High Blood Pressure In Women Research Articles

Investigating the Effect of COVID-19 on Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (HTN): A Case-Control Study.

Suppression of the body's immune system can cause high blood pressure. Also, many people with COVID-19 have underlying diseases, including high blood pressure. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of COVID-19 infection on blood pressure caused by pregnancy in women referred to Kashani Hospital in Jiroft City. This study was a case-control study with a census sampling method on 266 pregnant women referring to Kashani Hospital in Jiroft City in 2021-2022. Pregnant women were divided into two control groups (pregnant women without COVID-19) and intervention (pregnant women with COVID-19). SPSS software version 22 was analyzed. 266 pregnant women participating in the study were divided into two equal control (133) and intervention (133) groups. The average age of pregnant women was 29 ± 6.8 years. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 112.6 and 70, and in the control group, it was 107.8 and 66.6, which was not statistically significant (P_Value>0.05). Also, the results showed that there was a difference between home blood pressure during pregnancy and there is a statistically significant relationship between the age of pregnant women (P_Value< 0.05).. while there is no significant statistical relationship between gestational age and body mass index (P_Value>0.05). According to the results of this study, COVID-19 affects blood pressure caused by pregnancy, and gestational age is an important factor in the prevalence of high blood pressure in women with COVID-19.

High blood pressure in women - gender-specific features

Arterial hypertension, particularly elevated systolic blood pressure, is the most common risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in women as it is in men. Blood pressure regulation and the development of sustained hypertension differ by sex. There are still few data on the question of whether the current normal values can apply equally to men and women and on the question of a different effect and dosage of antihypertensive drugs in women.

Household disorder and blood pressure in mother-child dyads: A brief report.

High blood pressure (BP) is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although factors outside the home, such as crime and noise, have been associated with high BP in women and children, it is unknown if disorder within the home (household disorder) influences BP. We tested the hypothesis that women and children with more household disorder would have higher BP, independent of age, race, sodium intake, and body mass index (BMI). This study was a secondary analysis of data from mother-child dyads (n = 216). Mothers were 87% African American, 34 ± 5 years old, with BMI 33.59 ± 9.43 kg/m². Children were 7 ± 2 (range: 4-10) years of age with BMI z score 0.60 ± 2.07. Household disorder was measured by the Confusion Hubbub and Order Scale. Mother-child dyads were assessed for weight, height, BP (adults), BP percentile (children), energy intake, and sodium intake. The relationship between household disorder and BP was evaluated using Pearson's partial correlation coefficients. In fully adjusted models, household disorder was positively associated with systolic BP for mothers (r = 0.15, p < .05) and tended to be positively associated with diastolic BP (r = 0.11, p = .10). For the children, household disorder was not associated with systolic or diastolic BP percentile. This study's results suggest that household disorder is positively associated with higher BP in adult women, but not their children. Nevertheless, these data suggest that interventions to address household disorder could benefit maternal BP and potentially improve long-term CVD outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

A Modified Recommended Food Score Is Associated with a Lower Incidence of High Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

ObjectivesThis cohort study investigated the association between the modified RFS (Recommended Food Score) and incident high blood pressure in Korean adults from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).MethodsWe prospectively analysed 2,854 (1,028 men and 1,556 women) participants aged 40–69 years without high blood pressure at baseline during a 16-year follow-up period. A dish-based, semi-quantitative, 103-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes at baseline. The modified RFS (a total of 65 points) is based on the reported consumption of foods recommended in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet modified for Korean foods. High blood pressure included hypertension and prehypertension, also known as stage 1 hypertension (a systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg). Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between modified RFS scores and the risk of incident high blood pressure.ResultsA total of 1,663 participants (761 men and 902 women) developed high blood pressure during an average follow-up of 87 months (range 17‒183 months). The modified RFS was positively correlated with the DASH diet score in men (r = 0.6492; p < 0.0001) and women (r = 0.7291; p < 0.0001), respectively. Men with the highest quintile of the modified RFS had a 24% lower incidence of high blood pressure than those with the lowest quintile (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.96, p-trend = 0.0218). However, there was no association between modified RFS and incident high blood pressure in women.ConclusionsA higher modified RFS was associated with a reduced risk of incident high blood pressure in middle-aged and older Korean men. Further prospective studies of larger scale or intervention studies are needed to confirm these findings.Funding SourcesThis work was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (2012M3A9C4048761) and the BK21 FOUR (Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE, Korea) and National Research Foundation of Korea.

Partially empty sella with generalized epileptiform discharges presented as manic episode in an elderly female: A case with diagnostic dilemma - Causation or coincidence?

Partially empty sella with generalized epileptiform discharges presented as manic episode in an elderly female: A case with diagnostic dilemma - Causation or coincidence?

Anthropometric Indexes for Predicting High Blood Pressure in Vietnamese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundThe rate of hypertension and obesity is increasing in Vietnamese society. This study aimed to focus on assessing the relationship between anthropometric indexes (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and high blood pressure to determine which is the best predictor for high blood pressure among adults over 18 years in Vietnam.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1636 people was conducted. People who were over 18 years old, healthy or had hyperlipidemia and on the treatment were recruited. Patients with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension were excluded. Information on demographics, smoking and drinking habits, weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure was collected. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were examined to determine the predictability of anthropometric indicators for high blood pressure in men and women. Logistic regression analysis, stratified by gender, was performed to examine the association between anthropometric indexes and high blood pressure.ResultsIn this study, the percentage of people with high blood pressure was 10.51%. The AUC for the WHtR was significantly greater than for the BMI for both genders. Logistic regression demonstrated that only WHtR had a significant positive association with high blood pressure among women. The optimal WHtR cut-off value for predicting high blood pressure in men and women were 0.47 and 0.50, respectively.ConclusionAmong the indicators analyzed in this study, WHtR was the best for the predicting of the presence of high blood pressure, in both men and women. However, WHtR could only explain the changes of high blood pressure in women.

Association between alcohol intake pattern and metabolic syndrome components and simulated change by alcohol intake reduction: A cross-sectional study from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.

To investigate the association between alcohol intake pattern in amount and frequency and metabolic syndrome (Mets) components, we simulated the change in the prevalence of Mets components by intake reduction. In order to manage Mets, alcohol intake reduction with moderation of intake pattern is required. However, evidence investigating the comparative impact of alcohol intake reduction in amount and frequency for Mets components is limited. We conducted a large-scale cross-sectional study in the general Japanese population. The study subjects included 37,371 non-drinkers and current drinkers recruited in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Odds ratios (ORs) for Mets components according to alcohol intake amount and frequency were estimated using a multiple logistic regression model. The prevalence of Mets components was estimated after assumed alcohol intake reduction of a) none, b) 10g/day (men) or 5g/day (women), c) 20g/day (men) or 10g/day (women), d) less than 20g/day (men) or 10g/day (women) for moderate-to-heavy drinkers, e) 1-2 times/week, and f) 3-4 times/week. The ORs with alcohol intake amount and frequency increased with high blood pressure while decreasing with dyslipidemia. A J-shaped association was observed between intake amount and Mets. The estimated prevalence (%) of high blood pressure and dyslipidemia in men were a) 45.2, b) 43.0, c) 41.4, d) 40.4, e) 42.9, and f) 42.0; and a) 50.3, b) 51.8, c) 52.9, d) 50.2, e) 52.7, and f) 53.4 in women. The estimated prevalence of high blood pressure in women did not evidently decrease. Simulated alcohol intake reduction showed decreased prevalence for high blood pressure and increased prevalence for dyslipidemia in men after reduced intake amount and frequency. The largest decreased prevalence for high blood pressure was observed in men when all moderate-to-heavy drinkers reduced their alcohol intake amount to less than 20g/day.

Getting to the Heart of Sex Differences

Getting to the Heart of Sex Differences

Social Perceptions, Behaviors and Therapeutic Routes Related to High Blood Pressure in Women from Banco to Bouake

High blood pressure is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, more particularly in Ivory Coast. It causes stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and coronary heart disease, the leading causes of death worldwide. This situation has led political authorities, researchers, NGOs to reflect on reality. The objective of this research is to analyze the social perceptions, behaviors and therapeutic routes linked to high blood pressure in the "Koyaka" populations from Banco to Bouake, field of investigation. We conducted research, both qualitative and quantitative, carried out using data collection tools (questionnaire, observation guide, consultation registers, interview guide) with 100 individuals. The work, which presents results from the field, analyzes the meaning that the Koyaka give to high blood pressure (causes, consequences). Then, it explains the behaviors (poor nutrition) and the response of the actors (therapeutic routes) in the face of the disease. Therefore, medical anthropology must be associated with the fight against this pathology.

Association between age at menarche and blood pressure in adulthood: is obesity an important mediator?

We investigated the association between age at menarche, and adiposity and blood pressure in adulthood, as well as the mediation effects of adiposity on the relationship between age at menarche and blood pressure. This was a nationally representative survey conducted in Brazil in 2013 (Brazilian Health Survey). The participants included 33,715women between 18 and 100 years old. Age at menarche was self-reported and outcomes (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, and blood pressure) were objectively measured. As covariates, data on chronological age, race, educational status, tobacco smoking, leisure physical activity, TV viewing, sodium consumption, alcohol drinking, menopause status, and antihypertensive medication use were obtained by questionnaires. Negative and linear relationships were observed between age at menarche and adiposity indicators. Early maturers presented a greater prevalence of obesity (waist circumference: 56.3% [54.0-58.7] vs. 52.4% [51.4-53.5], BMI: 32.4% [30.2-34.6] vs. 25.1% [24.2-26.0]) than on time/late maturers. Age at menarche was significantly inversely related to blood pressure and adiposity in adulthood (p < 0.05), although these associations were weaker than the association between obesity and early menarche. Adiposity indicators mediated the relationship between age at menarche, and systolic (partly) and diastolic (fully) blood pressure. In conclusion, early maturation is related to obesity and higher blood pressure in adulthood. Obesity is an important mediator of the influence of early maturation on high blood pressure in women.

Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic disparities and high blood pressure in France: Results from a cross-sectional analysis of the CONSTANCES cohort

Introduction The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on cardiovascular outcomes has already been well-established. Lower income, lower education or manual occupation are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure (HBP) as well as with cardiovascular mortality. Neighborhood factors, such as the affluence of the area of residence have also been associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have been able to analyze jointly the influence of individual and neighborhood SES on the prevalence of HBP. We aimed to do so using a large sample of French adults. Methods Participants are randomly selected adults aged 18 to 69 recruited to the CONSTANCES cohort between 2012 and 2015. Information on lifestyle was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured in 16 recruitment centers using a standardized protocol. HBP has been defined as BP over 140/90 mmHg and/or taking antihypertensive medication as indicated by matched records from the national database or reimbursements from the French health insurance. SES has been defined at an individual-level using education and at a neighborhood-level through an indicator of socioeconomic deprivation of the area of residence (FDep), divided in quintiles in this study. Analyses were stratified by gender. We first calculated prevalence of HBP according to individual and neighborhood variables separately. We then performed three-level logistic regressions (recruitment center, neighborhood, individual) to analyze jointly the influence of individual and neighborhood SES on the prevalence of HBP, taking into account the specific structure of the data. Results A total of 63,627 individuals (53% women) recruited between 2012 and 2015 were included in the analyses. Mean age in men and women was 48.8 ± 13.3 years and 47.2 ± 13.5 years, respectively. In this sample, 19,383 individuals were classified hypertensive, so the crude prevalence of HBP was 30.5%. Using 2016 French population as reference, standardized prevalence of HBP was 27.5% [95% CI: 27.1–27.8], higher among men (33.8% [95% CI: 33.2–34.5%]) than women (21.3% [95% CI: 20.8–21.8%]). Prevalence increased with age, from 9.5% in 18–34 years to 63.5% in people aged 65 years and more. Prevalence of HBP strongly differed according to the education level in all age groups in both gender. For instance in women with no diploma, prevalence of HBP increased from 10% among 18–34 years to 65% among 65–70 years compared with 4% to 46% in women with highest diploma. The corresponding age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) for prevalence of HBP comparing the lowest versus highest level of education were 2.22 [95% CI: 2.00–2.50] in women and 1.82 [95% CI: 1.67–2.00] in men. Regarding neighborhood, living in more deprived areas was associated with a higher prevalence of HBP in women and men. Age-adjusted ORs for prevalence of HBP comparing the most versus least deprived quintile of areas of residence were 1.61 [95% CI: 1.47–1.75] in women and 1.69 [95% CI: 1.56–1.85] in men. In models including both individual and neighborhood indicators, OR comparing the lowest versus highest level of education were 2.09 [95% CI: 1.87–2.34] in women and 1.70 [95% CI: 1.53–1.88] in men. OR for prevalence of HBP comparing the most versus least deprived quintile of areas of residence were 1.25 [95% CI: 1.11–1.41] in women and 1.15 [95% CI: 1.03–1.30] in men. Conclusions In this cross-sectional analysis of a large sample of adults, we found marked socioeconomic gradients of HBP in all age groups and among both men and women. Individual and contextual indicators of SES were independently associated with the prevalence of HBP.

Eating patterns of Australian adults: associations with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence

PurposeEating patterns have been linked to obesity, an established risk factor for hypertension; however, their contribution to hypertension is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine associations of frequency of meals, snacks and all eating occasions (EO), and temporal eating patterns, with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension.MethodsDietary data collected via two 24-h recalls during the 2011–2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 4482 adults, ≥ 19 years) were analysed. Frequencies of EO, meals, and snacks were calculated. Temporal eating patterns were determined using latent class analysis. Multivariate regression models assessed associations of eating patterns with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and hypertension prevalence.ResultsAmong men, a higher snack frequency was inversely associated with DBP [β = − 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) (− 1.12, − 0.07)] and hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 0.86, 95% CI (0.75, 0.98)] after adjustment for covariates and BMI. However, these associations disappeared after additional adjustment for total energy intake and overall diet quality. Among women, a temporal eating pattern characterized by a later “lunch” meal was associated with SBP [β = 2.45, 95% CI (0.05, 4.84)], DBP [β = 1.69, 95% CI (0.25, 3.13)], and hypertension [OR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.00, 2.22)], when compared to a “conventional” eating pattern.ConclusionsIn this study, an inverse association found between snack frequency and BP among men disappeared after adjustment for dietary factors and a “later lunch” pattern was associated with higher BP in women. Future research is needed to understand the relationship and potential mechanistic pathways between eating patterns and BP.

Study of heat shock protein gene 70 (HSP70) expression and its polymorphous marker (+ 1267A> G) in women under exposure to a long-term stress.

There was studied the HSP70 gene and its polymorphic marker + 1267A> G (rs754888705) in the HSP70 gene expression in32 women under long-term stress, which was caused by inpatient treatment of their oncologic child. A control group included 25 women without long-term stress factors. There was studied a correlation between the expression level of the HSP70 gene in women and their high blood pressure (BP) episodes. The average duration of stress in the group of children's mothers was 7.3 (2.5-11.5) months. Anxiety level according to HADS in the main group was significantly increased and amounted to 8.7 (7-10) points, in the control group 5 (2-7) points. Depression level in the main group was significantly higher and amounted to 7.7 (7-9) points, in the control group 3.3 (1-5) points. Comparison of the HSP70 gene expression level in blood of young women of the main study group with expression level of this gene in the control group showed a statistically significant predominance of HSP70 gene expression in the main group. The episodes of high BP in women who were under stress conditions did not influence the expression level of the HSP70 gene. Analysis of the alleles of the polymorphic marker frequency in the gene HSP70-2 1267A> G (rs754888705) in the main and control groups showed a statistically significant predominance of allele A in the group of mothers under stress, and predominance of the allele G in the control group. Comparative analysis of the polymorphic marker genotype frequencies in the gene HSP70-2 1267A> G (rs754888705) showed that the AA genotype is significantly more frequent in mothers with episodes of BP increase compared to women without it. An increased level of the HSP70 gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes in mothers with a life-threatening disease of their child indicates the damaging effect of long-lasting psychoemotional stress at the cellular level and activation of the protective reaction mediated by HSP70. Studying of the genotype AA characteristics of the polymorphic marker A1267G (rs754888705) of the HSP70-2 gene in women under long-lasting stress will let us evaluate the role of genetic factors in hypertensive reactions development.

The role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by the development of vasospasm, hypertension and often associated with proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. Because termination of pregnancy results in the most efficacious resolution of preeclampsia, it is a leading cause of premature delivery worldwide. In pregnancy, 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been shown to facilitate uterine blood flow during preeclampsia, in which the classic vasodilator agents such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin are reduced. EETs are converted to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). We tested the hypothesis that sEH activity is increased in preeclampsia by measuring urinary 14,15-DHET in healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women. Urine samples were collected and incubated with or without β-glucuronidase to enable the measurement of both the glucuronidated and free forms of 14,15-DHET, which were quantified using a 14,15-DHET ELISA. Levels of total (free+glucuronidated) 14,15-DHET, which is a measurement of EET-dependent sEH activity, were higher in urine samples obtained from preeclamptic women compared to healthy pregnant women. Considering the fact that free+glucuronidated 14,15-DHET levels are increased in urine of preeclamptic women, we hypothesize that sEH expression or activity is augmented in these patients, reducing EET and increasing blood pressure. Moreover we suggest that novel anti-hypertensive agents that target sEH might be developed as therapeutics to control high blood pressure in women with preeclampsia.

Indicadores antropométricos de obesidade como preditores de pressão arterial elevada em idosos

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n1p31 High blood pressure is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and a risk factor for several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators of obesity and establish their cutoff points as discriminators of hypertension and identify the anthropometric indicator of obesity that best discriminates high blood pressure in the elderly. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 300 older adults, 167 (56.5%) women. The following anthropometric indicators of obesity were measured: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist / height ratio (WHtR) and conicity index. Moreover, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were collected. To identify hypertension predictors, the analysis of receiver operating curves (ROC) with 95% confidence interval was adopted. Subsequently, cutoff points with their respective sensitivities and specificities were identified. Analyses were carried out considering 5% significance level. It was observed that some anthropometric indicators of obesity showed area under the curve (AUC) significant with BMI = 0.60 (0.50 to 0.70); WHtR = 0.61 (0.51 to 0.71); conicity index = 0.58 (0.58 to 0.68) in men. The different cutoff points of anthropometric indicators with better predictive power and their respective sensitivities and specificities were identified. The best areas under the ROC curve were for BMI, WHtR and conicity index for men; however, such measures were not satisfactory to predict high blood pressure in women.

Acute air pollution exposure and blood pressure at delivery among women with and without hypertension.

Chronic air pollution exposure increases risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, but the effect of acute air pollution exposure on blood pressure during pregnancy is less well known. We studied 151,276 singleton term deliveries from the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008) with clinical blood pressure measured at admission to labor/delivery and diagnoses of hypertensive disorders collected from electronic medical records and hospital discharge summaries. Air pollution exposures were estimated for the admission hour and the 4 hours preceding admission using a modified version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality models and observed air monitoring data. Blood pressure was categorized as normal; high normal; and mild, moderate, or severe hypertension based on pregnancy cut points. Adjusted ordinal logistic regression estimated the odds of women having a higher admission blood pressure category as a function of air pollutant, hypertensive disorders, and their interaction effect. Odds of high blood pressure at admission to labor/delivery were increased in normotensive women after exposure to nitrogen oxides (by 0.2%/5 units), sulfur dioxide (by 0.3%/1 unit), carbon monoxide and several air toxics (by 3%-4%/high exposure). The effects were often similar or stronger among women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Exposure to particulate matter <10 μm increased odds of high blood pressure in women with preeclampsia by 3%/5 units. Air pollution can influence admission blood pressure in term deliveries and may increase likelihood of preeclampsia screening at delivery admission.

Statistical Modelling for Risk Factors of High Blood Pressure in Women

The main objective of the study is to find out the risk factors of high blood pressure among women. A cross sectional survey was conducted at the public and private hospitals of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Saturation sampling technique was utilized to gather information. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that the risk factors of high blood pressure are age, income, employment status, physical inactivity, tea, fruit in taking habit, inherited hypertension, stress and sleeplessness.

Dental status in the Polish elderly population – Results of the national survey PolSenior

women. High CRP level was strongly associated with hypertension and its more advanced stage only in women (P<0.001). Current but not former smoking was associated with higher CRP levels in the whole group (P<0.001) and in men separately (P<0.005), but not in women which might result from a low number of currently smoking females (84 subjects). Conclusions.– SerumCRP level is ageand sex-related. The high CRP level is associated with female sex, obesity, high blood pressure in women and smoking status in men. (Implemented under publiclyfunded project No. PBZ-MEIN-9/2/2006, Ministry of Science and Higher Education).

Clonidine versus captopril for treatment of postpartum very high blood pressure: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (CLONCAP)

BackgroundThe behavior of arterial blood pressure in postpartum of women with hypertension and pregnancy and the best treatment for very high blood pressure in this period still need evidence. The Cochrane systematic review assessing prevention and treatment of postpartum hypertension found only two trials (120 patients) comparing hydralazine with nifedipine and labetalol for the treatment of severe hypertension and did not find enough evidence to know how best to treat women with hypertension after birth. Although studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of treatment with captopril, side effects were reported. Because of these findings, new classes of antihypertensive drugs began to be administered as an alternative therapy. Data on the role of clonidine in this particular group of patients, its effects in the short and long term are still scarce in the literature.ObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of clonidine, compared to captopril, for the treatment of postpartum very high blood pressure in women with hypertension in pregnancy.Methods/designThe study is a triple blind randomized controlled trial including postpartum women with diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy presenting very high blood pressure, and exclusion criteria will be presence of heart disease, smoking, use of illicit drugs, any contraindication to the use of captopril or clonidine and inability to receive oral medications.Eligible patients will be invited to participate and those who agree will be included in the study and receive captopril or clonidine according to a random list of numbers. The subjects will receive the study medication every 20 minutes until blood pressure is over 170 mmHg of systolic blood pressure and 110 mmHg diastolic blood pressure. A maximum of six pills a day for very high blood pressure will be administered. In case of persistent high blood pressure levels, other antihypertensive agents will be used.During the study the women will be subject to strict control of blood pressure and urine output. This proposal has already obtained approval of the local Institutional Review Board of the coordinating center (IMIP, Recife, Brazil) and of the National Council for Ethics in Research (CONEP) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health.Trial registrationClinical Trials Register under the number NCT01761916.

PP004. The polymorphism C677T of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), may increase risk for future higher blood pressure in women with previous hypertension in pregnancy

The MTHFR is a key enzyme in the folate cycle involved in homocysteine remethylation. The T allele of MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with lower activity inhibiting the DNA methylation and protecting from oxidative stress. To evaluate the MTHFR genotype-phenotype relationship during and after pregnancy comparing hypertensive with normotensive women. A sample of 380 women with 32.54±6.478 years old, 181 normotensive (NT) and 199 hypertensive (HBP) being 70.3% above 34 weeks of gestation. A subgroup 63 women with history of preeclampsia were studied 3-6 years postpartum and compared with 59 controls. The MTHFR was evaluated by PCR-RFLP using DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Statistical analysis evaluated with appropriated tests. The distribution of genotypes of the MTHFR was different according to blood pressure (BP), it was observed that the TT genotype had lower frequency in HBP (p<0.001). In the subgroup CC+CT the MPO levels were higher in HBP as well as nitrites, leucocytes, neutrophils, Apo B, BMI, waist and ratio waist/hip compared with NT (p<0.001, p=0.04, p=0.042, p=0.035, p=0.03, p=0.022, p=0.026, respectively). There were differences between levels of BP systolic and diastolic between women previously HBP and NT of CC+CT compared with TT carriers (p<0.001). The MTHFR may modulate blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk. TT genotype with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, may be a protective factor for future hypertension and cardiovascular risk compared with women CC and CT genotypes with higher levels of circulating biomarkers of inflammation.