High-capacity Storage Devices Research Articles

Ionic liquid interlayer enable room-temperature, high-voltage, high-specific-capacity solid-state lithium-metal batteries

Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)-based solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SLBs) are strong candidates for next generation high specific capacity and high safety energy storage devices. Unfortunately, poor interfacial contact between the cathode and the solid-state electrolyte (SSE) severely limits the practical application of SLBs. Here, a pyrrole-based (1-Butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) ionic liquid (BMP-IL) electrolyte interlayer is used to address this issue. The IL interlayer provides a fast Li+ transport channel at the SSE and cathode interface. As a result, SLBs exhibit excellent electrochemical performance at 25 °C. Further, the IL interlayer strategy combines with a high-voltage cathode to achieve higher energy density, and the batteries perform discharge specific capacities as high as 147 mA h g−1. At the same time, the SLBs also exhibit more pronounced capacity degradation, which is attributed to the interfacial side reactions at high voltages. This work demonstrates the robust feasibility of the IL interlayer strategy and provides insights into the degradation mechanisms at the interface when matched with a high-voltage cathode. It offers valuable insights into the practical applications of SLBs and lays the foundation for subsequent research on high-voltage SLBs.

Introducing of WO3@NiCo2O4/rGO ternary nanocomposites as active material for high-performance supercapacitor applications

The combined materials with synergistic effects and integrate of properties of each component can be widely used for high capacity and high-power density storage devices. In this study, synthesis, energy storage ability and characterization of the novel ternary WO3@NiCo2O4/rGO nanocomposites (NWG) as active electrode materials are studied. NWG nanocomposites as high-efficiency supercapacitors material which is perfect transferring ions/electrons are constructed with multiple-step synthesis for supercapacitor application for the first time. For this purpose, at first, intertwined nanosheets of NiCo2O4 was synthesized through the hydrothermal process, afterwards, WO3 nanostructures were fabricated on the surface of NiCo2O4 via sonochemical method and finally, NWG nanocomposites were synthesized during the mild hydrothermal conditions. Towards the studying the physicochemical properties of as-fabricated NWG nanocomposites, the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were used. Also, the electrochemical behavior of innovative NWG nanocomposites as energetic electrode materials was investigated in two and three electrode configurations for high-performance supercapacitor application. Additionally, the synergetic effect between NiCo2O4, WO3 and rGO substrates in final product (NWG) was investigated based on cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic stability test. The well-designed NWG nanostructures with layered shape can acceleration the ion electrolyte diffusion and provided more redox active sites through energy storage process. The electrochemical results of the NWG nanocomposite electrodes represented a high specific capacity of 1211.75 F g−1 at a current density of 1.5 A g−1. Furthermore, the suggested electrode exhibited the great energy density of 11.92 Whkg−1, power density of 3000.8 Wkg−1 and excellent rate capability (91.51 % of capacity retention after 1000 cycles). Moreover, the specific capacitance of bare and binary nanocomposites i.e. NiCo2O4 and WO3@NiCo2O4 were investigated and compared with NWG at a current density of 2 A g−1. The results show that the specific capacitance of NWG ~1.5 times greater than NiCo2O4 and WO3@NiCo2O4 nanostructures [NiCo2O4 (498.33 F g−1), WO3@NiCo2O4 (580.33 F g−1) and NWG (917.67 F g−1)]. Remarkably, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled by newly-designed NWG electrode as a positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode exhibited the good specific capacitance 37.2 mF g−1 at of 1.5 mA g−1. Also, the ASC device could provide energy density of 4.75 mWh kg−1 at the power density of 799.9 mWkg−1. This research recommends that NWG nanocomposites have an extraordinary potential for evolution of active electrode materials forthcoming supercapacitors in energy storage systems.

Tunable multiple plasmon-induced transparencies in multiple T-shaped cavities waveguide based on Dirac semimetals

We study the multiple plasmon-induced transparencies (PIT) in the waveguide structure based on bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) containing multiple side-coupled T-shaped cavities. Using the finite element method, we mainly investigate the transmission spectra, the transmission phase shifts, the delay times, and the magnetic field distributions of the two T-shaped cavities waveguide structure. It is shown that their transmission characteristics strongly depend on the geometric parameters of the waveguide structure. In addition, we discuss the effect of the Fermi level of BDS and the refractive index of the medium on the transmission spectrum of the two T-shaped cavities structure. To get more PIT peaks, we try to simulate the transmission spectrum of three T-shaped cavities waveguide structure. All the results about the multiple PIT phenomena may have some possible applications in designing lenses, high-capacity storage devices, and new filters.

Increasing Energy Density of Electrochemical Capacitors By Advanced Nanomanufacturing and Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

The growing number of energy consuming devices is driving an ever increasing demand for high efficiency, high capacity, and portable energy storage devices. In addition to higher levels of energy storage, there is a growing need for the capability to produce sustained high power pulses. For many applications, the energy storage devices must also provide a high cycle life to provide the sustained operation life, along with increased capability of providing high power over ever increasing pulse durations. Moreover, these energy storage devices are in demand over a wide range of sizes from chip-scale power storage to large-scale, kilovolt-level power delivery. Rechargeable batteries, in particular lithium ion, are well known and have been extensively developed for their high energy density, but their major drawback remains in their limited power density and cycle-life capability. Electrostatic capacitors, on the other hand, provide a high power density, and research has shown they have great potential for meeting the power and cycle life demands for the new energy storage device demands. However, for conventional electrostatic capacitors, the energy density and thus pulse power duration capability is very limited. Alternatively, electrochemically-based double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or ultracapacitors, provide a pathway to an energy storage device that shows significant promise for delivering the high power density and high cycle life that is achievable with electrostatic capacitors, while providing a path to much greater energy storage and thus sustained long duration pulsed power delivery. Through the surface charge adsorption-based mechanism of energy storage utilized in EDLCs, it is possible to get high frequency response times while providing the ability to supply power for much longer periods of time than can be achieved with conventional capacitors. Despite this major benefit, currently available commercial EDLC devices still provide energy densities that are much lower than that of batteries. To increase the number of potential applications for EDLCs and displace batteries, the energy density must be increased. Thus the main focus of our ultracapacitor research, presented here, is increasing the energy density of ultracapacitors through the use of highly ordered nanostructured electrode materials, which are combined with a high voltage window ionic liquid-based electrolytes to increase the power and energy density.In EDLCs, the capacitance and corresponding energy storage capability are directly proportional to the electrode’s solution accessible surface area. To maximize this area, we have developed electrode structures with a tunable, highly controlled porosity that provides very high, electrolyte-accessible, surface area. We’ve developed a robust and scalable templated approach to allow the fabrication of high surface area carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electrodes with highly aligned and vertically-oriented CNTs. This approach provides an areal CNT density that is much greater than typical carpet-grown CNTs. Furthermore, through our templated fabrication approach, we can tune the electrode pore size, thus allowing us to optimize it for the specific electrolyte. Our approach, combining tuning of both the electrode and electrolyte, ensures maximum charge adsorption for energy storage, while maintaining excellent solution access for fast charge transport during charging and discharging, thereby ensuring power capability.Ionic liquids are becoming popular electrolytes for a range of applications because of their large voltage window, and chemical properties that can be tailored for the specific application. The use of ionic liquid electrolytes allows operation at higher cell voltages than the conventional aqueous or organic solution-based capacitors. Larger operation voltage further enhances the power and energy density in our capacitors. Additionally, since ionic liquids are nonflammable and have a negligible vapor pressure, they make the ideal electrolyte choice in higher temperature applications or for micro- and on-chip devices, where the removal of heat is difficult because of the confined space operating conditions. Through the use of designer electrolytes based on pure and mixed ionic liquids, and combining and optimizing the interaction of the electrolyte with our templated CNT electrodes, we are able to produce an energy storage technology which combines the optimal balance and benefits of high energy density and high-power density. This talk will detail our electrode development and device optimization efforts for our large format capacitors.[DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited 412TW-PA-20122]

Periodic Silver and Gold Nanodot Array Fabrication on Nanosphere Lithography-Based Patterns Using Electroless Deposition

Precision-controlled fabrication of metallic nanostructures is of great interest in applications such as sensing, optoelectronics, and high-capacity storage devices. However, the expense and throughput of the current methods limit the applicability of metal nanodot arrays for many of these applications. This issue is addressed by a method for generating periodic silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanodot arrays in a straightforward, inexpensive, tunable way. Specifically, regularly placed hexagonal arrays of Ag and Au nanodots were fabricated on Si(111) surfaces via a nanosphere lithography-based approach followed by electroless deposition (ELD). Silicon surfaces with hexagonally packed nanospheres were reacted with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) to form a self-assembled monolayer resist over the substrate, which leads to a hexagonal array of nanopores upon removal of the spheres. Different electroless plating solutions for Ag and Au were introduced onto the nanopore surfaces to selectively deposit metal in the nanopores, resulting in metal nanodots grown only in the nanopores, where the nanospheres were originally in contact with the substrate. Ag and Au nanodot heights can be effectively tuned from 20 to 100 nm by varying the plating time and the composition of the plating solution. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the height and diameter of the nanopore and nanodot arrays along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize the elemental composition distribution on the surface. This method provides control over the distance between nanodots and their size at the nanoscale with high reproducibility.

Tailoring magnetic order via atomically stacking 3d/5d electrons to achieve high-performance spintronic devices

The ability to tune magnetic orders, such as magnetic anisotropy and topological spin texture, is desired to achieve high-performance spintronic devices. A recent strategy has been to employ interfacial engineering techniques, such as the introduction of spin-correlated interfacial coupling, to tailor magnetic orders and achieve novel magnetic properties. We chose a unique polar–nonpolar LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattice because Mn (3d)/Ir (5d) oxides exhibit rich magnetic behaviors and strong spin–orbit coupling through the entanglement of their 3d and 5d electrons. Through magnetization and magnetotransport measurements, we found that the magnetic order is interface-dominated as the superlattice period is decreased. We were able to then effectively modify the magnetization, tilt of the ferromagnetic easy axis, and symmetry transition of the anisotropic magnetoresistance of the LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattice by introducing additional Mn (3d) and Ir (5d) interfaces. Further investigations using in-depth first-principles calculations and numerical simulations revealed that these magnetic behaviors could be understood by the 3d/5d electron correlation and Rashba spin–orbit coupling. The results reported here demonstrate a new route to synchronously engineer magnetic properties through the atomic stacking of different electrons, which would contribute to future applications in high-capacity storage devices and advanced computing.

Porphyrin nanoribbon-based spin filtering devices.

Advancement in molecular electronics opens up another new domain with a new possibility of realizing its spin-polarized version, which is called molecular spintronics. This novel domain has a range of applications such as high-capacity storage devices and quantum computers. Several contemporary researchers have considered porphyrin molecules and their derivatives as potential candidates for molecular devices. Herein, using the first-principles calculations, we propose a porphyrin nanoribbon-based system for spin-filtering applications. Such a system shows robust half-metallicity and also exhibits itinerant magnetism. Our calculated spin transport properties exhibit that our device can give 100% spin-polarizing efficiency, which is very promising for next-generation spin-filtering applications.

Novel stand-alone, completely autonomous and renewable energy based charging station for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)

A novel stand-alone charging station (CS) powered by a combination of solar and wind energy in presence of a fuel cell (FC) system is designed and constructed for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The built CS is high-efficient due to putting to practical use a proposed novel variable step-size maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme applied to both photovoltaic (PV) and wind parts of the CS. The main defect of a stand-alone CS is its necessity to battery banks which not only are expensive but also provide short lifetime due to a considerable number of daily charge and discharge imposed to them in a CS. This problem has been solved in this study by utilizing a FC system as supporting power source playing two roles. First, whenever PV and wind power production is less than charge demand, the FC system produces extra electric energy required. Second, whenever PV and wind power production is more than charge demand, the electrolyzer of the FC system produces hydrogen by absorbing extra electric power available in the system. Thus, the FC system acts as a high-capacity storage device in continuously regulating charging power to instant charge demand. The CS has been built, and experimental measurements obtained from its realistic operation are presented that prove the novelty and contributions of the constructed CS compared to those available as:● For the first time, it uses a FC system with permanent lifetime and a total cost of about $21000 as the storage device of the CS instead of an associated 6.5 kWh Li-ion battery bank providing a short lifetime of about 500 days and a total cost of about $70000 per 30 years.● It is high-efficient due to using a proposed novel variable step-size MPPT scheme with the efficiency and tracking time of, respectively, 99.6% and 12 ms applied to both PV and wind parts of the CS that high efficiently converts solar and wind energy into electric power.● It is stand-alone, completely autonomous and 100% renewable energy based resulting in unavailability of any harmful environmental impact and the possibility of installing the CS in remote areas where there is no grid.● The total construction cost of the built CS is about $99500 with a payback period of only 16 months.

Content Based Image Classification with Thepade's Static and Dynamic Ternary Block Truncation Coding

Image data has been considered as a vital source of information with far-fetched growth of Information Technology. World Wide Web has facilitated easy and round the clock access of data. Archiving of image data in good proportion has been made possible with high capacity storage devices and communication links. Time and efficiency have been considered as most important factors for information recognition from these datasets. The huge numbers of information databases have diverse categories of image data. Limited number of major categories can be formed based on the contents of the images with the help of image classification. The authors have proposed two novel techniques of feature extraction in this work and have compared the same with the existing techniques of feature extraction for classification results. The proposed techniques have exhibited higher performance efficiency compared to the state-of-the art techniques and have principally contributed to boost up classification performance.

Random inbreeding, isonymy, and population isolates in Argentina.

Population isolates are an important tool in identifying and mapping genes of Mendelian diseases and complex traits. The geographical identification of isolates represents a priority from a genetic and health care standpoint. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of consanguinity by random isonymy (F ST) in Argentina and its relationship with the isolates previously identified in the country. F ST was estimated from the surname distribution of 22.6 million electors registered for the year 2001 in the 24 provinces, 5 geographical regions, and 510 departments of the country. Statistically significant spatial clustering of F ST was determined using the SaTScan V5.1 software. F ST exhibited a marked regional and departamental variation, showing the highest values towards the North and West of Argentina. The clusters of high consanguinity by random isonymy followed the same distribution. Recognized Argentinean genetic isolates are mainly localized at the north of the country, in clusters of high inbreeding. Given the availability of listings of surnames in high-capacity storage devices for different countries, estimating F ST from them can provide information on inbreeding for all levels of administrative subdivisions, to be used as a demographic variable for the identification of isolates within the country for public health purposes.

Simplification of strip‐wise algorithms applied for two‐dimensional intersymbol interference detection

With the development of the high-speed communication channel or high-capacity storage device, the intersymbol interference (ISI) occurs more frequently in the condensed data. The traditional Bahl – Cocke – Jelineu – Raviv (BCJR) method is capable of solving the two-dimensional (2D) symbol influence problem with extremely high cost. By analysing the complexity in terms of branch, state and path in the 2D trellis-based ISI detection, the authors verify that the system complexity is mainly dominated by the window size. To reduce the detection complexity, the conventional simplifications are applied in the 2D strip-wise ISI detection. In addition, a two-phase strip-wise detection is proposed to achieve a lower complexity than that of the conventional simplifications. In this system, the first detector can be realised by a low-complexity method (like the hard detection or Viterbi algorithm) to provide the mask shrinking with predicted data. After reducing the mask size, the second detector can detect the main portion of ISI by the trellis-based detection (like BCJR algorithm) with a small mask. Under the similar detection performance, the proposed scheme can achieve more than 91.76% saving in the metric computation compared with the 5 × 3-window IRCSDFA (iterative row–column soft-decision feedback algorithm) simplified by the M-algorithm with M = 8.

Vanadium Pentoxide-Based Composite Synthesized Using Microwave Water Plasma for Cathode Material in Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries.

Multivalent cation rechargeable batteries are expected to perform well as high-capacity storage devices. Rechargeable magnesium batteries have an advantage in terms of resource utilization and safety. Here, we report on sulfur-doped vanadium pentoxide (S-V2O5) as a potential material for the cathodes of such a battery; S-V2O5 showed a specific capacity of 300 mAh·g−1. S-V2O5 was prepared by a method using a low-temperature plasma generated by carbon felt and a 2.45 GHz microwave generator. This study investigates the ability of S-V2O5 to achieve high capacity when added to metal oxide. The highest recorded capacity (420 mAh·g−1) was reached with MnO2 added to composite SMn-V2O5, which has a higher proportion of included sulfur than found in S-V2O5. Results from transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the bulk of the SMn-V2O5 was the orthorhombic V2O5 structure; the surface was a xerogel-like V2O5 and a solid solution of MnO2 and sulfur.

A High-Capacity Mobile Storage Device Data Protection Scheme

This paper designs a data protection scheme for high-capacity mobile storage device which encrypts the data and keeps the data from being stolen and modified. Coupled with the use of SM1 cryptographic algorithm, the identity authentication mechanism has also been used, which secure the safety of the system.

Photoinduced linkage isomers of transition-metal nitrosyl compounds and related complexes.

The seminal discovery of light-induced changes in transition-metal nitrosyl complexes in the late 1970s and their identification as metastable linkage isomers almost 20 years after the initial discoveries have in recent years motivated a plethora of experimental and theoretical studies. They have raised the question of whether the linkage isomers play a role in the many crucial biological processes involving nitric oxide, which though likely, is still a subject of investigation. The linkage isomers have potential technological importance, as the change in refractive index on a molecular scale, associated with the photoinduced change in the crystals, in principle allows the design of very high capacity storage devices. This review summarizes the current knowledge in the still-developing field and includes a discussion of photoinduced metastable linkage isomers of related substances.

Multicast scheduling for VOD services

Recent developments in networking technologies, coupled with the advent of high-capacity storage devices and improved coding schemes, will make it feasible to provide many advanced multimedia communications services. Among future telecommunication services, the VOD (Video On Demand) service is emerging as one of the most promising services. In this paper, we propose a new VOD service scheme that utilizes the dynamic multicasting capabilities of future networks. We first describe an overall VOD service architecture that consists of CPEs (Customer Premise Equipments), SCCs (Service Control Centers), and ISs (Information Stores). Based on the assumptions that each subscriber has local storage space and the video transfer speed is faster than the playback speed, we develop a new service scheme where video signals are multicasted to multiple subscribers simultaneously. To realize the potential benefits of multicasting, we propose two scheduling algorithms: EDS (Earliest Deadline Scheduling) and MMS (Most Multicasting Scheduling). Finally, we study the performance of multicasting scheme and compare the performance of the two scheduling algorithms via computer simulation. The simulation results show that multicasting increases the service capacity of an SCC significantly.

FracTunes MIDI Graphics Software for IBM PCs

tion or coloration. Like the V3, the SX could use a better manual. Although the slim (24-page) documentation provided covers the unit's basic operation, it is terse in the extreme. And, as with the V3's single manual, there is no index or MIDI implementation chart, though several pages of text are devoted to the unit's MIDI implementation. A single five-page chapter, About Sampling, barely scratches the surface of an admittedly complex topic; users who lack a basic knowledge of sampling theory and technique would be well advised to get one of the several available texts that cover the subject in depth. A SCSI interface for connecting the SX to a highcapacity storage device will be available from Peavey at a cost of $50. Peavey will also offer a utility program for Macintosh computers that will enable the computer to serve as a controller for the SX. The utility, written in Opcode Systems' Max iconic programming language, will also be priced at $50. There is little else to say about the SX. It is a no-frills, low-cost unit that does its job admirably in the most straightforward manner imaginable. Though one might want additional capabilities such as stereo sampling, it is hard to argue with the SX's $350 list price-a fraction of the cost of other samplers available today. For those with computers, sample editing software, and the skill to use them, the SX-like the V3-is a bargain-priced workhorse that combines intelligent engineering with simple operation. Both units are well worth investigating. For additional information, contact: Peavey Electronics Corporation, 711 A Street, Meridian, Mississippi 39302-2898, USA, telephone (601) 4835365.