High Amounts Of Lead Research Articles

Investigation of Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Zinc Extraction Waste

It is important for waste management to economically evaluate the solid leach residues released in zinc production facilities and classified as hazardous waste due to the metals they contain, without harming the environment and human health. Although the disposal of these residues often requires special technologies, hazardous wastes are left to the environment or landfills due to the expense of these technologies and the inadequacy of legal sanctions in some cases. For this reason, it is important from an economic and environmental perspective to evaluate these residues and bring them into the industry. In this study, lead cake formed during zinc extraction production, brought from Kayseri Çinkur enterprises, was used. Since this waste contains high amounts of lead as well as zinc and iron, the conditions for removing phosphate from aqueous solutions were investigated. Phosphate removal adsorption isotherms were obtained using the obtained batch test results. Additionally, some thermodynamic quantities regarding phosphate removal were calculated. As a result of the experiment, it was determined that the P removal efficiency from aqueous solutions significantly depends on the solution pH and the dose of waste lead cake. It was also determined that phosphate removal from aqueous solutions obeyed the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Additionally, it was observed that phosphate adsorption equilibrium was established after a period of 120 min. By mixing 100 mg/L phosphate solution with pH 7.69 with 20 g/L lead cake without any addition and contacting for 120 minutes, approximately 74% of the phosphate can be effectively removed by adsorption.

Multi-scale characterization of lead-rich deposited particles originating from the fire of Notre-Dame de Paris

Fire is a major hazard for built heritage. The fire at Notre-Dame on April 15, 2019 completely destroyed the woodframe and the lead roof (about 285 tons) almost entirely melted due to high temperatures. A part of the molten lead escaped into the atmosphere in the form of aerosols while the majority remains within cathedral enclosure in the form of deposits, metallic remains, spatters etc. In particular unusual yellowish deposits of lead-rich particles were observed and collected inside the monument (in the nave, near the organ and in St-Eloi Chapel). These were then thoroughly characterized to identify the neoformed lead compounds. Both bulk and local analyses were carried out to obtain particle morphology and size distribution, chemistry and mineralogy of the deposits, from macro to nanoscale. We found that the fire-related deposits all contain high amount of lead (10 to 44 %) mainly in the form of monoxides (litharge and massicot) with other lead-bearing phases (Ca-plumbate, metallic lead, lead sulfates and carbonates, plattnerite) in smaller amount. These lead phases are concentrated in heterogeneous microspheres, at the periphery of terrigenous minerals (calcite, quartz, feldspars) or mixed with anhydrite minerals. The size distribution shows that the fire produced giant particles (> 100 μm in diameter) similar to those found near the fallout from industrial emissions. This study provides a better understanding of the lead contamination pathways following the Notre-Dame cathedral fire and new insights into the reactivity of lead during a fire.

Heavy Metal Analysis Of Some Phytotherapeutic Plants In Sanamavu Forest, Krishnagiri District Of Tamil Nadu, India.

ABSTRACT Phytotherapeutic plants such as Aristolochia indica L. Bidens pilosa L. Clematis zeylanica L. (Pori.) Syn: Naravelia zeylanica L. Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.) Ex Willd. and Plectranthus caninus L. are used as important source of medicine for village people near the Sanamavu Forest area, Krishnagiri District. The concentration of five heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg) and Thalium (TI) are investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Heavy metal analysis shows that the high amount of lead (Pb) 2.36 mg/kg is identified in Plactranthus caninus L. and 1.80 mg/kg is in Clematis zeylanica L. (Pori.) The high amount of Cadmium (Cd) 0.143 mg /kg is identified in Plactranthus caninus L. and 0.097 mg/ kg in Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.) Ex Willd. and the high amount of Arsenic (Ar) 0.11 mg/kg found in Plactranthus caninus L. and 0.039 mg/kg in Biden pilosa L. The high amount of Copper (Cu) 19.01mg/kg found in Clematiszeylanica L. (Pori.) Mercury (Hg) and Thalium(TI) are not detected in the five selected medicinal plants. This research goal is to identify and report heavy metals in the selected medicinal plants.

Nestlé India Limited: comeback after the Maggi fiasco

Research methodology We have used data mostly from published sources like The Economic Times, Forbes, The Times of India and the annual reports of Nestlé India Ltd. Because we classify it as a Teaching Case Study as per the guidelines of Emerald Publishing, we have ensured that any data presented in the case has been acquired only from published sources and is not internal company data. Citations have also been provided wherever necessary. Case overview/synopsis On 6 June 2015, Nestlé India’s top product Maggi instant noodles was banned nationwide for an unspecified period. The ban was imposed due to allegations of Maggi containing high amounts of lead and message, and consequently violating the food safety standards. What followed was the destruction of massive stocks of Maggi which had been taken off from shelves of stores countrywide. Furthermore, the company faced a huge blow financially as its sales plummeted. This case delves into how Nestlé India adopted relevant strategies to successfully avert the Maggi crisis. Some remedial measures included appointing a Managing Director who understood the market, improving the communication channel and boosting the churn out of new products along with greater emphasis on marketing and advertising. Complexity academic level This case is aimed mainly at undergraduate level students in the field of management studies and public relations management. This case is also relevant for students pursuing a specialization in Crisis Communication, Public Relations, Marketing and Organizational Change.

Effect of sulfide and hydroxide on the removal of heavy metal ions from hydrometallurgical zinc effluent

ABSTRACT Heavy metals removal from Specialized Industrial Park of Zinc of Zanjan effluent was tested using sulfide, hydroxide, and the combination precipitation. The initial effluent includes 200 ppm of zinc, 55 ppm of cadmium, 113 ppm of manganese, 0.85 ppm cobalt, 0.65 ppm nickel, 0.2 ppm iron, and 0.55 ppm lead. Sulfide precipitation using Na2S as a sulfide source is inefficient in the precipitation of manganese except in high concentrations of sulfide, while hydroxide precipitation using lime is not successful in cadmium removal. Combining these two methods in one and two steps is helpful in the precipitation and settling of all heavy metal ions. The optimum temperature, pH, sulfide concentration, and time were determined. The concentration of zinc, cadmium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and iron were reduced to 0.1, 0.1, 0.14, 0.23, 0.19, and 0.16 ppm, while lead was not detected in the solution in optimum condition. The experiments were repeated for effluent with higher amounts of lead, iron, and nickel, and its success in efficient removing of these ions is also confirmed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to study morphologies and structures of precipitation. The concentration of Na2S plays a crucial role in removal efficiency. Excess sulfide causes the increment of ions such as manganese in the solution and decrements the efficiency discussed in this research. The lower use of lime, almost no excess sulfide ions in solution, fast kinetics, and precipitating of a wide range of metal ions are some advantages of this method.

Contamination of potentially toxic metals in children's toys marketed in Iran.

Chemical exposure of heavy metals in children is of particular concern. However, using heavy metal-contaminated toys can threaten the life and well-being of children. Therefore, quality control of toys for avoiding children exposure to potentially toxic metals is important. The investigation of potentially toxic metals (arsenic, barium, antimony, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, selenium) in toys was performed in present study. A total number of 150 popular cheap priced plastic toy samples were purchased from the eight metropolitan and most visited provinces in Iran and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for arsenic, barium, antimony cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, and selenium. As resultsshowed As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, and Se respectively were in the range of 0-0.9mg/kg, 0.3-5mg/kg, 0-3.1mg/kg, 0.04-4.8mg/kg, 0-0.03mg/kg, 0.22-11.7mg/kg, 0-1.2mg/kg, and 0.03-1.1mg/kg. Cadmium was higher than the European standard in Kurdistan province. The highest amount of mercury was also observed in Tehran. The highest amount of lead, selenium, and antimony was detected in Qom province. The results showed that all the toxic elements in the collected toys were within the permissible limit. Furthermore, market monitoring isneededtocontrol toys safety on a large scale in metropolitan cities like Qom province.

Токсичні властивості свинцю, його вплив на харчові ланцюги і методи ремедиації (огляд літератури)

The purpose of the study was to review the most recent findings related to lead toxicity for plants, animals and humans. It is stated that the highest potential belongs to biological techniques and the most up-to-date lead phytoremediation technologies. Results and discussion. Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals which frequently occurs in the environment. Various quantitative indices are used to assess lead toxicity at trophic levels of a food chain, including the levels of lead absorption by plants. Hyperaccumulating plants can accumulate more than 1000 mg/kg of the metal. Higher lead concentrations are connected with fruit plants. Lead transport in animals is done through the blood circulatory system, whereby bones are the main lead absorbers (~ 90%), where lead replace calcium and reduces the bone mineral density. Lead poisoning in humans most frequently results from peroral intake and absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. The main process of lead transport from the gastrointestinal tract to various body tissues is conducted via erythrocytes, where lead binds to hemoglobin. The half-life of lead in blood and soft tissues has been estimated as 35 and 40 days, respectively. Lead may stay in the bones up to 30 years; its concentration rate in the teeth and bones increases with age. Over 95% of lead deposit in the skeleton represent an insoluble phosphate. The biological half-life of lead in children is significantly larger than in adults. The total lead load on skeleton makes 80-95% in adults and around 73% in children. Lead toxicity primarily targets the human central nervous system, and child exposure to high amounts of lead from the environment, particularly in the case of anemia, entails low intelligence and movement disorders. Mothers can transmit lead to fetus or infants during breast-feeding. There are various processes that seek to reduce the overall lead concentration and accumulation in the food chain. Out of those, the most effective are biological techniques of lead remediation from contaminated resources. They include phytoremediation and microbiological treatment. The first option reduces lead mobility in the root zone of plants through complex formation. The second option reduces lead availability in the environment via employing local microorganisms. Both options are a natural, safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly technology which implies cost-effective operation and represents no threat to the environment and health. However, a high potential is detected in biotechnological and genetic approaches, such as genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, nanoparticles, and isotope probing. These are the most up-to-date technologies for lead phytoremediation. The use of omics approaches implies identifying candidate genes for an efficient lead removal, diverse phylogenetic research into the sequence of genes and proteins that control lead bioremediation and genetically modified plants cultivation via transgenesis, which are able to restore various wastewaters, contaminated lands, and can be beneficial for practical application in bioremediation. Conclusion. The most recent research and development in the field of nanosciences provide access to even more efficient and stable approaches to remediation that are being successfully applied in cleaning soils, deposits, solid waste, and wastewaters

GROWING OF OIL CROPS AND INTENSITY OF ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS UNDER THEIR MINERAL FERTILIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF VINNICHNA REGION

The article presents statistical and calculated indicators on the volumes of oilseeds cultivation, the effect of mineral fertilization of soils during the cultivation of oilseeds on the intensity of the intake of heavy metals in them is investigated. An analysis of the cultivation of oilseeds in the Vinnytsia region showed that their total sown area as of 2021 was 351.5 thousand/ ha, of which 81.6% - sunflower, 17.7% - winter rape and 0.6% - spring rapeseed. The sown area and production volumes of sunflower seeds in the Vinnitsa region for all categories of farms amounted to 300.8 thousand/ha and 10,053.4 thousand/centner, respectively. Under the conditions of enterprises, the sown area under sunflower was 95.4%, and the volume of production - 96.4%, while in the households of the population these indicators were in the range of 4.5% and 3.6%. The sown area and production volumes of winter rapeseed seeds in the Vinnitsa region amounted to 62.8 thousand/ha and 2103.3 thousand/centner, respectively. In terms of enterprises, the area for growing sunflower was 99.2%, and in households - 0.8%, production volumes, respectively - 99.4% and 0.6%. Spring rape under the conditions of enterprises occupied 87.5% of the area, and in the conditions of households - 12.5%. The volume of production of seeds of spring rape in the conditions of enterprises amounted to 92.6%, in households - 7.3%. It was found that the highest amount of lead and cadmium entering the soil was observed during the cultivation of winter rapeseed. So, when growing winter rapeseed with mineral fertilizers, more lead and cadmium get into the soil 2.0 times and 2.4 times, respectively, compared to sunflower. When growing spring rapeseed in soils with mineral fertilizers, 1.7 times less lead and 1.75 times less lead and cadmium, compared to winter rape, get into the soil.

Non‐invasive surface analysis of ancient bronze arrowheads with scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray powder diffractometry

In this research, surfaces of eight ancient metal arrowheads were investigated regarding chemical composition, homogeneity, and products of corrosion. To perform that, two nondestructive techniques were applied: Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), and X‐ray powder diffractometry (XRPD). Importantly, both methods did not require sampling, cutting, nor significant cleaning of the historical artifacts, which made the measurements not only nondestructive but noninvasive too. SEM‐EDS measurements provided information on the morphology and elemental composition of the surfaces of the studied objects as well as the distribution of chemical elements on the surfaces and supported crystalline phase analysis. It was revealed that the arrowheads were cast of tin bronze, but some of them contained high amounts of lead and admixtures of antimony and arsenic while copper and tin oxides and lead carbonates were found as the major corrosion products. In some cases, distribution of elements in the surface exhibited serious nonhomogeneity, probably resulting from limited solubility of the casting metals and degradation processes. Based on the obtained results, authenticity and declared provenience of the arrowheads were assessed in reference to the characteristics of similar objects described in literature.

Lead in Urban Soils: Relation between the Hazard Exposure from Bioaccessible Fraction and Soil Fractionation

ABSTRACT Lead is a toxic metal that can cause harmful effects on the environment and human health. In urban areas, airborne particulates can be a source of lead that can be deposited in urban soils. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the Pb bioaccessibility in urban soils and also correlate the solid-phase distribution sequential extraction steps with the gastric phase oral in bioaccessibility of Pb, since it can be an indicator of contamination potential human health risk. The study was conducted in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, a city with 700,000 habitants which has an intense vehicular traffic. The sequential extraction revealed that the highest amount of lead is bonded in Fe – Mn oxides in soil and at the residual phase, indicating the low leachability of Pb. The bioaccessibility assay showed a high release of Pb in the gastric phase and hazard quotient values of the samples were high for children, indicating higher potential harmful effects. This study also evidenced the relation between the release of Pb by different soil fractions and the bioaccessibility, since acid-extractable fractions can increase the Pb bioaccessibility in gastric phase.

Lead Concentration in Dust Fall in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran

Dust is one of the atmospheric pollutants that has adverse environmental effects and consequences. Dust fall contains particles of 100 microns and smaller which fall from the atmosphere onto the earth surface. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of lead in dust fall samples in order to study the pollution level of this element in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran. Therefore, sampling was carried out using 30 marble dust collectors (MDCO) for 3 months in the spring of 2015 to investigate the quantitative variation and spatial analysis of lead content in dust fall. These dust collectors were placed at 30 stations on the buildings' roofs with a height of approximately 1.5 meters across the city. According to the results, the mean lead concentration in the spring was 90.16 mg/kg. In addition, the zoning map of lead content shows that the lowest level of lead was measured at Imam Khomeini station, while Mostafa Khomeini station had the highest amount of lead.

Lead concentration in dust fall in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran

Dust is one of the atmospheric pollutants that have adverse environmental effects and consequences. Dust fall contains particles of 100 microns or even smaller ones, which fall from the atmosphere onto the earth surface. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of lead in dust fall samples in order to study the pollution level of this element in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran. Therefore, sampling was carried out using 30 marble dust collectors (MDCO) for 3 months in the spring of 2015 to investigate the quantitative variation and spatial analysis of lead content in dust fall. These dust collectors were placed at 30 stations on the building roofs with a height of approximately 1.5 meters across the city. According to the results, the mean lead concentration in the spring was 90.16 mg/kg. In addition, the zoning map of lead content shows that the lowest level of lead was measured at Imam Khomeini station while the highest amount of lead appeared in Mostafa Khomeini station.

Efficient heterogeneous synthesis of reactive polygalacturonic acid hydrazides

Low-methoxy ammonium pectinate (APC) and polygalacturonic acid (PG) could be transformed heterogeneously in a catalyst-free system very efficiently to the corresponding polysaccharide (PS) hydrazides. The hydrazide formation proceeds even at room temperature efficiently and is almost independent of the reaction temperature in the range from 25 of up to 80°C. In contrast to a homogeneous reaction, the heterogeneous path is efficient considering the amount of hydrazine hydrate employed. The PS hydrazides obtained show no signs of degradation or side reactions that might occur due to the basicity of the hydrazine reagent used. The polygalacturonic acid hydrazide (PGH) obtained is nontoxic as revealed by a chicken egg test. Furthermore, preliminary studies indicate that the PS hydrazides synthesized possess good metal chelating abilities, especially high amount of lead (II) can be bound from an aqueous solution.

ACCUMULATION OF LEAD, CADMIUM AND SULPHUR IN PASTURE GRASSES GROWING ALONG TRAFFIC HIGHWAY AND INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT IN SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA

Possible uptake of lead, cadmium and sulphur by ruminants from three pasture grasses, Penisetum purpureum, Panicum repens and Cynodom dactylon growing along traffic highway and industrial estate in Akwa Ibom state was investigated. Concentration of the heavy metals and sulphur in the grasses were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods respectively. P. repens from the traffic highway contained the highest amount of lead (56.5µg g-1) and sulphur (681 ppm dry weight) which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those from industrial layout (36.45µg g-1, Pb and 545 ppm sulphur respectively). The highest content of cadmium (1.6µg g1) was obtained from P. repens and C. dactylon from the same location of the traffic highway. The concentration of the contaminants in all the grasses from industrial layout and traffic highway were higher (p<0.05) than those from arable farm land and rural village which made up the control treatment. The results provide reliable information on the possible dangers ruminant animals are exposed to by grazing forages along traffic highways and around industries.

Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Lead, Nickel, Cadmium, Vanadium and Some Chemical Parameters in Surface Soils of the City of Khorramabad

This study was conducted in 2017 with the aim of determining the distribution of heavy metals lead, nickel, cadmium, vanadium and the parameters of acidity, electrical conductivity and organic matter in the surface soils of the city of Khorramabad. Sampling was performed monthly from 12 stations and was repeated 3 times in the autumn. The highest amount of cadmium was observed in the soil samples of industrial areas of the city in the two sampling periods of October and December to be 7 ppm. A comparison of the mean measured values of heavy elements showed that the highest average amounts of heavy elements are in industrial areas and the lowest in residential areas. The lowest amount was measured in 8th and 11th stations at 2 ppm. The highest amount of lead in the 6th station, a bustling area, was measured to be 22 ppm. The average nickel in industrial areas was higher than other areas. In industrial area, during the sampling period of October, its amount was determined to be 58 mg/kg. The highest amount of vanadium was recorded in staion9 at 52 mg/kg. Lead has a significant correlation with nickel, cadmium and soil acidity. This correlation is 0.01% for acidity and cadmium variables and 0.03% for nickel. Nickel has a significant correlation with cadmium and vanadium at the level of 0.01%. The results indicate that the surface soil of the city of Khorramabad is not contaminated with the studied metals. In general, the results showed that both human and natural factors are always involved in the distribution and concentration of heavy metals.

The level of blood lead painter workers Rafsanjan city and its correlation with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 2019

Introduction: Painters are exposed to various chemical harmful agents such as lead particles in paints. Some studies have suggested a possible association of occupational exposure that may cause cardiovascular effects. Lead is absorbed through the body through the skin, skin, and respiratory tract and penetrates some tissues. Considering the importance of labor health in each country's development and progress, this study was conducted to determine the amount of lead in the blood of painters in Rafsanjan in 2019. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study of the descriptive type conducted in 1397 on 77 painters of Rafsanjan city. Data collection was done in two stages, in the first stage, based on a checklist that included demographic information, and in the second stage by performing laboratory tests. Finally, by recording the data in SPSS software, quantitative data was reported as a "mean ± standard deviation" and qualitative information as a "number (percent)". Results: Of the 77 painter workers, the youngest is 21, and the oldest is 70 years old. A total of 20 people (26%) had a family history of heart attacks. The highest amount of lead in the blood of painters was reported to be 30.7 micrograms per deciliter, and the level of lead was most correlated with blood sugar. Sixty people (77.9%) painters used personal protective equipment. 49.4% of the study's painters wore work clothes, and 28.6% used gloves while working. Lead levels are directly related to blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, age, work experience, and blood sugar levels were most correlated with the level of lead in painters' blood. Conclusion: This study's findings show that due to the increase in the work experience of painters, their blood lead level has also increased, and the blood sugar level has had the highest correlation with the lead level in the painters' blood.

A non-destructive approach for the characterization of glass artifacts: The case of glass beads from the Iron Age Picene necropolises of Novilara and Crocefisso-Matelica (Italy)

A totally non-destructive approach was employed to characterize beads from two Picene necropolises (Novilara-PU and Crocefisso-Matelica-MC) dating back to between 9th and 6th centuries B.C. Investigations were carried out principally by means of Reflectance Spectroscopy determining Co2+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ as the main chromophores, and by Raman Spectroscopy to distinguish samples realized with other materials, in particular bones and shells were recognized. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy identified hematite as a coloring phase in the unique red bead discovered as unmelt crystals in blue and yellow beads. Additionally, X-Ray Diffractometry investigations indicated Ca-phosphates, bindhemite and the less common brizzite, as opacifiers in white and yellow beads, while chemical data collected through X-Ray Fluorescence evidenced differences between findings from the two localities and/or within the same site. Beads were found to belong to the Low Magnesium Glass (LMG) and High Magnesium Low Potassium (HMLK) classes with most blue beads being comprised of cobaltiferous alum salts and a relatively impure sand, and a calcareous sand having been used for all other analyzed beads. Finally, differentiations performed on the basis of MgO amounts tended to indicate the samples from Crocefisso as being more similar to Bronze Age compositions than the Novilara ones which are closer to typical Iron Age proportions. In addition, high amounts of lead have been detected in all the yellow beads, but they could be positively correlated to Sb2O3 only for samples recovered in the Novilara necropolis, thus indicating the use of lead antimonates as coloring agents.

Heavy metals accumulation in plants of the dry-steppe zone of the East Kazakhstan region

In this article data of a long-term research of the main regularities of distribution of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Pb, Cd) in plants of dry-steppe zone of the East Kazakhstan region are described. The field under study is of considerable scientific significance, as it includes the former nuclear plant of Semipalatinsk, as well as the protected area of the Abai Museum-Reserve. Zone typical plants of a steppe and desert-steppe zone were investigated; all 100 tests of plants, 18 views from 6 families were studied. It is shown that the wild vegetation of the study region contains much higher amounts of lead than cobalt. A significant scatter in the content of heavy metals in wild plants is characteristic. The maximum change in heavy metals is observed in cadmium (72%) and manganese (62%), the minimum change in zinc (25%). For the researched region by the level of biological absorption by plants, copper, manganese, cobalt, lead belong to the group of elements of average absorption; zinc, cadmium – to a group of elements of intense absorption. For zinc and cadmium, biogenic migration, apparently, can act as the main factor in the migration of these elements in the landscape. For zinc a basipetal distribution in various parts of plants is shown, and for copper and manganese an acropetal distribution in various parts of plants is revealed. Cobalt, lead and cadmium are characterized by the greatest accumulation in the roots of plants, while the content of these heavy metals in plant stems is minimal.

Investigation of Heavy Metal Content of Tellina (Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) in Black Sea Region (Kefken)

In this study, monthly change of the heavy metal composition of tellina (Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) from Kefken territory on the Black Sea coast between 2013 and 2014 was investigated. Heavy metal analysis was determined by ICP-OES. Mercury (Hg) and tin (Sn) were not detected during the period of 12 months. Lead (Pb) was detected in November, December, January, February, and March and it was calculated as 12.97 μg/g on average. The highest amount of lead was detected in December as 16.08±0.82 μg/g. The amounts of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) were determined between November and April and it was seen that they had average values such as 0.45 μg/g Cd, 0.91 μg/g Co and 4.46 μg/g Ni. Chrome was detected during the 12 months and it was calculated as 4.19 μg/g on average. The highest and the lowest amounts of chrome were detected in January as 16.71±2.11 and August as 0.70±0.05, respectively. In addition, it was seen that during the period this study was held, between 2013 and 2014, there were dramatic temperature changes and the instant temperature changes positively affected the accumulation of heavy metal in the species. Despite the fact that the instant temperature changes positively affect the accumulation of heavy metals in the live metabolism, it is better to handle the subject regarding the effects of global warming on living things. It is possible to say that tellina can be consumed as food in convenient times. In respect of the detections in this study, it can be said that tellina can be conveniently consumed between April and October depending on the territory.

Can Salvia splendens ‘Red Vista’ be used in association with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices for the assisted phytoextraction of lead from the soil in Lima, Peru?

In Peru, gasoline containing lead as a main component was used in vehicles up until 2006, when the Government banned its sale. However, since this was preceded by a century of constant use, there is a high chance that most urban soils are polluted with this heavy metal. Hyperaccumulator plants that take up heavy metals from the soil and store them in their tissues without showing any symptoms of toxicity may be the solution to this problem, as the use of these plants for phytoremediation does not require large amounts of money, can be carried out in situ, and is environmentally friendly, making it one of the best options for urban areas. However, unfortunately, there are only a few known species of hyperaccumulator plants that can be grown in urban environments. Therefore, we conducted a bioassay at the Soil Fertility Laboratory of the Agronomy Faculty at the National Agrarian University La Molina, Peru, over a period of 4 months to determine the hyperaccumulation capacity of Salvia splendens ‘Red Vista’ and to examine whether the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices can enhance the extraction of lead from the soil. After harvest, the plants were divided into three parts (roots, leaves, and inflorescences) to determine the concentrations of lead in the various tissues. We found that S. splendens ‘Red Vista’ did not accumulate high amounts of lead in its tissues even when it was associated with G. intraradices and consequently should not be considered for use in phytoextraction.