Hierarchical Production Research Articles

Market intelligence applications leveraging a product-specific Sentence-RoBERTa model

Market intelligence, which collects and analyzes market trends and competitive landscape, is crucial for business success in the market. In particular, defining market scope is important because the market analysis outcomes vary depending on where the market boundaries are. However, this has been challenging due to the difficulty in scoping a number of similar products into the target market appropriately. To address this challenge, this study devised a novel method for acquiring reliable market intelligence utilizing the Sentence-RoBERTa (SRoBERTa) model, a pre-trained language model (PLM) specialized in computing sentence similarity. The SRoBERTa model was fine-tuned with 26,248,771 data on product relations and built a product-specific SRoBERTa model (named Pro-SRoBERTa) for effectively identifying the products that fall within the market scope. It outperformed the untrained model by up to 82.8 % on the hierarchical product categorization task. Finally, the Pro-SRoBERTa model was applied to determine the scope of the market followed by obtaining diverse market intelligence. The analysis module was successfully implemented in the market information system using a large-scale, real-world dataset.

On the determining number of some graphs

A subset S of vertices of a graph G is a determining set for G if every automorphism of G is uniquely determined by its action on S. The determining number of a graph G is the smallest integer r such that G has a determining set of size r. In this paper, we study the determining number of edge-corona product, hierarchical product of graphs and the determining number of blow-up of some graphs. Also, we investigate the determining number of the zero divisor graph of the ring Z n , for some values of n.

Hierarchical forecasting at scale

Hierarchical forecasting techniques allow for the creation of forecasts that are coherent with respect to a pre-specified hierarchy of the underlying time series. This targets a key problem in e-commerce, where we often find millions of products across many product hierarchies, and forecasts must be made for individual products and product aggregations. However, existing hierarchical forecasting techniques scale poorly when the number of time series increases, which limits their applicability at a scale of millions of products.In this paper, we propose to learn a coherent forecast for millions of products with a single bottom-level forecast model by using a loss function that directly optimizes the hierarchical product structure. We implement our loss function using sparse linear algebra, such that the number of operations in our loss function scales quadratically rather than cubically with the number of products and levels in the hierarchical structure. The benefit of our sparse hierarchical loss function is that it provides practitioners with a method of producing bottom-level forecasts that are coherent to any chosen cross-sectional or temporal hierarchy. In addition, removing the need for a post-processing step as required in traditional hierarchical forecasting techniques reduces the computational cost of the prediction phase in the forecasting pipeline and its deployment complexity.In our tests on the public M5 dataset, our sparse hierarchical loss function performs up to 10% better as measured by RMSE and MAE than the baseline loss function. Next, we implement our sparse hierarchical loss function within a gradient boosting-based forecasting model at bol.com, a large European e-commerce platform. At bol.com, each day, a forecast for the weekly demand of every product for the next twelve weeks is required. In this setting, our sparse hierarchical loss resulted in an improved forecasting performance as measured by RMSE of about 2% at the product level, compared to the baseline model, and an improvement of about 10% at the product level as measured by MAE. Finally, we found an increase in forecasting performance of about 5%–10% (both RMSE and MAE) when evaluating the forecasting performance across the cross-sectional hierarchies we defined. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our sparse hierarchical loss applied to a production forecasting system at a major e-commerce platform.

Material flow control in make-to-stock production systems: an assessment of order generation, order release and production authorization by simulation

AbstractMaterial flow control (MFC) is a key element of production planning and control. The literature typically categorizes different MFC methods according to how MFC is realized. This distinction overlooks that MFC decisions can be subdivided into three independent tasks that are executed as orders progress through the system: (i) order generation, (ii) order release, and (iii) production authorization. MFC methods are typically designed for only one of these three tasks, which leaves a large part of the order flow uncontrolled. This study therefore not only provides a new categorization of MFC methods, but also argues for the simultaneous application (or the combining) of three different MFC methods for order generation, order release, and production authorization. To support this argument, the performance effects of an integrated MFC approach are evaluated. Findings show that each individual MFC method impacts different performance metrics, which can be explained by the presence of a hierarchy of workloads, where each workload level constrains the succeeding hierarchical level. Each MFC method has a main impact on a different workload. This has important implications for the design of MFC methods and extends recent literature on hierarchical production planning and control systems.

Transgress: Alternative Practices in the Production of Cultural Facilities in Self-managed Territories. Casa Guadua, Altos del Pino. Soacha

This article delves into a study subject, the creation of a community space, aimed at enhancing memory and fostering community cohesion in the context of self-built habitat. With a transgressive approach, rooted in the peripheral production of knowledge, the design process diverges from the globally hegemonic architectural production. Instead, it horizontally explores alternative and collective processes based on subjectivity. During the construction process, the involvement of an international organization allowed us to evaluate the effects, tools, and dynamics between vertical and hierarchical production and horizontal production based on a dialogue-creation processes.

Design platform concept for product-as-a-service by electrical and electronic equipment manufacturers

Many methods and tools have been developed to help original equipment manufacturers to shift towards circular business models (CBM), however, a gap is observed for decision making support that allows to test different functions of a CBM (e.g., product design and financial and environmental assessment) and their prompt exchange of relevant information. To overcome this, a design platform concept is proposed, aiming to transcend existing frameworks’ limitations and link engineering and managerial aspects. Focused on delivering Product-as-a-Service for electrical and electronic equipment, the platform concept aims to reduce global electronic waste and extend product lifespans. The framework proposed involves a holistic approach encompassing product architecture, service ecosystems, and new digital technologies. Emphasis is placed on a hierarchical product architecture structure, a well-developed service ecosystem involving various stakeholders, and the integration of digital twins, data management, and artificial intelligence. Specific performance and circularity indicators within the design platform concept will address the challenges related to circularity, business model development, and sustainability. These indicators encompass decision tools focusing on both product and business model design and operation with the help of different ease of X decision tools (repair, refurbish, remanufacture, reuse, and recycle). Additionally, sustainability validation tools, including life cycle assessment, critical raw material assessment, life cycle cost analysis, and social life cycle assessment, will support informed decision-making within the design platform concept.

A BOM model transformation method for hierarchical production planning management process of complex products

The Bill of Materials (BOM) is the core data in the hierarchical production planning management of complex products. In the current competitive market environment and increasing demand for individual customization, complex product manufacturing enterprises are exploring methods that fully use common data and efficiently organize the BOM according to order requirements. However, due to the lack of a unified data modeling method for hierarchical production planning, BOM data at different levels cannot be interpenetrated. Moreover, the single-tree BOM lacks flexibility in describing the dynamic change process of data in different planning management stages (i.e., order receiving, variant design, and manufacturing execution).This paper proposes a BOM model transformation method for hierarchical production planning management to efficiently and accurately organize the data in different planning management stages of complex products. First, the Hierarchical Bill of Materials (HBOMs) model is constructed to integrate BOM data of different levels of planning. Subsequently, to describe the data requirements in HBOMs for different plan management stages, a composite HBOMs containing three types was designed. The Generic-HBOM (G-HBOM) aims to manage the common data of the same product type. The Instance-HBOM before-manufacturing (I-HBOM (BM)) and Instance-HBOM after-manufacturing (I-HBOM (AM)) manage the personality data of single product variant design and manufacturing execution stages, respectively. The transformation process models of HBOMs are constructed by analyzing the transformation logic between three types of HBOMs. To support the transformation process of HBOMs, five transformation operators are summarized, and the node traversal algorithm logic is proposed. Finally, a steam turbine generator product is taken as an example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. This method can effectively improve the efficiency of BOM construction and reduce data redundancy while helping to ensure the integrity, consistency, and accuracy of BOM data.

Statement of Removal

Following a request from the author, this article has been removed. The journal's editorial team have agreed to remove this article in line with its editorial policies. Article title: The politics of finding facts Author: Rouf Dar Journal: Third World Quarterly Citation information: Volume 44, Number 8, pages 1664–1679 Version of Record Published Online: 6 May 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2206555

Master Production Scheduling with Consideration of Utilization-Dependent Exhaustion and Capacity Load

A large number of researchers have addressed social aspects in hierarchical production planning. This article responds to research gaps identified in our previous literature review. Accordingly, consideration of social aspects and the economic implications of social improvements are required in a longer term planning approach. For this, we integrate work intensity as employee utilization in a general mixed-integer programming model for master production scheduling. Following existing fatigue functions, we represent the relationship between work intensity and exhaustion through an employee-utilization-dependent exhaustion function. We account for the economic implications through exhaustion-dependent capacity load factors. We solve our model with a CPLEX standard solver and analyze a case study based on a realistic production system and numerical data. We demonstrate that the consideration of economic implications is necessary to evaluate social improvements. Otherwise, monetary disadvantages are overestimated, and social improvements are, thus, negatively affected. Moreover, from a certain level of work-intensity reduction, demand peaks are smoothed more by pre-production, which requires more core employees, while temporary employment is reduced. Further potential may arise from considering and quantifying other interdependencies, such as employee exhaustion and employee days off. In addition, the relationship between social working conditions and employee turnover can be integrated.

Hierarchical Structure Objects Information Systems Decision Support Developing Process

Application of methods for designing decision support information systems for hierarchical systems is considered. Determining the interaction parameters of methods for designing decision support information systems for managing hierarchical production and technical systems is an urgent scientific problem, the which solution makes a significant contribution to the development of technologies for designing decision support systems. The process of operation of a decision support system for the analysis of hierarchies using the full graphical interface technology, a functional model of an expert information system for the analysis of hierarchical structures is presented. Hierarchical production and technical systems are complex, which entails great complexity in the development of decision support information systems to manage them. This complexity creates the problem of 'crisis' in the development of such systems for hierarchical production and technical systems. Despite many advantages and a long history of successfully applying the unified design method to the development of information systems, it does not completely overcome the problem of this crisis. To overcome this problem for hierarchical production and technical systems, it is proposed to modify the unified design method and use the synergistic effect from the combined use of structural, object and visual modelling methods in the form of a new design method - a modified system design process. The article presents the scheme and algorithm of the proposed method, the results of the analysis of its application. The possibility of its application to systems with a hierarchical structure is established. Unlike traditional models of information systems, the decision support information system model built according to the new method successfully integrates various subject areas of knowledge due to its visibility and support for object-oriented design technologies, which allows it to be effectively used to create an expert information system model for complex technical systems.

Star chromatic number of some graph products

A star coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is a proper vertex coloring in which every path on four vertices uses at least three distinct colors. Equivalently, in a star coloring, the induced subgraphs formed by the vertices of any two colors have connected components that are star graphs. A graph [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]- star-colorable if there exists a star coloring of [Formula: see text] from a set of [Formula: see text] colors. The minimum positive integer [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-star-colorable is the star chromatic number of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, upper and lower bounds are presented for the star chromatic number of the rooted product, hierarchical product, and lexicographic product.

MEP-3M: A large-scale multi-modal E-commerce product dataset

The product categories are vital for the E-commerce platforms due to the core applications on automatic product category assignment, personalized product recommendations, etc. In this paper, we construct a large-scale Multi-modal E-commerce Products classification dataset MEP-3M, which is large-scale, hierarchical-categorized, multi-modal, fine-grained, and long-tailed. Statistically, MEP-3M consists of over 3 million products, thus achieves the largest data scale in comparison to the existing E-commerce product datasets. The products in MEP-3M are represented in three modalities: image, textual description, and OCR text, and labeled with tree-like labels. The third level labels are extremely fine-grained. In addition, we exploit four novel practical tasks on this dataset, Product classification, Hierarchical Product Classification, Fine-grained Product Classification, and Product Representation Learning. For each task, we present some image-only, text-only, and multi-modal baseline performances for further researches. The MEP-3M dataset will be released at https://github.com/ChenDelong1999/MEP-3M.

ANALYSIS OF RISK TERMINAL FLOWS IN TECHNOGENIC SYSTEMS ARISING IN THE PROCESS OF THREAT IMPACT

Context. The analysis of the risk terminal flows in technogenic systems is carried out, which arise in the process of the impact of informational and cognitive threats in the automated document management system as part of the hierarchical production system.
 The object of the research is the process of functioning of complex systems with a hierarchical structure, in which automated document management systems with a high level of data flow protection for decision-making are used to provide the information quality control of technological processes.
 The subjects of the research are the methods and means of constructing an information protection system to ensure the reliable functioning of automated document management systems and making targeted decisions in hierarchical structures with minimal risk of exposure to external threats and attacks.
 Objective is to develop a complex model for assessing the risk of the document management system failure as part of a hierarchical production system under the active threats.
 Method. For the first time, the cause-and-effect diagram of the event formation with the active action of threat factors and attacks is substantiated and developed, the interpretation of risk in a technogenic system is defined, and the risk in the space of states is presented as a change in the trajectory in the system transitions to the limit operation mode. For the first time, a category diagram of the structure of risk generation under the threat factors and a system-category diagram of interaction in the system risk ↔ emergencyactive nature is constructed, a system-category scheme of risk formation under the active threat factors is suggested. For the first time, a cognitive diagram for assessing losses in the event of a risk situation arising from incorrect actions of the personnel is substantiated.
 Results. As a result of the research, a system-category diagram of the impact of a set of threats on the system functioning mode and process is constructed, a method is developed for calculating the level of system strategic security of energy-active hierarchical systems in the process of attacks and threats, and a complex model for assessing the risk of a system functioning failure under active threats is suggested.
 Conclusions. Under the action of active obstacles, cognitive and system factors at the operational and strategic levels of the control hierarchy, due to wrong decisions and informational disorientation, emergency situations and risks of the system function loss and its target-orientation arise. The analysis of a set of risks and the suggested category diagram of the risk generation structure under the impact of threat factors form the basis of the development of the probability structure of the risk concept based on the attack ↔ consequence model, as well as the construction of a system-category diagram of the interaction in the game active factor ↔ accident risk. This, in turn, makes it possible to construct a system-category scheme for the formation of risk terminal flows in technogenic systems that arise in the process of threat impact. A complex model for assessing the risk of system failure under threats can be used to construct protection systems for any hierarchical control structures of technogenic systems.

Skills and Training in Hierarchical Capitalism: The Rise and Fall of Vocational Training in South Korea

From an economic model in which education and growth reinforced each other, South Korea has developed a pathological equilibrium holding back economic and social progress. Low labour productivity and skills mismatch undermine the economic prospects of the country, and sharp rises in inequality in an ever more dualised labour market erode social cohesion. Governments of different political persuasion have recognised these challenges, and they have thought to reinvigorate vocational education and training (VET). However, this article shows that large employers – which were at the heart of a segmentalist coalition between business and government when collective skills formation of the Developmental State was dismantled – continue to undermine any efforts of meaningful vocational skills formation. It is argued that the country’s hierarchical production regime and, related to this, labour market dualisation provide the micro-foundations for successive failure in VET reform; and without challenging large employers’ dominant position in the Korean political economy and without addressing labour market dualism, the reform of VET policy can be expected to remain a futile endeavour.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРОЦЕССОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫМИ ПОТОКАМИ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

In this work the problem of forming to effective information support of processes of mana¬gement of the hierarchical production including operations of completing of a product, nodes, subnodes and so on up to subnodes of the set level, at the set normative levels of number of sets taking into account duration of assembly cycles and levels of complete stocks is formulated. The described scheme implements multilevel management with the operator of the highest level of hierarchy, however do not provide reservation of production capacities on the purpose of management that contradicts problems of a system and causes relevance of this article. The research objective consists in need of increase in efficiency automated information to management systems by production structures on the basis of statistical simulation models. Research methods. Let's consider the basic principles which are been the basis for a method of probabilistic and automatic modeling. The method is based on the automata theory consisting in use of results of a machine experiment during creation of complex self-organizing information systems and also in the systems of automation of productions. The probabilistic and automatic model of an information system represents no other than aggregate model when smashing a system to the smallest one-dimensional units. The basic concepts of automatic modeling are the probabilistic automatic machine and the system of probabilistic automatic machines. Results. With growth of complexity of a production system transition to two-level, and then and to multilevel management provides more effective use of resources (capacities and stocks) for the purpose of streamlining of process of release of finished goods. Conclusion. It is defined that the full harmony of interests of control objects is achievable only at the power of flows equal 1. Two-level management provides achievement of goals of management system even at full disharmony of interests of control objects. For increase in efficiency of use of resources of information support it is necessary to build not two-level, but multilayer system of management in which the number of the “subordinate” operators submitting to one “higher” operator is not enough to provide the required level of harmony of their interests. Thus, multilevel management, along with other tasks, solves the most important problem of ensuring a certain level of harmony of the purposes of a system as whole and its elements.

Integrated Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems and Hierarchical Production Planning with Worker Assignment and Stochastic Demand

This study deals with the interaction of dynamic cellular manufacturing (DCM) and hierarchical production planning (HPP) problems with stochastic demands for the first time. Each of these alone does not consider the system factors such as stochastic demands and dynamic cellular formation separately. Accordingly, to fill this gap, this paper presents an integrated optimized model incorporating the most comprehensive design of DCM systems and HPP problems with stochastic demands. This model helps administrators get the optimal size and number of cells to decrease costs. Also, the model applies the principles of HPP to reduce the complexity of the integrated model. Since demands are uncertain, they need to be accurately predicted. Therefore, this study aims to combine the most precise decision variables with the most realistic conditions. A case study from an agriculture mechanization and industrial development company shows that an integrated model can provide managers with a feasible solution to meet demand, reconfigure cells in each period, provide new machinery to increase the required production capacity, and adjust production capacity to help them cope with demand fluctuations. A sensitivity analysis was performed and the results show that increase in forecast error and inter-cell move cost cause less significant changes in total cost but the total cost is sensitive to intra-cell move cost, available time capacities and cell quantity. It is also shown that the total cost was very sensitive to available regular time and available over time and the system should try to increase the time capacity.

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF EMPLOYEES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES IN KOZHIKODE

Even though exhibition examination is worried about assessing labourers' work execution, it simultaneously features the particular targets of an association. As the worker is being evaluated, the association likewise sets itself by looking at goals and guidelines of execution, audits the entire examination system and plan, and hierarchical qualities and culture. Execution examination is a genuine apparatus for associations to assess and expand the nature of instruction and preparation of their labour force to create deep-rooted learning examples and techniques to support efficiency through more extended working periods. Inspiration, as it connects with representative efficiency, is frequently behind the drive for execution and self-realization and gives open doors to higher efficiency. Efficiency is a significant proportion of objective accomplishment because finishing fewer assets increments hierarchical productivity. Utilizing the exploratory examination plan and 109 members, the consequence of the review of severe strength areas demonstrates the relationship between exhibition evaluation and worker efficiency. It recommends that the issue of execution examination in textile and garments industries in Kozhikode ought to be tended to. Considering the aftereffect of the review, the paper suggests that presentation evaluation ought to painstakingly survey the representative's assets and shortcomings against necessities for potential future higher obligations.

The Eccentric-Distance Sum Polynomials of Graphs by Using Graph Products

The correlations between the physico-chemical properties of a chemical structure and its molecular structure-properties are used in quantitative structure-activity and property relationship studies (QSAR/QSPR) by using graph-theoretical analysis and techniques. It is well known that some structure-activity and quantitative structure-property studies, using eccentric distance sum, are better than the corresponding values obtained by using the Wiener index. In this article, we give precise expressions for the eccentric distance sum polynomial of some graph products such as join, Cartesian, lexicographic, corona and generalized hierarchical products. We implement our outcomes to calculate this polynomial for some significant families of molecular graphs in the form of the above graph products.

A Comparative Analysis of Disaggregation Types in Hierarchical Production Planning

Supply chain management has become an important component of global economy through competitive environment among businesses. Production planning is a significant major element of value chains, and considered in two different models namely monolithic and hierarchical. Hierarchical approach divides the problems into several stages according to product type and product family, and provides problem solving much more easily. This study introduces a comparative analysis for disaggregation types of two research papers which utilize hierarchical production planning models in supply chain processes.

CONSENSUS ANALYSIS IN HIERARCHICAL NETWORKED SYSTEMS

This paper introduces evolving hierarchical networks based on hierarchical product. We discuss two important consensus behavior indexes in both un-weighted and weighted cases in those networked systems: (1) convergence speed in system without delay and noise; (2) delay robustness in system with communication time-delay. We analyze the approximative behaviors of these two consensus indexes by determining the second smallest and largest eigenvalue of Laplacian matrix, respectively, as well as how the scale of the weight factor affects the consensus performance. Moreover, the method applied in this paper is also applicable to many classic networks. Finally, two numerical simulations are given to verify the advantages of communication topology like hierarchical networks and the validity of the theoretical results.