Hierarchical Frame Research Articles

‘I'm a resourceful person and I ask questions everywhere I go:’ adult job seekers’ adaptive literacy practices in the platformized workforce development system

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the experiences of adult job seekers in a community technology center, primarily exploring three cases. In adult education, the term digital literacy has been used to refer to technical skills, reflecting a hierarchical framing of learning that positions technologies as neutral tools. Drawing from a sociomaterial perspective, I explore the broader range of adaptive literacy practices emerging for adult job seekers as they moved across entangled platforms and workforce agencies during a six-month ethnographic case study. Findings explore three aspects of the adults’ practices across the platforms: maneuvering resumes across platforms as boundary objects; collaboratively navigating platforms’ rules; and drawing from formal and informal knowledge.

Fully Data-Driven Robust Output Formation Tracking Control for Heterogeneous Multiagent System With Multiple Leaders and Actuator Faults.

This article investigates a fully data-driven method to solve the robust output formation tracking control problem for the multiagent system (MAS) under actuator faults. The outputs of the followers are controlled to track those of multiple leaders with respect to a convex point while achieving an expected time-varying formation. To obviate the requirement of various system prior knowledge in typical MAS control, a hierarchical frame is developed with three learning and control stages using the online measured data. First, a distributed adaptive observer is designed to coordinate the state convex of multiple leaders while estimating unknown dynamics. The adaptive mechanism relaxes the demand for global topology. Second, by collecting and reusing the online system data, an off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) method is proposed in a continuous form to acquire nominal feedback gains from partial observations of the followers. Essential system models are learned along with the RL process, while solutions to the output regulation equations are implicitly obtained. Third, a comprehensive robust controller is further presented based on the previous learning results. To address the actuator faults with efficiency loss and bias, the adaptive neural networks and robust compensations are utilized in a model-free manner. The output formation tracking is achieved under a derived feasibility condition while stabilities of the learning and control methods are analyzed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity of this fully data-driven control frame.

Hybrid hierarchical aggregation with semi dynamic optical line terminal distribution algorithms optimization for ethernet passive optical networks

The goal of hybrid fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) access networks is to ubiquitously integrate the accessible vast amounts of optical network bandwidth with wireless network mobility at minimal cost and simple network installation. Fi-Wi networks can employ both Radio over Fiber (RoF) and Radio and Fiber (R&F) technologies. The difference between them is that R&F uses two MAC controls: one for optical fiber and one for wireless networks. One can reduce interference within the wireless subnetwork while avoiding the negative effects of fiber optic propagation delays on the network. RoF, on the other hand, uses MAC control for both optical and wireless networks, resulting in network latency and congestion. This paper demonstrates (i) the use of semi-dynamic bandwidth allocation and (ii) the use of hierarchical frame aggregation for access in next-level integrated Ethernet passive optical network EPON/WLAN-based generations and presents the ongoing research to improve the Quality of Service in wireless and fiber access networks. The study includes an offered load up to 10 Gbps, reaching the up-to-date levels. The obtained results reveal that the data, voice, and video latency are reduced, respectively, by 35%, 25%, and 30%. At the same time, the corresponding throughput is increased, respectively, for data, voice, and video by 35%, 25%, and 30%.

Reiterating Hierarchy and the Failed Promise of the Global

AbstractThe idea of global modernisms rests upon freighted power relationships. Far from decolonizing, this concept reinscribes values of Euro- and US-centric discourses. This article addresses the inherent friction of global musical modernisms through Carlos Chávez's 1940 composition La paloma azul, written for concerts at New York's Museum of Modern Art. Tasked with appealing to a US audience, Chávez created work that participates in modernism's hierarchical frame, where Mexico provides exotic fantasy for bourgeois New Yorkers.Chávez was not alone in having been positioned as ‘modernism's shadow’ – the negative counterexample that confirms modernism's progressive image. Global musical modernism suggests that modernism can shed its exclusionary identity and encompass more. But it hides how modernism has always been international, and how composers such as Chávez have been central to its construction. By ignoring modernism's historical realities, global musical modernism shores up existing understandings and maintains the marginal status of whatever is categorized as ‘global’.

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONAL LOAD AMONG MAJOR AND MINOR LANGUAGES IN KYRGYZSTAN

The language map of modern Kyrgyzstan represents an interesting picture of the beginning of the 21st century. Since the time of gaining independence in 1991, the sociolinguistic map of the country has undergone enormous changes. This article describes the ongoing processes of sociolinguistic changes for the last 30 years. Kyrgyzstan is a multilingual and multicultural country, which faced many language and other problems after 1991. Therefore, the task of this article is to reveal the functional responsibilities of the main (leading) and minority languages of Kyrgyzstan. Special attention of the authors should be paid to the growing role of the Kyrgyz language as a state-building component of Kyrgyzstan as a new-born republic. The Kyrgyz language is becoming a center-forward language, that plays a crucial role in a society, as it is a primary means of communication and expression. There are 85, according to the statistics, languages in Kyrgyzstan, which constitute the language landshaft of the country in some hierarchical frame. The Kyrgyz language in the future should group all languages of the country, working in all domains, into one single force, which will benefit Kyrgyzstan.

Video Compression using Neural Weight Step and Huffman Coding Techniques

Video Compression using Neural Weight Step and Huffman Coding Techniques

Values: A Core Guiding Principle for Behavior-Analytic Intervention and Research.

Values represent qualities or beliefs that are of high priority to individuals or society and represent one of the core processes within acceptance and commitment therapy or training (ACT or ACTr). The current article discusses values and valuing not only as a centralized process in ACT but also as a core process guiding the field of applied behavior analysis with applications that extend across several intervention domains. A relational frame theory model of values as hierarchical frames that augment reinforcing functions that can influence socially meaningful behavior change is reviewed. This basic model is then extended to encompass temporal, deictic, and causal frames. Values-based intervention research is emerging in areas such as guided decision making, professional development, organizational behavior management, parent training, and treatment plans for children and adults. Although this research is promising, more work is needed to further explore the role of values and valuing within ACT, and when they are used within other intervention strategies. Several potential avenues for future research that may aid in the development of values-based intervention by behavior analysts and extend the scope of our field and practice are discussed.

Towards the Integration of Modern Power Systems into a Cyber–Physical Framework

The cyber–physical system (CPS) architecture provides a novel framework for analyzing and expanding research and innovation results that are essential in managing, controlling and operating complex, large scale, industrial systems under a holistic insight. Power systems constitute such characteristically large industrial structures. The main challenge in deploying a power system as a CPS lies on how to combine and incorporate multi-disciplinary, core, and advanced technologies into the specific for this case, social, environmental, economic and engineering aspects. In order to substantially contribute towards this target, in this paper, a specific CPS scheme that clearly describes how a dedicated cyber layer is deployed to manage and interact with comprehensive multiple physical layers, like those found in a large-scale modern power system architecture, is proposed. In particular, the measurement, communication, computation, control mechanisms, and tools installed at different hierarchical frames that are required to consider and modulate the social/environmental necessities, as well as the electricity market management, the regulation of the electric grid, and the power injection/absorption of the controlled main devices and distributed energy resources, are all incorporated in a common CPS framework. Furthermore, a methodology for investigating and analyzing the dynamics of different levels of the CPS architecture (including physical devices, electricity and communication networks to market, and environmental and social mechanisms) is provided together with the necessary modelling tools and assumptions made in order to close the loop between the physical and the cyber layers. An example of a real-world industrial micro-grid that describes the main aspects of the proposed CPS-based design for modern electricity grids is also presented at the end of the paper to further explain and visualize the proposed framework.

Investigating the effect of conditional vs hierarchical framing on motivation

Manipulating motivational factors is an effective method for increasing desired behavior and reducing problematic behavior, as well as for increasing satisfaction from desired but challenging actions. From the Relational Frame Theory (RFT) perspective, hierarchical networks of symbolic positive reinforcers are advantageous motivators as they provide intrinsic, overarching, and inexhaustible reinforcement to our actions, even when they cause some degree of distress. The current study aimed to investigate how motivation based on hierarchical versus conditional versus a mixed (hierarchical and conditional) framing impacts performance and psychological experiences in a distress tolerance task. Participants completed an anagram task, followed by the presentation of scripts relating to three separate framing conditions. Participants then proceeded to take part in an adapted PASAT-C to measure task persistence, followed by completion of self-report measures evaluating mood, self-efficacy, and experiences of task participation. A final anagram task was completed to evaluate the effect of framing condition on task performance and transfer of framing conditions across different tasks. Hierarchical and mixed groups outperformed the conditional group on measures of task performance and persistence. This effect was transferred to performance on the anagram task. Significantly increased self-efficacy, comfortableness, and willingness were observed for both the hierarchical and mixed conditions over the conditional group with the hierarchical group outperforming the mixed group. This study highlights the potential differing effects that framing tasks conditionally, hierarchically or both hierarchically and conditionally can have on motivation and task performance.

Chronic Kidney Disease stratification using office visit records: Handling data imbalance via hierarchical meta-classification

BackgroundChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of several conditions that affect a growing percentage of the US population; the disease is accompanied by multiple co-morbidities, and is hard to diagnose in-and-of itself. In its advanced forms it carries severe outcomes and can lead to death. It is thus important to detect the disease as early as possible, which can help devise effective intervention and treatment plan.Here we investigate ways to utilize information available in electronic health records (EHRs) from regular office visits of more than 13,000 patients, in order to distinguish among several stages of the disease. While clinical data stored in EHRs provide valuable information for risk-stratification, one of the major challenges in using them arises from data imbalance. That is, records associated with a more severe condition are typically under-represented compared to those associated with a milder manifestation of the disease. To address imbalance, we propose and develop a sampling-based ensemble approach, hierarchical meta-classification, aiming to stratify CKD patients into severity stages, using simple quantitative non-text features gathered from standard office visit records.MethodsThe proposed hierarchical meta-classification method frames the multiclass classification task as a hierarchy of two subtasks. The first is binary classification, separating records associated with the majority class from those associated with all minority classes combined, using meta-classification. The second subtask separates the records assigned to the combined minority classes into the individual constituent classes.ResultsThe proposed method identifies a significant proportion of patients suffering from the more advanced stages of the condition, while also correctly identifying most of the less severe cases, maintaining high sensitivity, specificity and F-measure (≥ 93%). Our results show that the high level of performance attained by our method is preserved even when the size of the training set is significantly reduced, demonstrating the stability and generalizability of our approach.ConclusionWe present a new approach to perform classification while addressing data imbalance, which is inherent in the biomedical domain. Our model effectively identifies severity stages of CKD patients, using information readily available in office visit records within the realistic context of high data imbalance.

Design and technological solutions for technical systems based on the example of a sowing complex for grain crops

In this paper, we have developed a formalized problem statement for automated design of a technical system (TS) on the example of a sowing complex (SC) and improved the methodology of decision-making information support for its design by creating a virtual model of the TS. An information-logical model, which unifies sets of data on the external environment and data processing technologies, is used for selecting the structural scheme of the TS. A procedural decision-making model allows optimal selection of standard units and mechanisms of the TS taking into account uncertainty and discrepancies in the data. The virtual model of the SC is presented in the form of a hierarchical frame structure, including parametric three-dimensional geometric models and drawings of individual units, devices, mechanisms and details, as well as attributive data. A new design of a SC for grain crops uses both standard units and non-standard devices, which provides reduction of the sowing time and energy consumption together with the possibility of using the SC as a cultivator and a disk harrow.

An Experimental Analysis of Defusion Interactions Based on Deictic and Hierarchical Framings and Their Impact on Cognitive Performance

The aim of the current study was to analyze the effect of different types of framing one’s own behavior, as in defusion interactions, on performance in several experimental tasks. For this purpose, in Phase 1 (or pretest), 34 participants performed two experimental tasks that induced discomfort. In Phase 2, participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental protocols: the Defusion I protocol was basically made up of deictic framing interactions— I/You, Here/There, Now/Then—to promote flexibility in perspective taking of the psychological content; the Defusion II protocol incorporated not only deictic framing but also hierarchical framing to promote a perspective where the psychological content is experienced in a hierarchical relation with the deictic “'I” and several cues to specify the regulatory or augmental function; and the Control protocol did not include any active protocol component. Finally, in Phase 3 (or posttest), participants repeated the two experimental tasks. Results indicate that all participants’ performance increased after the intervention. However, the superiority of Defusion II condition was shown. Conclusions of the current study are focused on the type of framing involved in the so-called defusion interactions that ensure its efficacy, supported by the improvement of performance observed.

Transforming Global Governance in the Post-2015 Era: Towards an Equitable and Sustainable World

This article reports on a dialogic symposium that brought academics from a wide range of disciplines together with practitioners and activists. The purpose was to discuss key issues conditioning the possibility of establishing global governance mechanisms which could promote transition paths toward a more equitable and sustainable world. Following the structure of the symposium, the article is divided into four thematic sections. The first contextualizes the discussions by looking at the characteristics and challenges of global governance today. The second addresses power relations in global governance with a focus on the corporate and financial sectors. It discusses practices of multistakeholder governance and public–private partnerships, the unhealthy levels of corporate influence on the UN system, and the dominant discourse that naturalizes corporate power, ‘free’ trade, and corresponding definitions of ideas such as knowledge, efficiency, and development. The third section turns to sites and forms of countervailing power and practice with particular attention to transcalar approaches and social movement actors. It highlights the potential of multi-level, territorial approaches for breaking out of hierarchical and nation state-based frames and building alternative forms of democracy. It illustrates the relevance of bioregions and ecosystems as meaningful arenas for thinking about and organizing social and economic life and for managing common pool resources. It invokes the imperative of protecting the human rights framework from the multiple challenges it faces. Finally, it explores alternative ways of generating and sharing knowledge and of challenging narrowly defined ‘evidence-based’ policy by assembling legitimate, qualitative evidence rooted in lived realities. The concluding section raises the question of whether—and on what conditions—intergovernmental multilateralism can be seen as a locus for transformation, and suggests some avenues of future research.

Visual Technologies of Imperial Anthropology: Tsuboi Shōgorō And Multiethnic Japanese Empire

Visual technologies were significant tools in the field of anthropology throughout the late nineteenth century, when they were frequently used for studying and exploring other ethnicities. This article argues that visual technologies played an active role for Japanese anthropologists not only in investigating other Asian nations but also in conceptualizing the Japanese empire as a multiethnic nation. Tsuboi Shōgorō—a founding father of modern Japanese anthropology—and his scholarly group, the Tokyo Anthropological Association, employed a variety of visual media in their work, ranging from sketches and photographs to exhibitions. Their use of visual methods, however, has been discussed only in terms of their “othering” of neighboring nations; this article, rather, explores how these visual technologies led these anthropologists to visualize the Japanese empire as a composite of multiple ethnic nations, with each group keeping its own customs and culture. This article focuses on the anthropological exhibitions that Tsuboi and his colleagues organized and participated in. It first examines how these exhibition activities produced a general-type image of each ethnic group and yet placed them within a hierarchical frame; then, secondly, it investigates how they visualized the multiethnicity of the Japanese empire by bringing all the other ethnicities to one place.

Reporting from the Field: The Narrative Reconstruction of Experience in Pick-up Artist Online Communities

Abstract This study focuses on the reconstruction of experience in the online environment of the Pick-up Artist (PUA) community forums and aims to uncover yet another facet of personal narrative, namely the role and performance of framing in the reporting of events. Discursive psychologists have often pointed out that a narrative is not a precise reflection of reality but a device that itself shapes the social world because reality always under-determines the verbal representation of events. In this study, we show how the verbalisation of narrative guides the reader towards the intended understanding by establishing the shared knowledge schema in the community of practice. Utilising data from a specific genre in the PUA forums, the “field reports” (i.e. narrative reconstructions of encounters between the PUAs and women), we describe three pertinent layers of frames, how they are evoked linguistically and how they interact with each other. Our investigation of the hierarchical framing of the interaction as [pua training], [personal narrative] and [success report] shows that they are based on group-specific knowledge schemas but, at the same time, draw on conventionalised narrative structures.

Hierarchical frame based spatial–temporal recovery for video compressive sensing coding

In this paper, the divide-and-conquer based hierarchical video compressive sensing (CS) coding framework is proposed, in which the whole video is independently divided into non-overlapped blocks of the hierarchical frames. The proposed framework outperforms the traditional framework through the better exploitation of frames correlation with reference frames, the unequal sample subrates setting among frames in different layers and the reduction of the error propagation. At the encoder, compared with the video/frame based CS, the proposed hierarchical block based CS matrix can be easily implemented and stored in hardware. Each measurement of the block in a different hierarchical frame is obtained with the different sample subrate. At the decoder, by considering the spatial and temporal correlations of the video sequence, a spatial–temporal sparse representation based recovery is proposed, in which the similar blocks in the current frame and these recovered reference frames are organized as a spatial–temporal group unit to be represented sparsely. Finally, the recovery problem of video compressive sensing coding can be solved by adopting the split Bregman iteration. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance against many state-of-the-art still-image CS and video CS recovery algorithms.

Training Relational Language to Improve Reading Comprehension

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of strengthening participants’ relational abilities on measures of comprehension. We evaluated the effects of two phases of multiple exemplar training on reading comprehension: hierarchical relational training, and hierarchical framing under the contextual cues of “same” and “different”. Five participants with poor reading comprehension, but strong reading abilities, were trained in four components of hierarchical relational training. This phase was designed to increase the frequency and flexibility with which participants related properties to stimuli, and to assess if training in hierarchical relations improved participant’s ability to derive hierarchical relations between stimuli. The next phase of training required participants to discriminate relevant relations under contextual cues of “same” and “different”. The effects of training were examined on measures of reading comprehension and written expression. All but one participant showed improvements on one or more academic measures indicating a functional relationship between the language skills acquired and comprehension and written expression. These data have important implications for guiding research endeavors in behavior analysis and for informing practices in education. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Hierarchical key frame extraction for wireless capsule endoscopy video based on the saliency map

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a non-invasive imaging technique to examine the entire small intestine. This paper presents a novel hierarchical key frame extraction algorithm based on the saliency map to automatically select a small number of key informative frames in the WCE video to assist the diagnostic process. We start from calculating the saliency map and extracting the inside colour, texture and shape features. We then compute the image information entropies with adapted weights on three features; calculate the differences of entropies in the successive frames and extract the first level key frames to divide the video into multi-segments. Finally, the mean shift clustering method is applied on each segment to obtain the final key frames. The proposed technique achieves the fidelity of 95.07% and the compression ratio of 87.9% on average, validating that the proposed scheme is highly promising for the key frame extraction in the WCE video.

Optimization of fractal space frames under gentle compressive load

The principle of hierarchical design is a prominent theme in many natural systems where mechanical efficiency is of importance. Here we establish the properties of a particular hierarchical structure, showing that high mechanical efficiency is found in certain loading regimes. We show that in the limit of gentle loading, the optimal hierarchical order increases without bound. We show that the scaling of material required for stability against loading to be withstood can be altered in a systematic, beneficial manner through manipulation of the number of structural length scales optimized upon. We establish the relationship between the Hausdorff dimension of the optimal structure and loading for which the structure is optimized. Practicalities of fabrication are discussed and examples of hierarchical frames of the same geometry constructed from solid beams are shown.

Demand on Request and Performance Evaluation in Video MAC Protocol (VMP) for EPON based Network

MAC Protocol (VMP) in EPON based access networks. In triple-play (Data, Voice, and Video) service scenarios for such EPON based access networks, Optical network technologies are expected to converge in the near future, since the fiber networks hold great promise as future broadband communication. Video traffic will likely dominate in triple-play service scenarios for each fiber networks. It is proposed to introduce and analyze the Video MAC Protocol (VMP) to efficiently deliver pre-recorded video downstream to consumers over a fiber network in presence of voice and data upstream and downstream traffic. The VMP consists of three main components: (i) Frame Fragmentation and Hierarchical frame Aggregation, (ii) Multi-Polling Channel Access, and (iii) Prefetching for VBR Video Streams. By introducing VMP we are going to analyze the throughput- delay performance for all three traffic types: Voice Traffic, Video Traffic, and Data Traffic. In this paper we are evaluating a demand on request and performance evaluation of VMP. Video streaming according to the user requirement and encoded in three quality types of Video for low, medium and high quality users and the most common performance metrics are delay and throughput are compared with existing Mac protocol.