High Cohesion Research Articles

Microbial species and intraspecies units exist and are maintained by ecological cohesiveness coupled to high homologous recombination.

Recent genomic analyses have revealed that microbial communities are predominantly composed of persistent, sequence-discrete species and intraspecies units (genomovars), but the mechanisms that create and maintain these units remain unclear. By analyzing closely-related isolate genomes from the same or related samples and identifying recent recombination events using a novel bioinformatics methodology, we show that high ecological cohesiveness coupled to frequent-enough and unbiased (i.e., not selection-driven) horizontal gene flow, mediated by homologous recombination, often underlie these diversity patterns. Ecological cohesiveness was inferred based on greater similarity in temporal abundance patterns of genomes of the same vs. different units, and recombination was shown to affect all sizable segments of the genome (i.e., be genome-wide) and have two times or greater impact on sequence evolution than point mutations. These results were observed in both Salinibacter ruber, an environmental halophilic organism, and Escherichia coli, the model gut-associated organism and an opportunistic pathogen, indicating that they may be more broadly applicable to the microbial world. Therefore, our results represent a departure compared to previous models of microbial speciation that invoke either ecology or recombination, but not necessarily their synergistic effect, and answer an important question for microbiology: what a species and a subspecies are.

Stabilizing Metal Coating on Flexible Devices by Ultrathin Protein Nanofilms.

The significant modulus difference between a metal coating and a polymer substrate leads to interface mismatches, seriously affecting the stability of flexible devices. Therefore, enhancing the adhesion stability of a metal layer on an inert polymer substrate to prevent delamination becomes a key challenge. Herein, an ultrathin protein nanofilm (UPN), synthesized by disulfide-bond-reducing protein aggregation, is proposed as a strong adhesive layer to enhance adhesion between polymer substrate and metal coating. Unlike traditional biopolymer adhesives with micrometer-scale thicknesses, the UPN layer is minimized to nanometer/single-molecular scale. Such UPN thereby effectively enhances the interfacial adhesive strength and reduces the cohesion contribution in the entire adhesion system by directly connecting two interfaces with a nearly single-molecular thickness. Using UPN as the adhesive layer, a multifunctional metal coating could be reliably adhered on flexible polymer substrates by ion sputtering, delivering unprecedented adhesion stability even under repetitive mechanical deformation. Applications of this design include reversible transparency control, tension-responsive encryption, reusable optical sensing, and wearable capacitive touch sensors. This work highlights UPN's potential to create strong bonding strength between flexible polymers and metal coatings, offering a biocompatible solution with high surface activity and low cohesion, facilitating the development of hybrid devices with stable metal nano-coating.

Quality assessment of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) powders processed by pulsed electric field and convective drying.

Edible insects offer opportunities for food production, as they are an interesting source of many nutrients. In this study, the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) and convective drying on the chemical composition with emphasizing the fat properties as well as physical, techno-functional, and thermal properties of yellow mealworm powders was investigated. The chemical composition of the yellow mealworm powders differed by PEF. When PEF was applied at 20 and 40kJ/kg, the moisture, ash, and protein content were significantly lower, while the fat extraction yield significantly increased compared to the control sample. Furthermore, the fat extracted from these samples was characterized by a higher proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as well as a higher thrombogenicity index, which is not beneficial from a nutritional point of view. After treatment with PEF at 5kJ/kg, the powder was the lightest, redness and yellowness. Moreover, the highest hygroscopicity, water activity, and water and oil binding capacity for this powder were determined. The results revealed that yellow mealworm powders are a good source of macronutrients and exhibit beneficial techno-functional properties, nevertheless, the drawback is their high cohesiveness (1.27-1.44), which can be difficult to apply under industrial conditions.

Social cohesion among Syrian and Turkish children, adolescents, and young adults in Turkey

AbstractTurkey has received a large influx of Syrian refugees since the start of Syrian civil war in 2011. Integration and social cohesion have become important issues for public policy in Turkey. We study social cohesion among young Turkish nationals and Syrian refugees. Our study sample comprises of adolescents and young adults (12–30 years), and children (6–11 years) who participated in events of the “Education Program for Syrian Refugees and Host Communities” (BILSY) program conducted by the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ). Social cohesion among adolescents and young adults is measured along three dimensions: sense of belonging, trust, and relational capacity. For children, we use behavioural games to measure two dimensions of social cohesion – altruism and trust. Our results show high social cohesion for both age groups, though lack of trust among Turkish nationals towards Syrian nationals is an area of concern. We also evaluate the impact of participation in BILSY program events using a randomised design and find that it had no impact on social cohesion. Our article adds to the limited literature on social cohesion among children and youths in countries affected by forced displacement.

Soft matter mechanics of baseball’s Rubbing Mud

Researchers looking for sustainable materials with optimal mechanical properties may draw inspiration from a baseball tradition. For nearly 100 y, a mysterious mud harvested from an undisclosed river site in New Jersey (USA) has been the agent of choice in the USA's Major League Baseball for "de-glossing" new baseballs. It is unclear, however, what makes this "Rubbing Mud" work. Here, we perform a multiscale investigation of the rheology and tribology of this mud material under baseball-relevant conditions and identify three mechanisms by which the mud alters the surface properties of the baseball. First, the mud creates a more uniform baseball surface by filling in pores in the leather; this is possible because of its relatively high cohesion (clays and organics) making the material remarkably shear thinning. Second, the residue of cohesive particles coating the baseball effectively doubles contact adhesion. Third, a sparse population of angular sand grains are bonded to the baseball by clay-sized particles, leaving a studded surface that enhances friction. The proportions of cohesive, frictional, and viscous elements in Rubbing Mud conspire to create a soft material with an unusual mix of properties, that could find other applications in the development of sustainable geomaterials. Our improved understanding of the flow and friction of natural muds may also find use in modeling natural hazards such as mudslides and for locomotion in muddy environments.

Constant companions: wild zebra finch pairs display extreme spatial cohesion.

Many animals maintain long-term monogamous partnerships, but the extent to which partners associate varies substantially and has implications for the scope of cooperation between pair members. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanosis) are monogamously paired for life and maintain continuous partnerships, raising questions as to if and how they maintain pair cohesion despite being non-territorial and having only short-range acoustic signals. While zebra finches are the best-studied songbird in captivity, their social and spatial behaviour in the wild is poorly understood. Determining pair cohesion in songbirds to date has almost exclusively been studied at specific locations where pairs would be expected to meet, such as nesting or feeding sites, without quantifying broader movements. Here, we used solar-powered automated tracking to simultaneously monitor the movements of radio-tagged zebra finch pairs during periods of breeding activity. We reveal extremely high spatial cohesion with pairs using nearly identical home ranges and maintaining close spatial proximity across large areas. This characterization of extremely high spatio-temporal coordination of zebra finch pairs provides important insights into the operation and benefits of monogamous relationships in highly mobile taxa, such as birds.

In vitro study of the gel cohesivity and persistence to hyaluronidase degradation of a novel stabilized composition of 26 mg/mL of high molecular weight HA

Aim: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is extensively used in injectable skin quality products due to its documented role in skin rejuvenation. The rapid in vivo degradation of HA by the enzyme hyaluronidase necessitates the development of advanced formulations to ensure the efficacy and longevity of the treatments. In this context, a novel 2.6% high molecular weight HA (H-HA)/3.2% sorbitol composition has been introduced, featuring stabilization through hydrogen bonds rather than traditional crosslinking. Methods: The stabilized composition was evaluated through two in vitro enzymatic degradation tests. In the first test, the efficiency on the gel degradation was followed by rheology and compared with two crosslinked HA products available on the market. In the second test, the effect on the gel structure of a less diluted hyaluronidase dose was followed by rheological and cohesivity measurements. Results: In vitro study demonstrates that, before its complete degradation into a liquid-like state, the stabilized composition exhibits high elasticity and cohesivity during the enzymatic degradation process, surpassing traditional crosslinked HA products. Conclusion: The stabilization provided by the sorbitol in the stabilized composition effectively enhances product properties and protects them during gel degradation. These attributes indicate significant potential for improved clinical outcomes in skin quality treatments.

Short-term tank culture of Gracilariopsis heteroclada at high salinities improves agar quality

Abstract Agar, a phycocolloid naturally extracted from Gracilariopsis heteroclada is strongly influenced by salinity. Wild stocks of G. heteroclada were exposed to varying salinities (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) for 6 days, and subsequently processed for agar extraction using 5 % NaOH. The extracted agar was evaluated regarding yield, gel rheology, colour composition, chemical properties, and infrared spectra. Results highlighted that hypersaline conditions (salinity 50) could produce high agar yield (4.77 %) and viscosity (10.67 mPa s), while agar samples at salinity 40 exhibited gels with high cohesiveness (6.35 mm), gel breaking strength (3.01 N), and gel strength (390.61 g cm−2) while having a rather high 3,6-anhydrogalactose content (7.49 %). All samples exhibited FTIR signature peaks at 930 cm−1, confirming the identity of extracted agar from G. heteroclada. Exposure at increasing hypersalinity increased the sulphate levels of agar from G. heteroclada, which implies synthesis of sulphated polysaccharides. Moreover, high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities were obtained in acid hydrolysed agars at salinities of 40 (74.09 %) and 50 (75.57 %), suggesting that G. heteroclada agars from hypersaline conditions potentially offer antioxidative roles beyond its traditional food use.

Standing out while fitting in: An objective measure of visual branding cohesion across a product portfolio

This research develops a new metric (PBCM) that can identify products within a portfolio that are eroding visual branding cohesion. We show how this new measure gives results equivalent to consumer evaluations of cohesion, without costly and time intensive data collection. The sampling frame for this research is 10 portfolios from five categories (dry dog food, instant coffee, toothpaste, shower gel and chewing gum) in the United Kingdom. In addition, 626 consumers were surveyed to investigate how PBCM affects a consumer’s ability to match an individual product back to its portfolio and recall the brand name. We find that products from high cohesion portfolios have significantly higher (17%) correct brand recall than those from low cohesion portfolios and are matched back to their portfolio by more than twice as many respondents (79% v 35%), significantly faster (2.3 vs. 3.8 minutes).

Application of SAP to Improve the Handling Properties of Iron Ore Tailings of High Cohesiveness: Could a Reagent Help the Decommissioning Process of a Dam?

This work aims to evaluate the use of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) to provide improvements in the handling properties of iron ore tailings (IOT). The material studied came from the magnetic separation reprocessing of the material discarded at the Gelado Dam, located in Serra dos Carajás in the state of Pará, Brazil. While the concentrate presents reasonable handling conditions, the tailings, with 61.5% iron, 15% moisture, and 39% of the mass, have high cohesiveness and adhesiveness due to their fine nature and the climatic conditions of the Amazon rainforest. However, the tailings can still be considered a product as long as the handling and transportation logistics are feasible. Thus, studies with an SAP and IOT were carried out in a bench rotating drum to promote mixing between them, and the main variables studied were the SAP dosage and the required contact time. The improvement in the physical properties of the IOT were evaluated considering the Hausner ratio, Carr index, Jenike’s flow function index, Atterberg limits, and chute angle. The superabsorbent polymer promoted a significant improvement in the state of consistency of the material, and the best performance was obtained with a dosage of 1000 g t−1. As long as a suitable contact condition was promoted, a contact time of 1 min was enough to achieve the expected benefits. After dosing with the superabsorbent polymer, the material’s handling classification changed from ‘cohesive’ to ‘easy flow’, and the chute angle was reduced from 90° to levels below 60°. It was concluded that the application of the superabsorbent polymer has the potential to improve the fluidity of the material discarded in the magnetic concentration operation, allowing it to be handled throughout the production and transportation chain. The SAP appears to be an important additive for the full use of the material present in the dam (100% recovery), with both economic and socio-environmental benefits.

Family cohesion moderates the inverted U-shaped curve between resting RSA and children’s empathy

Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and family cohesion may jointly influence children’s empathy. Resting RSA has been found to exhibit an inverted U-shaped relation with empathy, and family cohesion is a psychosocial correlate of children’s empathy that may moderate this relation. The present study recruited 182 first-grade children as participants (87 girls, Mage = 7.02, SDage = 0.36). Parents completed questionnaires to assess family cohesion and children’s empathy. The SOMNOtouch RESP device was utilized to collect resting electrocardiogram data and calculate resting RSA. The results showed that family cohesion significantly moderated the inverted U-shaped curve between resting RSA and children’s empathy. High family cohesion served as a protective factor in mitigating the negative impact of high resting RSA on empathy but could not buffer the negative effect of extremely low resting RSA on empathy among children. The findings suggest a role for high family cohesion in promoting empathy in children with moderate to high resting RSA.

Good Friends and Good Neighbors: Social Capital and Food Insecurity in Families with Newborns

To examine the association between social capital and household food insecurity among US families with newborns. This cross-sectional analysis used enrollment data from 881 newborn-caregiver dyads at six geographically-diverse US academic sites enrolled in the Greenlight Plus Trial, a comparative effectiveness trial to prevent childhood obesity. Ordinal proportional-odds models were used to characterize the associations of two self-reported measures of social capital: 1) caregiver social support and 2) neighborhood social cohesion, with household food insecurity after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Among 881 newborn-caregiver dyads (49% Hispanic, 23% non-Hispanic white, 17% non-Hispanic Black; 49% with annual household income <$50,000), food security was high for 75%, marginal for 9%, low for 11% and very low for 4%. In covariate-adjusted analyses, caregivers with a low social support score of 18 had five times the odds (aOR=5.03 95%CI=3.28-7.74) of greater food insecurity compared with caregivers with a high social support score of 30. Caregivers with a low neighborhood social cohesion score of 10 had nearly three times the odds (aOR=2.87 95%CI 1.61-5.11) of greater food insecurity compared with caregivers with a high neighborhood social cohesion score of 20. These associations remained robust when both social capital measures were included in one model. Caregiver social support and neighborhood social cohesion each appear to be inversely associated with food insecurity among US families with newborns. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the directionality of these relationships and whether improving social capital for families with young children reduces household food insecurity.

Slope Stability Analysis Throughout Road Around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) using Fellenius Method

Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is a nature conservation area in Indonesia. The slope stability of the interprovincial roads in BBSNP needs to be assessed for slope stability. This study assesses slope stability using the Fellenius method for the factor of safety calculation. The data utilized consists of geological and structure regional conditions, soil descriptions, soil physical and mechanical properties, water content, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, soil strength, slope dimensions, and slope weight. The sampling process is conducted un-disturb, followed by laboratory testing. The laboratory tests conducted include soil elasticity and plasticity, soil cohesion, and internal friction angle. The critical slopes at LT-L01 and LT-L23 are compromised due to the low cohesion values, making both slopes susceptible to landslides. The stable slope at LT-R04, LT-L15, LT-L19, and LT-R30 exhibit variability properties across the slopes. The lithology for slope LT-R04 consists of inorganic clay with high plasticity, slopes LT-L15 and LT-R30 have same lithology of silty clay with medium plasticity, while slope LT-L19 has lithology of silty clay with low plasticity. The safety factor values indicate stability due to moderate - high cohesion, contributing to slope stability. Material compaction is required to enhance cohesion values on the slopes. Additionally, need to mitigate water saturation conditions in the slope materials.

The possibility of the computer simulation-assisted IDDSI framework for the development of thickened brown rice paste

Increasing requests for thickened fluid food are demanded with population aging, while the limited information provided by the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) is insufficient for food development. Recently, the introduction of computer simulation seems to be able to overcome this dilemma. Here, a thickened fluid system (xanthan gum and konjac glucomannan, XG and KGM) at different ratios was kept at the same IDDSI level 3. An obvious synergy was observed in the ratio of 1:9 (XG: KGM) with high surface tension, zero-shear viscosity, firmness and cohesion, and thus was used to prepare the brown rice paste. From computer simulation, the brown rice pastes (0.3 % and 0.5 % thickener) splashed and that with higher thickener content resulted in more residue. The thickener content of 0.7 % provided enough viscosity and cohesion to avoid splash, and most of the bolus flowed consistently, showing the best sensory quality and swallowing properties.

Chemical, Textural and Antioxidant Properties of Oat-Fermented Beverages with Different Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria and Pectin.

Currently, starter cultures for fermenting plant-based beverages are not widely available commercially, but producers can use starter cultures for dairy products. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical, rheological, antioxidant and sensory properties of oat beverages with/without pectin fermented by four different dairy starter cultures. The use of a mono-starter with Lactobacillus bulgaricus or Sreptococcus thermophilus allows for the efficient use of glucose, and more lactic acid is accumulated. The beverage with L. bulgaricus is characterised by high adhesion, syneresis and low cohesiveness, and it has high antioxidant activity and a low sensory profile. Using starter with L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus and some Lactococcus for fermentation yields a product with high sensory capacity, forming a high-viscosity beverage matrix with low syneresis, high water retention, chewy texture and stickiness. It has been observed that the absence of lactococci and the presence of Lactobacillus casei, L. Rhamnosus and L. paracasei in the starter yields a product with high antioxidant activity, especially in the presence of pectin. The use of pectin significantly improves the viscosity and textural properties of oat yoghurt, enhancing the drink's flavour and giving it body. For many reasons, the use of different commercial starters in the dairy industry results in different viscosities of oat fermented beverages, forming a matrix with different textural, sensory and antioxidant properties.

INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL TESTING PROGRAM OF DIRECT SHEAR TEST IN SOIL MECHANICS

The research work aims at analyzing for the first time the data set obtained on cohesive soil samples following the publication of the Romanian Invention Patent RO 134239. The standard test method for the direct shear test provides the shear strength parameter – internal friction angle in consolidated drained condition - of either undisturbed or remolded soil samples forcing the shear plane at the midsection of the sample in the horizontal direction. The samples are provided in parallelepipedal shape (6 cm x 6 cm x 2 cm) and the displacement rate in horizontal direction is 0.1 mm/min. The new equipment patented in Romania changes the direction of shearing, from horizontal to vertical, and the soil samples are of cubic shape (6 cm x 6 cm x 6 cm). The experimental program involves testing both the parallelepipedal and cubic samples using the same motorized mechanism, with simultaneous readings from their respective micro-comparators. The UU test is performed without allowing consolidation and shearing at 1.0 mm/min. For the CD test, samples are consolidated under vertical loads for 24 hours before shearing at 0.1 mm/min. The shear stresses for cubic samples were higher than those for parallelepipedal samples, with residual stresses reflecting this trend. For cubic samples, both the peak and residual shear stresses trend lines indicated higher cohesion (c) and lower internal friction angle (𝜙) for UU tests and CD tests in contrast to parallelepipedal samples in both testing conditions. The innovative testing program allows for variability in shear strength parameters along the soil failure surface in both natural and compacted soil structures. This differentiation divides the soil condition into drained and undrained states at the initiation, emergence points, and the point of maximum depth along the failure surface. This approach is significant for accurately assessing soil shear resistance and potential failure mechanisms. The study's findings suggest a nuanced approach to parameter selection for slope stability analysis, ensuring accurate representation of both cohesion and internal friction in stability models.

An enhanced conventional neural network schema for structural class-based software fault prediction

ABSTRACT Malicious software detection is the most prominent process required by various industries to avoid server failure. It is required to detect malicious software accurately to avoid time and cost wastage. Various research works have been introduced earlier for the detection of malicious software. In the existing work Support Vector Machine (SVM) is introduced for malicious software detection. However, existing works cannot perform well where there are error modules in the software. It is addressed in this suggested study by developing Coupling and Cohesion Metrics-based Fault Detection (CCMFD). In this research work, structural measures are mainly examined which come under the cohesion measures and comprise deficient cohesion in approaches (LCOM), and Conceptual Coupling between Object Classes (CCBO). Failure situations and measures relating to information flow are used in other techniques. A high-quality service has a low coupling and a high cohesiveness. These extracted features will be given as input to the enhanced Conventional Neural Network (CNN) for software mistake forecasting. A complete study analysis is done in a Java simulator, indicating that the suggested approach tends to have superior fault prediction outcomes than the current method.

Profiles of community support and challenges associated with insomnia symptoms: Findings from the pilot Bhutanese Community of Central Ohio Health Study

Study objectivesWe investigated profiles of community support and challenges in relation to insomnia symptoms among the Bhutanese living in the United States. MethodsUsing data from the pilot Bhutanese Community of Central Ohio Health Study (N = 495; 51.5% men, 69.8% aged 18-44years), we used latent class analysis to identify distinct profiles of neighborhood social cohesion, social support, and community challenges (e.g., limited access to healthcare services and transportation, crime and safety issues, substance use, intimate partner violence) and their associations with insomnia symptoms. Insomnia symptoms were self-reported as difficulty falling and staying asleep and dichotomized as “not at all” vs. “some to always.” Identified classes/profiles were further differentiated by self-reported sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, acculturative, and discrimination factors. ResultsLatent class analysis revealed four distinct classes/profiles. The High Cohesion (class 1) profile (30.1% of sample) had the lowest likelihood of insomnia symptoms at 6.5%, followed by class 2 or High Support (23.6%) with a 15.3% likelihood. Class 3 or High Challenges profile (11.5%) had a moderate likelihood of insomnia symptoms at 49%. Class 4 or the Low Cohesion/Support profile (34.7%) had a 100% likelihood of reporting insomnia symptoms. Class 4 when compared to class 1 was more likely to report cardiometabolic conditions, experiences of everyday discrimination, limited English linguistic proficiency, and not using telehealth. ConclusionCommunity social cohesion and support may play an important role in mitigating insomnia symptoms among Bhutanese refugees. Further investigations are warranted.

Dependence of Simulated Fault Gouge Frictional Behavior on Mineral Surface Chemistry Quantified by Cation Exchange Capacity

AbstractThe slip behavior of crustal faults is known to be controlled by the composition of the fault gouge, but the exact mechanisms, especially considering the role of water‐rock interactions, are still under investigation. Here, we use a geochemical approach measuring the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of several phyllosilicate minerals and non‐clays, using CEC as a proxy for the ability to bind water to the mineral surfaces and/or develop electrostatic forces between particles. Laboratory shearing experiments show that low CEC materials (&lt;3 mEq/100 g) tend to exhibit high friction, low cohesion, and velocity‐weakening frictional behavior. Phyllosilicate minerals exhibit CEC values up to 78 mEq/100 g and correspondingly lower friction coefficients, higher cohesion, and a tendency for velocity‐strengthening friction. Zeolite behavior is atypical, exhibiting a high CEC value typical of phyllosilicates but the strength and frictional characteristics of a non‐clay with low CEC. This suggests that the structure of the mineral is important for non‐phyllosilicates. For phyllosilicates, our results can be explained by water bound to mineral surfaces, creating bridges of hydrogen or van der Waals bonds between particles. The enhanced particle bonding for high CEC materials is consistent with high cohesion under zero effective stress conditions, and lowered friction by trapping bound water between the mineral surfaces under normal load. Bound water may explain the tendency for velocity‐strengthening friction in high CEC materials by hindering a Dieterich‐type time‐dependent frictional strengthening mechanism.

A new DEM calibration method for wet and stick materials based on the BP neural network

The assessment of flow characteristics and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) calibrations for Wet and Sticky Materials (WSMs) are significantly demanded by the mining and transportation industries. However, the angle of repose (AoR), as a common DEM calibration method, has been facing challenges in adopting for WSMs. Due to the relatively high adhesion and cohesion of WSMs, it is difficult to form repeatable material heaps, resulting in inaccurate measurements of the AoRs. Therefore, this study aims to calibrate DEM parameters for WSMs under various conditions, utilizing a modified AoR test method and the Back Propagation-Neural Network (BP-NN). In the modified AoR test method, WSMs are discharged from a funnel using a screw feeder and fall closely against a vertical baffle to form a heap in a constrained direction. The new method combines the features of the traditional AoR test and the slump plane test to accurately measure the AoRs for different WSMs, including wet white sand, bulk coal, and corn powders. Test results are analysed to show the advantage of the modified AoR test. Furthermore, an innovative DEM calibration method based on the BP-NN is developed. By training the BP-NN with the database established according to the relationship between the measured and simulated AoRs, the DEM calibration parameters can be predicted rapidly for WSMs with different particle sizes and moisture contents. Validation is conducted for the wet white sand, from which the deviations and relative mean deviations between the experiment AoRs (Ae) and the calibration AoRs (Ac) are less than 2°and 4 % respectively, indicating the capability of the developed method for WSMs DEM calibrations.