Public-private partnership between Satbayev university and SK Geoservice LLP: Enhancing collaboration in technological innovation and production

The article provides a detailed examination of public-private partnerships between Satbayev University and drilling tool manufacturer SK Geoservice LLP. It begins by discussing the underlying reasons for this collaboration, such as the demand for innovation and the advancement of drilling tool production. Subsequently, the article analyzes the partners’ interactions and their respective roles in enhancing the design and production processes of drilling tool manufacturing. Successful instances of the university’s research groups’ scientific endeavors being implemented by drilling tool manufacturing experts from the private sector are cited, indicating a high level of cooperation and mutual benefit. The article concludes by highlighting the partnership’s positive impact on the drilling tools market’s development, private entrepreneurship support and growth in the region, and the training of highly skilled personnel. It suggests that these outcomes create new opportunities for further cooperation and growth. Overall, the article underscores the significance of public-private partnerships in advancing science and technology and advocates for their continued deepening and expansion in Kazakhstan. It also notes that such partnerships contribute to enhancing the quality of education in drilling-related fields and bolstering the competitiveness of Kazakhstani companies in the global market.

РОЗВИТОК КООПЕРАЦІЙНИХ ВІДНОСИН АВІАТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В СИСТЕМІ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ РИНКУ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the construction and functioning of modern cooperation mechanisms of air transport enterprises, to substantiate the advantages and risks of cooperation based on the analysis of key trends of international cooperative relations in the global infrastructure system of the air transportation market. Scientific theories of international division of labour, international specialization and internationalization of cooperative relations form the methodological basis of the research. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used – historical-logical, descriptive-analytical, analysis and synthesis, methods of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The informational basis of the article is monographic studies and periodical publications of domestic and foreign economists, analytical reports of international organizations, international consulting companies and analytical centres. The article examines the global experience of implementing international cooperative relations of air transport enterprises, highlights the main forms of airline cooperation. It was established that the degree and conditions of involvement of airlines in cooperative relations differ in the markets of domestic and international transportation, intercontinental air transportation. The most common mechanisms of interaction between airlines are the conclusion of interline agreements and codeshare agreements. It was revealed that global aviation alliances occupy a dominant position in the structure of the world air transport market. It is also stated that the highest level of cooperation between airlines is the creation of joint ventures, which makes it possible to avoid mergers and acquisitions. Within the framework of the study, the advantages and risks of various forms of cooperation for both air passengers and subjects of international aviation business are substantiated. Research results can be used for scientific substantiation and further creation of proper conditions for effective international cooperation of domestic air transport enterprises during the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

Optimal Evolution Strategy for Continuous Strategy Games on Complex Networks via Reinforcement Learning.

This article presents an optimal evolution strategy for continuous strategy games on complex networks via reinforcement learning (RL). In the past, evolutionary game theory usually assumed that agents use the same selection intensity when interacting, ignoring the differences in their learning abilities and learning willingness. Individuals are reluctant to change their strategies too much. Therefore, we design an adaptive strategy updating framework with various selection intensities for continuous strategy games on complex networks based on imitation dynamics, allowing agents to achieve the optimal state and a higher cooperation level with the minimal strategy changes. The optimal updating strategy is acquired using a coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation by minimizing the performance function. This function aims to maximize individual payoffs while minimizing strategy changes. Furthermore, a value iteration (VI) RL algorithm is proposed to approximate the HJB solutions and learn the optimal strategy updating rules. The RL algorithm employs actor and critic neural networks to approximate strategy changes and performance functions, along with the gradient descent weight update approach. Meanwhile, the stability and convergence of the proposed methods have been proved by the designed Lyapunov function. Simulations validate the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed methods in different games and complex networks.

КИТАЙСКО-ИНДИЙСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ КНР

Since the establishment of the diplomatic relations, the interaction between the PRC and India has developed unevenly: the periods of active cooperation were followed by confrontation, and a gradual normalization. Since the last change of the political leadership in China (in 2012 Xi Jinping came to power) and in India (in 2014 the N. Modi administration took office), a new path of their relations has begun from the so-called “peaceful coexistence to armed coexistence”. The previous hopes for effective political interaction (even while maintaining a high level of economic cooperation) are met with a fundamentally different understanding of each other by the two countries. The renewed border conflict between the two states has demonstrated that. And if the Indian political circles securitize the Chinese problem, the PRC’s position is mainly based on the perception of its neighbor through the prism of the relations between Delhi and Washington, as well as through the intensity of the anti-Chinese discourse of the Indian elites. In that situation, the asymmetrical nature of the relations between the two sides is considered by researchers within the frame of a status theory. At the same time, considering the conflict potential, Chinese experts continue to seek the ways of interaction with India, focusing on their historical background and common destiny, the similar problems and views on the global economic and political systems.

Public values to guide childhood vaccination mandates: A report on four Australian community juries.

Governments use vaccination mandates, of different degrees of coerciveness, to encourage or require childhood vaccination. We elicited the views of well-informed community members on the public acceptability of using childhood vaccination mandates in Australia. Four community juries were conducted in Canberra, Launceston, Cairns and Melbourne, Australia between 2021 and 2022. We recruited 51 participants from diverse backgrounds, genders and ages through random digit dialling and social media. Two juries were held in metropolitan areas, and two in regional/rural settings. Outcome measures included jury verdicts and reasons in response to structured questions. All juries were concerned about collective protection and individual rights but prioritised the former over the latter. A majority in all juries supported mandates but juries disagreed with respect to the appropriate mandate types. All juries endorsed using the least restrictive or coercive means to encourage vaccination (providing incentives or education, e.g.) before imposing penalties such as financial losses and school exclusions. The overriding view was that it is fairer to place a direct burden on parents rather than children and that mandates should be designed to avoid inequitable impacts on less advantaged groups in society. Many jurors found conscientious objection acceptable as a controlled option for resolute refusers, provided that overall vaccination coverage remains high. This paper gives policymakers access to the reasons that Australians have for supporting or opposing different mandates under conditions of high knowledge, understanding and deliberation regarding policy options. Sustaining high rates of vaccination requires high levels of co-operation between governments, public health actors and the public. Our findings highlight the importance of considering public values in the design and implementation of vaccination mandates. We sought input from individuals who did and did not vaccinate during the study design. The views and perspectives of nonvaccinating parents were presented in the evidence to juries. We deliberately excluded nonvaccinating individuals from participating, as the divisive and often hostile nature of the topic, and their minority status, made it difficult to ensure they would feel safe as members of the jury without overrepresenting their perspective in the sample. Two related projects engaged directly with these parents.

Performance Of Posdaya Sabilulungan Village Neglasari Dramaga Bogor

Situated in Neglasari village, Dramaga District, Posdaya Sabilulungan plays a crucial role in supporting farmer operations related to rice and vegetable production in this area. The performance of Posdaya Sabilulungan in Neglasari Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, as well as the issues that crop up in the areas of economy, education, and health, are the focus of this study. The research's activity stages started with a review of theories, and concepts, and the identification of the Posdaya performance construct. A Posdaya performance measurement tool was then created. Group discussions, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews were used to gather research data. Respondents for the research were affiliated stakeholders and Posdaya cadres in the Posdaya work region. Descriptive statistical methods and Posdaya performance analysis were used to process the data. Three categories—individual level (6 indicators), group level (8 indicators), and community level (14 indicators)—can be formed from the Sabilulungan Posdaya performance study results. The results collected range from 3 (empowered) to 4 (extremely empowered) at the individual level. At the group level, however, there is a wide range of scores: less empowered (1, 2, and 3) to extremely empowered (4, 5). Additionally, the achievement score ranges from 3 (empowered) to 4 (extremely empowered) at the community level, except for service provider activities. The community's continued high levels of cooperation and unity, the quality of human resources available to carry out the Posdaya program, the control of facilities and infrastructure, the supervision of related agencies, and the attitudes of the community toward the Posdaya program's existence are some of the factors that are thought to have an impact on Sabilulungan's performance.