High Sucrose Concentrations Research Articles

Dexamethasone-releasing PLGA films containing sucrose particles as porogens

The objective of this study was to investigate the use of sucrose particles as a porogen for preparing porous poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) films containing dexamethasone by solvent casting technique to modulate PLGA degradation and drug release. Increasing the sucrose content up to 30 % decreased PLGA degradation and extended the drug release duration, a further increase to more than 60 % shortened the release duration. Sucrose created cavities and increased the internal pore surface area for the exchange of degraded acidic oligomers and monomers. This process decreased the autocatalysis within the PLGA matrix, resulting in slower drug release at lower sucrose content. At higher sucrose content, the interconnectivity of the PLGA matrix increased, accelerating the drug release of the entrapped drug. Decreasing the particle size of sucrose has a similar impact on PLGA degradation and drug release as increasing sucrose content. Smaller sucrose particles formed more cavities and a larger overall acidic exchange surface areas. Only 20% nanosized sucrose resulted in a quasi-linear release profile with interconnected sucrose particles, while 60% micronized or 100% non-micronized sucrose particles were necessary to achieve the same effect. In conclusion, modifying the content and particle size of sucrose effectively altered PLGA degradation and drug release, with nanosized sucrose being the most effective porogen. The data obtained with PLGA films could be potentially applied to other PLGA drug delivery systems such as microparticles or implants.

QUALITY OF ACACIA CARPA HONEY AS A POTENTIAL INGREDIENT FOR CHILDREN’S MOUTHWASH

Dental caries is a dental disease that is most often experienced by people. One way to prevent caries is to gargle with mouthwash. Honey has become one of the natural ingredients that can be used as a mouthwash drug content. Jambi Province is one of the provinces that makes honey a non-timber forest product (NTFP). It is necessary to carry out physical and chemical tests on honey to determine the quality of honey as a basic ingredient for mouthwash. The honey samples examined were honey harvested from honey farms in Danau Lamo, Maro Sebo District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province. This type of honey is Acacia Carpa (Acacia crassicarpa) honey from Apis mellifera honey bee farming. The honey tested consisted of honey that had undergone processing and raw honey. The honey testing carried out consists of organoleptic tests, physical tests and chemical tests. Testing was carried out at the Jambi Province Department of Industry and Trade. The inspection results show test results that comply with SNI 8664-2018 such as water content, water-insoluble solids, ash content, HMF, and diastase enzyme levels. The pH of honey is 3.7 and is in accordance with the honey pH standard. Substances that do not comply with SNI 8664-2018 are reducing sugar levels and sucrose levels. Honey with high sucrose content can still be used as a basic ingredient for mouthwash, but it must be based on the results of clinical trials to ensure its effectiveness and safety

Ethanol and 2-phenylethanol production by bee-isolated Meyerozyma caribbica strains

Investigating the biotechnological potential of wild microorganisms is paramount for optimizing bioprocesses. Given this premise, we looked for yeasts in Brazilian native stingless bees, considering the recognized potential of pollinating insect-associated microorganisms for the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two yeast strains of the species Meyerozyma caribbica were isolated from bees Scaptotrigona postica and evaluated for their fermentative capacity. Both yeasts were capable of fermenting sucrose (the main sugar used in the Brazilian ethanol industry) with over 90% efficiency and yields of up to 0.504 g/g. Through an experimental design analysis (CCD), it was verified that the ethanol productivity of these yeasts can also benefit from high concentrations of sucrose and low pH values, desirable traits for microorganisms in this biofuel production. At the same time, CCD analyses also showed the great capacity of these M. caribbica strains to produce another alcohol of broad biotechnological interest, 2-phenylethanol. Interestingly, the statistical analyses demonstrated that greater production of this compound can occur at high sugar concentrations and low availability of nitrogen sources, which can be easily achieved using residual low-cost feedstocks. Thus, our results suggest that these M. caribbica strains may be efficiently used in both ethanol and 2-phenylethanol production.

Screening Germplasms and Detecting Quantitative Trait Loci for High Sucrose Content in Soybean

Sucrose is a desirable component of processed soybean foods and animal feed, and thus, its content is used as an important characteristic for assessing the quality of soybean seeds. However, few studies have focused on the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with sucrose regulation in soybean seeds. This study aims to measure the sucrose content of 1014 soybean accessions and identify genes related to high sucrose levels using QTL analysis. Colorimetric analysis based on the enzymatic reaction of invertase (INV) and glucose oxidase (GOD) was employed to test the germplasms. A total of six high-sucrose genetic resources (IT186230, IT195321, IT263138, IT263276, IT263286, and IT276521) and two low-sucrose genetic resources (IT025668 and IT274054) were identified. Two F2:3 populations, IT186230 × IT025668 and Ilmi × IT186230, were then established from these germplasms. QTL analysis identified four QTLs (qSUC6.1, qSUC11.1, qSUC15.1, and qSUC17.1), explaining 7.3–27.6% of the phenotypic variation in the sugar content. Twenty candidate genes were found at the four QTLs. Notably, Glyma.17G152300, located in the qSUC17.1 QTL region, exhibited a 17-fold higher gene expression in the high-sucrose germplasm IT186230 compared to the control germplasm Ilmi, confirming its role as a major gene regulating the sucrose content in soybean. These results may assist in marker-assisted selection for breeding programs that aim to develop soybean lines with a higher sucrose content.

High fat intake aggravates hyperlipidemia and suppresses fatty liver symptoms induced by a high-sucrose diet in rats.

Overconsumption of sucrose or fat is widely acknowledged as a prominent feature of unhealthy dietary patterns. Both factors commonly co-occur and are recognized as hallmarks of the Western diet, which is an important contributor to non-communicative diseases. In this study, we investigated the hazards of high sucrose or fat intake, either alone or in combination. Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed a control starch diet, high-sucrose diet, high-fat diet, or high-sucrose/fat diet for 30 days. High fat intake increased body weight and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights. Both high-sucrose and -fat diets were associated with increased plasma triglyceride and glucose levels, and high sucrose also elevated plasma cholesterol levels. The combination of high sucrose and fat synergistically elevated plasma triglyceride levels. The high-sucrose diet increased liver weight and hepatic total lipid and triglyceride levels, whereas this increase was suppressed by the high-fat diet. The high sucrose increased the mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and transport (ACLY, ACACA, FAS, ELOVL6, SCD1, SREBP1, and CD36), whereas the high fat suppressed the high sucrose-induced expression of these genes. We observed that high sucrose and fat contents differently exerted their effects on hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Furthermore, high fat aggravated hyperlipidemia and suppressed fatty liver induced by high sucrose.

Boosting Fructosyl Transferase's Thermostability and Catalytic Performance for Highly Efficient Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) Production.

Achieving enzymatic food processing at high substrate concentrations can significantly enhance production efficiency; however, related studies are notably insufficient. This study focused on the enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) at high temperature and high substrate concentration. Results revealed that increased viscosity and limited substrate solubility in high-concentration systems could be alleviated by raising the reaction temperature, provided it aligned with the enzyme's thermostability. Further analysis of enzyme thermostability in real sucrose solutions demonstrates that the enzyme's thermostability was remarkedly improved at higher sucrose concentrations, evidenced by a 10.3 °C increase in melting temperature (Tm) in an 800 g/L sucrose solution. Building upon these findings, we developed a novel method for enzymatic FOS synthesis at elevated temperatures and high sucrose concentrations. Compared to existing commercial methods, the initial transglycosylation rate and volumetric productivity for FOS synthesis increased by 155.9% and 113.5%, respectively, at 65 °C in an 800 g/L sucrose solution. This study underscores the pivotal role of substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and the enzyme's actual status in advancing enzyme-catalyzed processes and demonstrates the potential of enzymatic applications in enhancing food processing technologies, providing innovative strategies for the food industry.

Possibility of Replacing Sugar with Apple Puree in Muffins

Muffins are a popular pastry product around the world, but due to their high sucrose content, they are high in calories. To meet customer demand for muffins with less sugar content, in this research, sugar was replaced with apple puree in different percentages (0–100%). For replacement levels between 0 and 50%, the physical, textural, and rheological properties did not show significant changes compared to the control sample. Higher levels of replacement (50–100%) led to changes in some quality attributes: specific gravity and loss on ripening increased significantly, height and volume decreased significantly (from 49.66 ± 0.02 to 43.36 ± 0.12, respectively, and from 60.00 ± 0.04 to 51.00 ± 0.05), springiness decreased (from 0.689 ± 0.01 to 0.504 ± 0.00), and cohesiveness did not show significant differences. The results obtained suggest that successful reduction in sucrose in muffins is possible by using apple puree at replacement levels of up to 50%, thus maintaining a similar textural quality to muffins with sugar.

Evaluation of seed sett ages and stem segment position on sugarcane yield and yield related traits

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plays a vital role in tropical and sub-tropical economies due to its high sucrose content, bioenergy potential, and drought resistance. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of different seed sett (seed material) ages and variations in stem position of the seed setts on both yield and yield related traits of sugarcane cv. Khon Kaen3 (KK3). The experiment was laid out by 3×3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor A represented sugarcane seed sett ages (8, 9 and 10 months old), factor B represented different stem positions where seed setts segments were sectioned out (basal, mid and top part) and- used as planting material (clones). Agronomic management was administered at recommended rates and the growth, development and yield traits were observed. The results showed that seed sett ages influenced the number of tillers at specific growth stages, while different segments affected leaf area (LA) and stalk fresh weight. Seed sett age and position showed significant interactions for some traits. Notably, juice yield was significantly affected by both seed sett ages and segments, with the combination of 10-month-old seed setts and the middle segment yielding the highest juice. Brix value, a crucial trait for sugar production, remained unaffected by these factors. Dry matter accumulation was inconsistent, with seed sett ages impacting stalk dry weight. In conclusion, the results showed that most growth and development traits were not influenced by seed sett ages and stem position segments, but most importantly juice yield at maturity was influenced by seed sett age and position of stem segments. These findings enhance our understanding of sugarcane cultivation practices, offering valuable insights for optimizing planting strategies in the sugarcane industry.

Acptp2,3 participates in the regulation of spore production, stress response, and pigments synthesis in Aspergillus cirstatus.

Aspergillus cristatus was a filamentous fungus that produced sexual spores under hypotonic stress and asexual spores under hypertonic stress. It could be useful for understanding filamentous fungi's sporulation mechanism. Previously, we conducted functional studies on Achog1, which regulated the hyperosmotic glycerol signaling (HOG) pathway and found that SI65_02513 was significantly downregulated in the transcriptomics data of ΔAchog1 knockout strain. This gene was located at multiple locations in the HOG pathway, indicating that it might play an important role in the HOG pathway of A. cristatus. Furthermore, the function of this gene had not been identified in Aspergillus fungi, necessitating further investigation. This gene's conserved domain study revealed that it has the same protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) functional domain as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hence SI65_02513 was named Acptp2,3. The function of this gene was mostly validated using gene knockout and gene complementation approaches. Knockout strains exhibited sexual and asexual development, as well as pigments synthesis. Morphological observations of the knockout strain were carried out under several stress conditions (osmotic stress, oxidative stress, Congo Red, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the expression of genes involved in sporulation, stress response, and pigments synthesis. The deletion of Acptp2,3 reduced sexual and asexual spore production by 4.4 and 4.6 times, demonstrating that Acptp2,3 positively regulated the sporulation of A. cristatus. The sensitivity tests to osmotic stress revealed that ΔAcptp2,3 strains did not respond to sorbitol-induced osmotic stress. However, ΔAcptp2.3 strains grew considerably slower than the wild type in high concentration sucrose medium. The ΔAcptp2,3 strains grew slower than the wild type on media containing hydrogen peroxide, Congo red, and SDS. These findings showed that Acptp2,3 favorably controlled osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and cell wall-damaging chemical stress in A. cristatus. Deleting Acptp2,3 resulted in a deeper colony color, demonstrating that Apctp2,3 regulated pigment synthesis in A. cistatus. The expression levels of numerous stress-and pigments-related genes matched the phenotypic data. According to our findings, Acptp2,3 played an important role in the regulation of sporulation, stress response, and pigments synthesis in A. cristatus. This was the first study on the function of PTPs in Aspergillus fungi.

Possible Mechanism of Sucrose and Trehalose-6-Phosphate in Regulating the Secondary Flower on the Strong Upright Spring Shoots of Blueberry Planted in Greenhouse.

Secondary flowering is the phenomenon in which a tree blooms twice or more times a year. Along with the development of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits in spring, a large number of secondary flowers on the strong upright spring shoots were noticed in blueberries planted in the greenhouse. To reveal the cause and possible regulatory mechanism of the phenomenon, we clarified the phenological characteristics of flower bud differentiation and development on the spring shoots by combining phenological phenotype with anatomical observation. Furthermore, the changes in carbohydrates, trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P), and the relationship among the key enzyme regulatory genes for Tre6P metabolism and the key regulatory genes for flower formation during the differentiation process of apical buds and axillary buds were investigated. The results showed that the process of flower bud differentiation and flowering of apical and axillary buds was consistent, accompanied by a large amount of carbohydrate consumption. This process was positively correlated with the expression trends of VcTPS1/2, VcSnRK1, VcFT, VcLFY2, VcSPL43, VcAP1, and VcDAM in general, and negatively correlated with that of VcTPP. In addition, there is a certain difference in the differentiation progress of flower buds between the apical and axillary buds. Compared with axillary buds, apical buds had higher contents of sucrose, fructose, glucose, Tre6P, and higher expression levels of VcTPS2, VcFT, VcSPL43, and VcAP1. Moreover, VcTPS1 and VcTPS2 were more closely related to the physiological substances (sucrose and Tre6P) in axillary bud and apical bud differentiation, respectively. It was suggested that sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate play a crucial role in promoting flower bud differentiation in strong upright spring shoots, and VcTPS1 and VcTPS2 might play a central role in these activities. Our study provided substantial sight for further study on the mechanism of multiple flowering of blueberries and laid a foundation for the regulation and utilization of the phenomenon of multiple flowering in a growing season of perennial woody plants.

Exploring Levansucrase Operon Regulating Levan-Type Fructooligosaccharides (L-FOSs) Production in Priestia koreensis HL12.

Levan biopolymer and levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOSs) are β-2,6-linked fructans that have been used as non-digestible dietary fiber and prebiotic oligosaccharides in food and cosmeceutical applications. In this study, we explore the operon responsible for levan and L-FOSs production in Priestia koreensis HL12. Presented is the first genomic perspective on sucrose utilization and the levan biosynthesis pathway in this bacterium. Regarding sequence annotation, the putative levansucrase operon responsible for β-2,6-linked fructan was identified in the genome of strain HL12, and comprises sacB levansucrase gene belonging to GH68, located adjacent to levB endo-levanase gene, which belongs to GH32. Importantly, sugars related with the levan biosynthesis pathway are proposed to be transported via 3 types of transportation systems, including multiple ABCSugar and glucose/H+ transporters, as well as glucose- and fructose-specific PTS systems. Based on product profile analysis, the HL12 strain exhibited high efficiency in levan production from high sucrose concentration (300 g/l), achieving the highest yield of 127 g/l (equivalent to 55% conversion based on sucrose consumption), together with short-chain L-FOSs (DP3-5) and long-chain L-FOSs with respective size larger than DP6 after 48 h incubation. These findings highlight the potential of P. koreensis HL12 as a whole-cell biocatalyst for producing levan and L-FOSs, and underscore its novelty in converting sugars into high-value-added products for diverse commercial and industrial applications.

The Impact of the Growth Regulators and Cultivation Conditions of Temporary Immersion Systems (TISs) on the Morphological Characteristics of Potato Explants and Microtubers

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) constitute one of the most economically important annual crops. In terms of tissue culture, potato microtubers (MTs) have a number of advantages over conventional plants. These advantages include their small size, which greatly facilitates storage, transport, and germplasm exchange compared to in vitro plants. One effective solution for the production and mass propagation of healthy MTs is the use of temporary immersion systems (TISs). In this study, in a SETISTM system containing kinetin/gibberellic acid (GA)/indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormones, we investigated the effects of different nutrient media on the morphological characteristics of potato explants and MTs. We determined the optimal cycling duration (3 h) with an immersion frequency of 2 min. The results revealed that the optimal nutrient medium for culturing single-node potato explants in a SETISTM bioreactor was the M7 medium containing kinetin (2 mg/L), GA (0.5 mg/L), and IBA (0.5 mg/L). The optimal nutrient medium for obtaining potato MTs was the M1 medium (hormone-free) with a high concentration of sucrose (9%) at 18 °C under dark growing conditions. Thus, a universal nutrient medium, employed in a bioreactor, was selected for the mass propagation of potato MTs for both domestic and foreign potato varieties.

The chloroplast pentatricopeptide repeat protein RCN22 regulates tiller number in rice by affecting sugar levels via the TB1–RCN22–RbcL module

As an important yield component, rice tiller number controls panicle number and determines grain yield. Regulation of rice tiller number by chloroplast pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins has not been reported previously. Here, we report the rice reduced culm number22 (rcn22) mutant, which produces few tillers owing to suppressed tiller bud elongation. Map-based cloning revealed that RCN22 encodes a chloroplast-localized P-type PPR protein. We found that RCN22 specifically binds to the 5′ UTR of RbcL mRNA (encoding the large subunit of Rubisco) and enhances its stability. The reduced abundance of RbcL mRNA in rcn22 leads to a lower photosynthetic rate and decreased sugar levels. Consequently, transcript levels of DWARF3 (D3) and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) (which encode negative regulators of tiller bud elongation) are increased, whereas protein levels of the positive regulator DWARF53 (D53) are decreased. Furthermore, high concentrations of sucrose can rescue the tiller bud growth defect of the rcn22 mutant. On the other hand, TB1 directly binds to the RCN22 promoter and downregulates its expression. The tb1/rcn22 double mutant shows a tillering phenotype similar to that of rcn22. Our results suggest that the TB1–RCN22–RbcL module plays a vital role in rice tiller bud elongation by affecting sugar levels.

The Influence of Sucrose on Biomass and Glycosides Content of Callus Cultured from the Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni contains diterpenoid steviol glycosides that have no adverse impact on blood sugar levels despite being 300 times sweeter than sugar. This study aimed to investigate the rate of callus induction from stevia leaves and the content of glycosides when changing the sucrose percentage in the culture medium.. Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supported by 4.0 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA) was used, and different concentrations of sucrose (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%) were tested .The extraction of glycosides from leaf and callus tissues was performed by using methanol. Extracted glycosides were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed significant influences of sucrose on callus initiation. The concentration of 3% sucrose had the highest fresh and dry weight. No callus was induced in the MS medium with a high concentration of sucrose (5% and 6%). However, the highest glycoside content, stevioside and rebaudioside were obtained from callus treated with 4% concentration followed by 3% sucrose the treatment . The highest fresh and dry weight average was obtained with a 3% concentration of sucrose, this treatment also increased the concentration of glycosides in the callus twice as much as in the leaves, and concentrations of 3% and 4% of sucrose gave very similar concentrations of glycosides in callus in terms of being double what was found in the leaves something which may aid in the development of a stevia glycosides based industry.

Transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analyses reveal key genes and pathways involved in early fruit ripening in Citrus sinensis

BackgroundThe fruit ripening period is an important target trait in fruit tree crop breeding programs. Thus, citrus tree breeders seek to develop extreme early ripening cultivars that allow optimization of citrus maturation periods. In this study, we explored the regulatory network involved in fruit ripening in Citrus sinensis using the ‘Newhall’ navel orange variety and its early-ripening mutant, ‘Gannanzao’. This research will provide a basis for further research on important signaling pathways, gene functions and variety breeding of Citrus sinensis related to fruit ripening period.ResultsPhysiological analyses suggested that early fruit ripening in ‘Gannanzao’ is regulated by early accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), persistently high levels of jasmonic acid (JA), and higher sucrose content in the pericarp. Pericarp samples from ‘Gannanzao’ and ‘Newhall’ navel oranges were sampled for RNA sequencing analysis at 180, 200, and 220 days after flowering; 1430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and sugar metabolism pathways, as well as other pathways related to fruit ripening. Important DEGs associated with fruit ripening in ‘Gannanzao’ included genes involved in ABA and JA metabolism and signal transduction, as well as sugar metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that the deep pink module had the strongest correlations with ABA content, JA content, and early ripening. Based on gene functionality and gene expression analyses of 37 genes in this module, two candidate hub genes and two ethylene response factor 13 (ERF13) genes (Cs_ont_5g000690 and Cs_ont_5g000700) were identified as key genes regulated by ABA and JA signaling. These findings will help to clarify the mechanisms that underlie early citrus fruit ripening and will lead to the development of excellent genetic resources for further breeding of extreme early-ripening varieties.ConclusionsThrough analyses of the ‘Newhall’ navel orange cultivar and its early-ripening mutant ‘Gannanzao’, we identified genes involved in ABA and JA metabolism, signal transduction, and sugar metabolism that were related to fruit ripening. Among these, two ERF13 genes were inferred to be key genes in the regulation of fruit ripening. These findings provide insights into the genetic architecture related to early fruit ripening in C. sinensis.

Probiotic Growth Pattern and Physicochemical Evaluation of Water Kefir Fermentation

Probiotics are live-friendly microorganisms that can confer a health benefit on the host if it is consumed in sufficient amounts. Water kefir is a probiotic-rich fermented beverage that contains multi-species of live cultures. Brown sugar and palm sugar were used for water kefir fermentation due to their high sucrose and mineral contents. The objective of this study was to determine the probiotic growth pattern of water kefir and to evaluate the physicochemical parameters, including the pH changes, lactic acid content, reducing sugar content, and total soluble solids. The fermented water kefir was collected at every 6-hour interval, until the end of 72 hours of fermentation. The growth curve was determined by enumerated probiotics on De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar, Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose (YPD) agar, and Gluconobacter (GM) agar plates, respectively. MRS, YPD, and GM agar plates were used to enumerate lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and acetic acid bacteria, respectively. The result showed increased probiotic growth as fermentation time increased with different phases observed from the growth curve. The stationary phase of probiotics was recorded at 30-42 h and was recommended as the optimal harvesting point. Besides, longer fermentation time produced lower pH values and lower total soluble solids while higher lactic acid and higher reducing sugars. At the end of fermentation, the concentration of lactic acid and reducing sugars were 2.16 ± 0.09 g/L and 13.66 ± 0.14 mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, probiotics from water kefir fermentation are suggested to be best harvested between 30-42 hours and can be used for self-consume or downstream processing.

Impact of Dietary Fiber on Soft Drinks with Varied Sweeteners

In the present work, the characteristics of the effect of dietary fiber in two types of soft drinks were compared, considering beverages with low and high sucrose content, using a 22 experiment design for the independent variables amount of dietary fiber and sucrose content. The dependent variable was the percentage of soluble solids, and experimental runs were carried out to establish the stability of the product during the process. The design mentioned above determined significant differences in physicochemical parameters, such as increased fiber percentage and sucrose amount in final brix degrees. Samples of the Beverage were taken during processing and evaluated over time to establish the behavior of soluble solids, density, and the amount of fiber during the pasteurization process, which was determined at 85ºC for 120 seconds. The behavior of the unpasteurized soft drink was also studied at refrigeration temperature for one day in samples with sucrose and partially substituted with sucralose, enriched with dietary fiber and without its addition, to evaluate and analyze if the thermal effect determines a significant difference in the quality of the finished product. The laboratory analyses were based on a quantitative, enzymatic-gravimetric analysis of dietary fiber and soluble solids. The best option was chosen considering the best variety of soft drinks with low sucrose content and enriched with dietary fiber, increasing the beverage's nutritional value. This selection was implemented in a soft drink factory, and the procedure was standardized at the industrial level. The development of this research contributed to technological improvements reflected in the product's final price, minimizing costs and highlighting that with a minimum investment, it is competitive. The results of the tests performed on the carbonated beverage to determine the response variables were statistically analyzed using STATGRAPHICS software. The triplicate results of each trial were initially evaluated for significant differences attributable to the treatments, and the validity of the data was verified by analysis of their distributions, considering a relative error of less than 10%. Finally, current computer programs automatically calculate the p-value, and for the interpretation of the various results, this calculated value is compared with a pre-established confidence level, which generally is 95%. Keywords: increased fiber; soluble solids; sucralose; sucrose.

Impact of Dietary Fiber on Soft Drinks with Varied Sweeteners

In the present work, the characteristics of the effect of dietary fiber in two types of soft drinks were compared, considering beverages with low and high sucrose content, using a 22 experiment design for the independent variables amount of dietary fiber and sucrose content. The dependent variable was the percentage of soluble solids, and experimental runs were carried out to establish the stability of the product during the process. The design mentioned above determined significant differences in physicochemical parameters, such as increased fiber percentage and sucrose amount in final brix degrees. Samples of the Beverage were taken during processing and evaluated over time to establish the behavior of soluble solids, density, and the amount of fiber during the pasteurization process, which was determined at 85ºC for 120 seconds. The behavior of the unpasteurized soft drink was also studied at refrigeration temperature for one day in samples with sucrose and partially substituted with sucralose, enriched with dietary fiber and without its addition, to evaluate and analyze if the thermal effect determines a significant difference in the quality of the finished product. The laboratory analyses were based on a quantitative, enzymatic-gravimetric analysis of dietary fiber and soluble solids. The best option was chosen considering the best variety of soft drinks with low sucrose content and enriched with dietary fiber, increasing the beverage's nutritional value. This selection was implemented in a soft drink factory, and the procedure was standardized at the industrial level. The development of this research contributed to technological improvements reflected in the product's final price, minimizing costs and highlighting that with a minimum investment, it is competitive. The results of the tests performed on the carbonated beverage to determine the response variables were statistically analyzed using STATGRAPHICS software. The triplicate results of each trial were initially evaluated for significant differences attributable to the treatments, and the validity of the data was verified by analysis of their distributions, considering a relative error of less than 10%. Finally, current computer programs automatically calculate the p-value, and for the interpretation of the various results, this calculated value is compared with a pre-established confidence level, which generally is 95%. Keywords: increased fiber; soluble solids; sucralose; sucrose.

Identification of male sterility-related genes in Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum.

Candidate male sterility genes were identified in sugarcane, which interacts with kinase-related proteins, transcription factors, and plant hormone signaling pathways to regulate stamen and anther development. Saccharum officinarum is a cultivated sugarcane species that its predominant feature is high sucrose content in stems. Flowering is necessary for breeding new cultivars but will terminate plant growth and reduce sugar yield. The wild sugarcane species Saccharum spontaneum has robust and viable pollen, whereas most S. officinarum accessions are male sterile, which isa desirable trait of a maternal parent in sugarcane breeding. To study male sterility and related regulatory pathways in sugarcane, we carried out RNAseq using flowers in different developmental stages between male-sterile S. officinarum accession 'LA Purple' and fertile S. spontaneum accession 'SES208'. Gene expression profiles were used to detect how genes are differentially expressed between male sterile and fertile flowers and to identify candidate genes for male sterility. Weighted gene correlation networks analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to investigate the regulatory networks. Transcriptomic analyses showed that 988 genes and 2888 alleles were differentially expressed in S. officinarum compared to S. spontaneum. Ten differentially expressed genes and thirty alleles were identified as candidate genes and alleles for male sterility in sugarcane. The gene Sspon.03G0007630 and two alleles of the gene Sspon.08G0002270, Sspon.08G0002270-2B and Sspon.08G0014700-1A, were involved in the early stamen or carpel development stages, while the remaining genes were classified into the post-meiosis stage. Gibberellin, auxin, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways are involved in the stamen development in sugarcane. The results expanded our knowledge of male sterility-related genes in sugarcane and generated genomic resources to facilitate the selection of ideal maternal parents to improve breeding efficiency.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of vegetable soybean grain discloses genes essential for grain quality

BackgroundVegetable soybean is an important vegetable crop in world. Seed size and soluble sugar content are considered crucial indicators of quality in vegetable soybean, and there is a lack of clarity on the molecular basis of grain quality in vegetable soybean.ResultsIn this context, we performed a comprehensive comparative transcriptome analysis of seeds between a high-sucrose content and large-grain variety (Zhenong 6, ZN6) and a low-sucrose content and small-grain variety (Williams 82, W82) at three developmental stages, i.e. stage R5 (Beginning Seed), stage R6 (Full Seed), and stage R7 (Beginning Maturity). The transcriptome analysis showed that 17,107 and 13,571 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ZN6 at R6 (vs. R5) and R7 (vs. R6), respectively, whereas 16,203 and 16,032 were detected in W82. Gene expression pattern and DEGs functional enrichment proposed genotype-specific biological processes during seed development. The genes participating in soluble sugar biosynthesis such as FKGP were overexpressed in ZN6, whereas those responsible for lipid and protein metabolism such as ALDH3 were more enhanced in W82, exhibiting different dry material accumulation between two genotypes. Furthermore, hormone-associated transcriptional factors involved in seed size regulation such as BEH4 were overrepresented in ZN6, exhibiting different seed size regulation processes between two genotypes.ConclusionsHerein, we not only discovered the differential expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes involved in seed composition, but also identified a type of hormone-associated transcriptional factors overexpressed in ZN6, which may regulate seed size and soluble content. This study provides new insights into the underlying causes of differences in the soybean metabolites and appearance, and suggests that genetic data can be used to improve its appearance and textural quality.