High Consumption Of Vegetables Research Articles

SWITCHtoHEALTHY: Switching Mediterranean Consumers to Mediterranean Sustainable Healthy Dietary Patterns

Abstract In the Mediterranean countries profound changes in diet are taking place, largely due to cultural and socio-economic changes in lifestyle, which are leading to the erosion of the Mediterranean food cultures. The diet modernization process is noticeable; it has generated not only a modification of food choices in the direction of unhealthy foods, but also the habit of sedentary behaviours leading to an imbalance between energy intake and consumption. All of this has negative health impacts, as shown by the ever-increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as the rise of chronic diet-related diseases. The SWITCHtoHEALTHY project aims to generate an overall change of approach to the modern problem of eating behaviours, by strengthening the role of families towards the promotion of the sustainable Mediterranean food model. The main goal is to generate an actual switch to healthier dietary models, that are more consistent with the Mediterranean Diet. The project SWITCHtoHEALTHY aims to generate a dietary behaviour change in the direction of a greater adherence to the Mediterranean food model, by strengthening the role of families in the process of acquiring and maintaining healthy eating habits. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a healthy and sustainable food model, with an essentially plant-based dietary pattern (high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, cereals, and legumes). This goal will be reached by making available to families a combination of hands-on educational material and digital tools and complementing the dietary and lifestyle recommendations with easy-to-eat healthier snacking products.

Association of Physical Activity and/or Diet with Sleep Quality and Duration in Adolescents: A Scoping Review

Background: Sleep is essential for health, especially during adolescence. However, most adolescents do not obtain the recommended 8 to 10 h of sleep, and their health is significantly affected. While both physical activity (PA) and diet have been shown to help improve the sleep quality and duration, the combined association of these two factors with sleep has yet to be analysed. Objectives: Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the evidence on the combined association of PA and diet with the quality and duration of sleep in adolescents. Secondary objectives were to analyse the evidence on the single association of PA with the quality and duration of sleep in adolescents and to analyse the single association of diet with the quality and duration of sleep in adolescents. Methods: To this end, a scoping review was conducted with a structured search in four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC). Results: The findings suggest that the amount of PA (time/week) and healthy dietary patterns, characterised by meal regularity and high consumption of fruits and vegetables, favour a better quality and a longer duration of sleep. Conversely, less weekly PA and the intake of less healthy foods, such as ultra-processed foods, are associated with decreasing the sleep quality and duration. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results underscore the importance of considering PA and diet as an appropriate approach to investigating sleep quality and duration in adolescents. Studies analysing the interplay between PA, diet and sleep in adolescents are scarce.

Association between Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity among Chinese Rural Older Adults.

The global population is aging rapidly, leading to an increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). This study aims to investigate the association between dietary patterns and CMM among Chinese rural older adults. The sample was selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and a total of 3331 rural older adults were ultimately included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the latent dietary patterns and CMM. The prevalence of CMM among rural older adults was 44.64%. This study identified four potential categories: "Low Consumption of All Foods Dietary Pattern (C1)", "High Dairy, Egg, and Red Meat Consumption, Low Vegetable and High-Salt Consumption Dietary Pattern (C2)", "High Egg, Vegetable, and Grain Consumption, Low Dairy and White Meat Consumption Dietary Pattern (C3)" and "High Meat and Fish Consumption, Low Dairy and High-Salt Consumption Dietary Pattern (C4)". Individuals with a C3 dietary pattern (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.98; p = 0.028) and a C4 dietary pattern (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.97; p = 0.034) significantly reduced the prevalence of CMM compared with the C1 dietary pattern. Rural older adults have diverse dietary patterns, and healthy dietary patterns may reduce the risk of CMM.

Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northwestern Iran

BackgroundToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite on our planet that causes toxoplasmosis. This study evaluated the seroprevalence and related risk factors for T. gondii infection in a population referred to healthcare centers in Meshkin-Shahr, Northwest Iran.MethodsA total of 400 blood samples were randomly collected from the general population and assessed using the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, Immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kits in two steps before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, 2019–2020. The results were analyzed through logistic regression via SPSS 26 software.ResultsBefore the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 39% of individuals (IgG: 38%, IgM: 0.5%, and IgG-IgM: 0.5%). Among the eleven risk factors evaluated, contact with soil and people awareness were significantly associated with T. gondii infection (p < 0.05). However, factors such as females, 20–39 age groups, junior high schools, housewives, rural areas, raw meat or vegetable consumption, vegetable or fruits washed by water, not detergent, and cat owners did not show a significant relationship with seropositivity (p > 0.05). After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall seroprevalence for anti-T. gondii antibody increased to 49.7% (IgG: 47.7%, IgM: 0.5%, and IgG and IgM: 1.5%). Among these patients, 26% were positive for COVID-19. Additionally, before the COVID-19 pandemic, 40 samples were negative for anti-T. gondii antibodies but later became positive. The crude and adjusted models suggested that toxoplasmosis may be a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility to COVID-19, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82–1.99; P < 0.05). Conversely, a non-significant protective effect against latent toxoplasmosis was observed in COVID-19-positive individuals (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.51–1.92; P > 0.05), and COVID-19 positivity did not increase the levels of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies.ConclusionsThe general population in this region had a moderate seroprevalence of T. gondii. The increased number of COVID-19-positive patients with latent toxoplasmosis highlights the need to pay attention to the early diagnosis and proper treatment of toxoplasmosis in these patients and implement preventive programs in these areas for future possible viral infections.

The impact of vegetable and fruit consumption on mortality in persons aged 65 years and older: results of a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: High consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer and all — causes mortality. However, most studies on the health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption have traditionally focused on children, adolescents, young and middle-aged people, and only a few of them included older adults, and even more so did not take into account the geriatric status of the study participants. AIM: To assess the effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on mortality in Russian population people 65 years and older. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study of a random sample of individuals aged 65 years and older (n = 383). The main parameters of the study: Mini Nutritional Assessment anthropometry, clinical blood test, albumin, total protein, C-reactive protein, comprehensive geriatric assessment, 2.5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 77.7 ± 5.7 years. The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was higher among women, compared with men by 16.7% (95% confidence interval 1.5–33.6%). Consumption of 2 or more portions vegetables and/or fruits per day was associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes with hazard ratio 0.401 (95% confidence interval 0.180–0.896) after adjusting for gender, age of study participants, presence of malnourishment syndrome, protein intake, glasses drunk per day, body mass index, reduced middle arm circumstance, falls, cognitive status, autonomy decline and a decrease in the level of physical function. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of 2 or more portions of vegetables and/or fruits per day was independently associated with a 59.9% reduction in the risk of death from all causes in persons aged 65 years and older.

Association between the adherence to Mediterranean diet and depression in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and depression is a most frequent comorbid condition associated with RA. Studies have shown that inflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression and RA. Mediterranean diet (MED) has been proved to be a healthy anti-inflammatory dietary pattern. This study aims to explore the association between the adherence to Mediterranean diet (aMED) and depression in RA patients.MethodsIn this study, RA patients aged ≥ 20 years old were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NAHNES) database. Dietary intake information was obtained from 24-h dietary recall interview. Covariates included sociodemographic information, lifestyles, laboratory parameters, and the history of diseases and medications were included. The weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between aMED and depression. Subgroup analysis was conducted to further explore the association between MED components and depression.ResultsTotally 1,148 patients were included, of whom 290 (25.26%) had depression. After adjusted all covariates, high aMED was associated with the lower odds of depression in RA patients (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29–0.97). Among MED components, higher consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.34–0.84) and cereals (OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.39–0.99) contributed more to decrease the odds of depression.ConclusionGreater aMED may have potential benefits for improving mental health in RA patients. Future large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the association between aMED and depression in RA patients.

High vegetable consumption and regular exercise are associated with better quality of life in patients with gout.

The Gout Impact Scale (GIS), a part of the Gout Assessment Questionnaire 2.0, is used to measure gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although several studies have been conducted on the factors affecting the HRQOL of patients with gout, few have focused on lifestyle factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between lifestyle habits and HRQOL using the GIS in patients with gout. We used data from the Urate-Lowering TheRApy in Gout (ULTRA) registry, a prospective cohort of Korean patients with gout treated at multiple centers nationwide. The patients were aged ≥18 years and met the 2015 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism gout classification criteria. They were asked to complete a GIS and questions regarding their lifestyle habits at enrollment. The study included 232 patients. 'Gout concern overall' scores in the GIS were significantly lower in patients who exercised more frequently and consumed soft drinks and meat less, and 'well-being during attack' scores were significantly lower in patients who consumed vegetables and exercised more frequently. The frequency of vegetable consumption had a negative linear relationship with the 'well-being during attack' and 'gout concern during attack' scores (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, respectively). The frequency of exercise had a negative linear relationship with the 'gout concern overall' and 'gout concern during attack' scores (p = 0.04 and p = 0.002, respectively). Patients with gout who frequently consumed vegetables and exercised regularly experienced less impact of gout, exhibiting a better GIS that represented HRQOL.

Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical observational studies aims to clarify the correlation between the intake levels of fruits and vegetables and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on the association between vegetable or fruit intake with the risk of NAFLD from the foundation of each database up until September 2023. The relative risk (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled for both the highest and lowest consumption levels of vegetables and fruits to explore their association with the incidence of NAFLD. The meta-analysis encompassed 11 studies with a total of 493,682 patients. A higher consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67-0.91) and fruits (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83-0.93) was found to have a negative correlation with the risk of NAFLD, denoting an inverse association. This correlation, however, varied among different ethnic groups and gender. Our results indicate that increased consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with a reduced likelihood of developing NAFLD. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced, identifier: CRD42023460430.

Fruits and vegetables intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis from 11 case-control studies in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) consortium.

High consumption of fruits and vegetables decrease the risk of bladder cancer (BC). The evidence of specific fruits and vegetables and the BC risk is still limited. Fruit and vegetable consumptions in relation to BC risk was examined by pooling individual participant data from case-control studies. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate study-specific odds ratio's (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and combined using a random-effects model for intakes of total fruits, total vegetables, and subgroups of fruits and vegetables. A total of 11 case-control studies were included, comprising 5637 BC cases and 10,504 controls. Overall, participants with the highest intakes versus the lowest intakes of fruits in total (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.68-0.91), citrus fruits (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.65-0.98), pome fruits (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.65-0.87), and tropical fruits (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73-0.94) reduced the BC risk. Greater consumption of vegetables in total, and specifically shoot vegetables, was associated with decreased BC risk (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68-0.96 and OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78-0.96, respectively). Substantial heterogeneity was observed for the associations between citrus fruits and total vegetables and BC risk. This comprehensive study provides compelling evidence that the consumption of fruits overall, citrus fruits, pome fruits and tropical fruits reduce the BC risk. Besides, evidence was found for an inverse association between total vegetables and shoot vegetables intake.

Associations of Eating Habits with Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents: A 42-Country Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents using a multiple-country sample. Cross-sectional data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2013/2014 wave was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables including breakfast on weekdays, breakfast at weekends, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soft dirks. Outcomes included self-rated health and life satisfaction. Regression models were used to assess the associations between the independent variables and the two outcomes, separately, after controlling for covariates. Results were presented using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of all the study participants (aged 11-15 years), 50.8% were girls. Compared with no consumption of breakfast on weekdays, eating breakfast for five days had 1.22 times greater likelihood for improved self-rated health (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.19-1.25, p < 0.001). Participants who ate breakfast for both days (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36-1.46, p < 0.001) and one day (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08-1.17, p < 0.001) were more likely to experience improved self-rated health compared to never eating breakfast at weekends. Five or more days for fruit and vegetable consumption resulted in better self-rated health (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found in terms of the associations of breakfast, fruit, and vegetable consumption with life satisfaction. For example, a higher frequency of fruit intake was associated with enhanced self-rated health (e.g., OR for more than once daily = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.34-1.51, p < 0.001) compared to no fruit consumption. Similarly, a higher-frequency vegetable intake, such as more than once daily (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26-1.39, p < 0.001), was associated with improved self-rated health. Healthy eating habits, especially regular breakfast and a higher consumption of vegetables and fruit, are associated with better self-rated health and life satisfaction in school-aged children. Of note, the consumption of fruit would have the greatest impact on health and wellbeing outcomes. This study offers evidence that healthy eating habits can play a vital role in school-aged children's health and wellbeing, highlighting the practical significance of educating adolescents to develop healthy eating habits.

Healthy Habits, Physical Activity, Stress, and Food Consumption Trends in Chilean Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels in the population due to radical lifestyle changes caused by containment measures. Studies suggest that high levels of stress may be related to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aims to explain how quarantine habits and lifestyles acted as risk factors for the frequency of this syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. An observational study was conducted with 34 Chilean participants (average age 24.5 ± 3.85 years), of whom 21 (62%) were female. Surveys on consumption trends and lifestyles created by the authors were administered. Additionally, we used the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21) to assess psychological stress and the Rome IV criteria to assess IBS. Significant differences were found between individuals with better healthy habits compared to those with poor healthy habits. The former showed lower sedentary activity (32%, p = 0.005), only 27% were fast eaters (vs. 44%, p = 0.001), had shorter nap intervals (14% vs. 28%, p = 0.03), and higher vegetable consumption (p = 0.02). There were 20 cases (59%) of IBS, with a strong association with the female sex (p = 0.004), where females were 15 times more likely to develop it compared to males (p = 0.008). Additionally, when alcohol consumption was added to females, there was a higher likelihood of developing this syndrome (p = 0.009), as individuals who consumed alcohol were 12 times more likely to develop it compared to those who did not (p = 0.02). Among other factors, it was observed that 57% of those with the syndrome consumed drinks more often (p = 0.02) but consumed fewer nuts (p = 0.009). In conclusion, IBS has a multifactorial etiology, and correcting individual habits such as alcohol consumption could potentially prevent or delay its development. Therefore, it is important to maintain healthy lifestyles, regardless of non-modifiable factors such as gender, in order to better cope with this syndrome.

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Factors Associated with Gastric Cancer

Numerous studies have investigated the associations between dietary components, behavioral patterns, and susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC). Diet and lifestyle cover a spectrum of both protective and harmful factors associated with GC. Additionally, non-modifiable factors such as age, gender, blood type, family history, and genetic predispositions may influence GC development. This review aims to explore the interplay between modifiable and non-modifiable factors, along with dietary habits and lifestyle practices, in relation to GC risk and the potential underlying mechanisms. We have synthesized the primary findings of observational studies (case-control and cohort), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses pertaining to preventive and deleterious factors affecting the incidence of gastric cancer. A literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Scopus for articles published in English from 2001 to 2024. The main search terms included body weight and body fat; diet; fruits and vegetables; meats and processed meats; fried and fast foods; milk and dairy products; salty foods; food and dietary patterns; fat and sweets intake; alcohol consumption; smoking; physical activity; age; sex; family history; blood type; genetics; and medication, and the risk of gastric cancer. Unhealthy dietary patterns, consumption of fried and fast foods, salty foods, alcohol, and smoking have been associated with an increased risk of GC. Non-modifiable factors such as advanced age, male sex, family history, genetics, and blood type A were linked to an elevated risk of GC. Conversely, physical activity and high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables may prevent GC occurrence due to the presence of antioxidants, fiber, and polyphenols. While many studies have demonstrated that dietary patterns loaded with red and processed meats were associated with a high risk of GC, others have yielded inconclusive results. Controversial findings regarding the relationship between body weight and body fat, medications, milk and dairy products, and fat and sweets consumption with the risk of GC were also observed. Adequate diet modification and addressing preventable factors may play a pivotal role in reducing the incidence of gastric cancer.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior among school-going adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: insights from the global school-based health survey.

The Global School Student Health Survey (GSHS) is being carried out by students in various countries across the globe to advance improved health programs for youth. However, in comparison to high-income countries, adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are generally at an early stage of understanding regarding physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), often exhibiting low levels of PA and high levels of SB. Furthermore, there is limited evidence connecting PA and SB in school-going adolescents from LMICs. The objective of this review was to synthesize the available evidence regarding PA and sedentary behavior among school-going adolescents in LMICs using data from the GSHS. On March 18, 2023, a systematic literature search was performed across four electronic databases, namely Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO with n odaterestrictions. Studies were eligible if they: (1) utilization of data sourced from the Global Student-based Health Survey; (2) exploration of physical activity; (3) specific focus on adolescents; (4) conducted in low- and middle-income countries; (5) study design encompassing observational; (6) published as English journal articles. Among the 29 studies included in the analysis, the majority revealed elevated levels of sedentary behavior and diminished levels of PA in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, notable disparities in physical engagement and sedentary behavior were noted between male and female adolescents (p < 0.001). Augmented PA among teenagers was observed to correlate with higher consumption of vegetables and fruits (AOR = 1.30; 95% CI [1.13-1.50]; p < 0.001), decreased alcohol consumption, and a reduced prevalence of loneliness and depression (aOR 1.37, 95% CI [1.18-1.59]). The results of this review affirm that in contrast to high-income countries, adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are in the early stages of comprehending physical activity, marked by low levels of PA. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in school-going adolescents from LMICs appear to be influenced by factors such as policies, cultural norms, socioeconomic conditions, as well as gender, and age.

Lifestyle-Driven Variations in Nutrimiromic MicroRNA Expression Patterns across and beyond Genders.

The importance of diet and lifestyle in maintaining overall health has long been recognised. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in the intricate interplay between health and disease. This study, including 305 participants, examined the role of miRNAs from capillary blood as indicators of individual physiological characteristics, diet, and lifestyle influences. Key findings include specific miRNAs associated with inflammatory processes and dietary patterns. Notably, miR-155 was associated with subjects with metabolic diseases and upregulated in age. Additionally, the study revealed diet-related miRNA expressions: high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains correlated with increased levels of miR-let-7a and miR-328, both implicated in anti-inflammatory pathways, and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory miR-21. In the context of smoking, we found a significant decrease in miRNA-142, known for its downregulation in lung cancer. We observed a sex-biased expression of various miRNAs with significant upregulation of miR-151a in females and a higher expression of miR-155 in ageing females, representing a possible mechanism for the increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, the study underscores the significant influence of lifestyle, nutrition, and sex on miRNA profiles. Circulating miRNAs demonstrate significant potential as biomarkers in personalized medicine, highlighting their utility in tailoring healthcare to individual needs.

Effect of vegetable consumption on risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and multi-level meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Vegetables are known to be beneficial to human health, but the association between vegetable consumption and gastric cancer remains uncertain. To synthesise knowledge about the relationship between vegetable group consumption and gastric cancer risk, update present meta-analyses and estimate associations between vegetable consumption and gastric cancer risk based solely on prospective studies, we perform a PRISMA-compliant three-level meta-analysis. Systematic search identified thirteen prospective studies with fifty-two effect sizes that met all inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) showed a positive association between high vegetable consumption and low gastric cancer risk (pooled RR 0·93, 95% confidence interval 0·90-0·97, P = 0·06). In moderator analyses for indicators of gender, region and quantity of vegetable intake, there was no significant difference between subgroups. However, the effect became significant in populations with lower than the minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) of vegetable consumption (P < 0·05). Higher vegetable intake is associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer. This effect may be limited to specific populations, such as ones with lower vegetable consumption. Evidence from our study has important public health implications for dietary recommendations.

Comparative analysis of dietary diversity and food consumption patterns among public and private University Students in Bangladesh

Introduction: University students represent a crucial period for establishing long-term dietary patterns and are particularly susceptible to nutritional challenges due to lifestyle changes. This study focuses on the dietary habits of university students in Bangladesh, a demographic undergoing significant changes in eating patterns amid urbanization and exposure to Westernized food cultures. Aim: This study aims to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics and dietary patterns of university students in Bangladesh, distinguishing between public and private university attendees. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted over four months at two public and two private universities in Bangladesh. The sample consisted of 296 students, selected through systematic random sampling. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Dietary diversity was assessed based on the last 24 hours’ intake, and household food consumption scores were calculated over the past 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 17) and Stata (Version 13). Results: The study consists of approximately equal representation of students from public (48.63%) and private (51.37%) universities, with a slight male majority (53.87%). Significant economic disparities were found between students from public and private universities, impacting their monthly expenditures and dietary habits. Students from private universities displayed a more diverse diet, especially in higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, and protein sources. A notable correlation was found between economic status and dietary diversity, with private university students having higher food consumption scores. Conclusion: The study highlights substantial socio-economic disparities between students from public and private universities in Bangladesh, significantly influencing their dietary habits. Findings emphasize the need for targeted nutritional interventions and educational programs to mitigate the gaps in dietary diversity and health among university students. The study provides valuable insights for public health policymakers and educators in understanding and addressing the nutritional needs and challenges of university students in Bangladesh.

Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins

Increasing evidence suggests that, compared with an omnivorous diet, a vegan diet confers potential cardiovascular benefits from improved diet quality (ie, higher consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds). To compare the effects of a healthy vegan vs healthy omnivorous diet on cardiometabolic measures during an 8-week intervention. This single-center, population-based randomized clinical trial of 22 pairs of twins (N = 44) randomized participants to a vegan or omnivorous diet (1 twin per diet). Participant enrollment began March 28, 2022, and continued through May 5, 2022. The date of final follow-up data collection was July 20, 2022. This 8-week, open-label, parallel, dietary randomized clinical trial compared the health impact of a vegan diet vs an omnivorous diet in identical twins. Primary analysis included all available data. Twin pairs were randomized to follow a healthy vegan diet or a healthy omnivorous diet for 8 weeks. Diet-specific meals were provided via a meal delivery service from baseline through week 4, and from weeks 5 to 8 participants prepared their own diet-appropriate meals and snacks. The primary outcome was difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration from baseline to end point (week 8). Secondary outcome measures were changes in cardiometabolic factors (plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin levels and serum trimethylamine N-oxide level), plasma vitamin B12 level, and body weight. Exploratory measures were adherence to study diets, ease or difficulty in following the diets, participant energy levels, and sense of well-being. A total of 22 pairs (N = 44) of twins (34 [77.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 39.6 [12.7] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 25.9 [4.7]) were enrolled in the study. After 8 weeks, compared with twins randomized to an omnivorous diet, the twins randomized to the vegan diet experienced significant mean (SD) decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (-13.9 [5.8] mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.3 to -2.4 mg/dL), fasting insulin level (-2.9 [1.3] μIU/mL; 95% CI, -5.3 to -0.4 μIU/mL), and body weight (-1.9 [0.7] kg; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.6 kg). In this randomized clinical trial of the cardiometabolic effects of omnivorous vs vegan diets in identical twins, the healthy vegan diet led to improved cardiometabolic outcomes compared with a healthy omnivorous diet. Clinicians can consider this dietary approach as a healthy alternative for their patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05297825.

Evaluation of lifestyle change in patients with cardiovascular event in an Italian regional hospital

Abstract Background Lifestyle change is one of the tertiary measures undertaken to prevent a new Cardiovascular Event (CVE). In order to evaluate critical issues and undertake actions aimed at improving preventive strategies, we carried out a cross-sectional survey to assess post-CVE lifestyle in patients aged 18-79 years affected by CVE in the 5 years prior to their current admission to Miulli Hospital (Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy) (702 beds, 64 wards). Methods Consecutive patients were enrolled (10/20/22-4/4/23). Data were collected by means of an anonymous questionnaire based on literature. Patients were matched, according to gender, age and level of education, with two control groups: one constituted by healthy controls (ratio 1:10) and the other by CVE patients (ratio 1:2) involved in the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS). Results Forty-two subjects (a number suitable for statistical analysis) were enrolled (73.8% male). They ate fruit and vegetables at least once/day, with an increase from the pre-CVE period (fruit: 61.9% vs 69%; vegetables: 59.5% vs 66.7%) to levels similar to healthy subjects (fruit: 71.7%; vegetables: 66%). Comparison with the CVE EHIS group revealed lower fruit consumption (69% vs 78.6%) but higher vegetable consumption (66.7% vs 52.4%). The proportion of those who did not use alcohol increased after CVE (64.3% vs 69%) to higher levels than in the control groups (healthy subjects: 56.9%; CVE EHIS group: 61.9%). Fish consumption increased from 1-3 times/week (45.2% vs 38.1%) to 4-6 times/week (23.8% vs 33.3%). Red meat consumption decreased from 4-6 times/week (33.3% vs 14.3%) to 1-3 times/week (50% vs 64.3%). A reduction in smoking followed CVE similarly to the EHIS population (90.5% VS 84.5%). No improvement in physical activity was recorded. Conclusions The activities of tertiary prevention undertaken yielded a lifestyle improvement in post-CVE patients, who adopted similar habits to those of healthy subjects. Key messages • In post-CVE patients, preventive measures can be enhanced through medical counseling at the time of discharge. • Lifestyle surveillance in post-CVE patients should be strengthened.

Personality traits and health-related behaviors in medical students facing a stressful event.

It is believed that personality traits have an impact on the propensity to change and maintain favorable lifestyle habits. This issue has been raised by multiple studies, however, none of them appeared to focus on population under severe psychological stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link between personality traits and health-related behaviors and measures such as dietary intake of specific food products, physical activity, body-mass index and the use of cigarettes in medical students facing a stressful event. The study included a cohort of third-year medical students from the Medical University of Lodz, Poland, facing a stressful subject exam during the first COVID-19-related lockdown. At baseline, personality traits were evaluated with the use of the Polish version of the Big Five Inventory-Short questionnaire. Then, consumption of selected food products was monitored with the use of seven-day electronic dietary record. Also, some other health-related data was collected (body-mass index, physical activity and the use of cigarettes). General Linear Modeling techniques, logistic regression and exploratory factor analysis were applied to analyze the data. Four hundred and forty-four students completed the study. A two-factor pattern of food consumption was discovered by the exploratory factor analysis in the study group (34% of the variance explained). Higher conscientiousness, but not the other personality traits, was found to be significantly associated with generally healthier lifestyle manifested by higher consumption of vegetables, wholegrain products, fruits and nuts (adjusted beta 0.16, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.26, pη2 = 2.3%, p = 0.0015) and lower cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio 0.84, 95%CI 0.75 to 0.94, p = 0.0020), but insignificantly with physical activity and body-mass index. Severely stressed medical students expressing high conscientiousness tend to present healthier behaviors. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving lifestyle habits in students with low conscientiousness might be useful.

Urinary pesticide mixture patterns and exposure determinants in the adult population from the Netherlands and Switzerland: Application of a suspect screening approach

IntroductionNon-occupational sources of pesticide exposure may include domestic pesticide usage, diet, occupational exposure of household members, and agricultural activities in the residential area. We conducted a study with the ambition to characterize pesticide mixture patterns in a sample of the adult population of the Netherlands and Switzerland, using a suspect screening approach and to identify related exposure determinants. MethodsA total of 105 and 295 adults participated in the Dutch and Swiss studies, respectively. First morning void urine samples were collected and analyzed in the same laboratory. Harmonized questionnaires about personal characteristics, pesticide-related activities, and diet were administered. Detection rates and co-occurrence patterns were calculated to explore internal pesticide exposure patterns. Censored linear and logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the association between exposure and domestic pesticide usage, consumption of homegrown and organic foods, household members’ exposure, and distance to agricultural and forest areas. ResultsFrom the 37 detected biomarkers, 3 (acetamiprid (-CH2), chlorpropham (4-HSA), and flonicamid (-C2HN)) were detected in ≥40% of samples. The most frequent combination of biomarkers (acetamiprid-flonicamid) was detected in 22 (5.5%) samples. Regression models revealed an inverse association between high organic vegetable and fruit consumption and exposure to acetamiprid, chlorpropham, propamocarb (+O), and pyrimethanil (+O + SO3). Within-individual correlations in repeated samples (summer/winter) from the Netherlands were low (≤0.3), and no seasonal differences in average exposures were observed in Switzerland. ConclusionHigh consumption of organic fruit and vegetables was associated with lower pesticide exposure. In the two countries, detection rates and co-occurrence were typically low, and within-person variability was high. Our study results provide an indication for target biomarkers to include in future studies aimed at quantifying urinary exposure levels in European adult populations.