Hidden Hierarchies Research Articles

Hyperbolic Graph Diffusion Model

Diffusion generative models (DMs) have achieved promising results in image and graph generation. However, real-world graphs, such as social networks, molecular graphs, and traffic graphs, generally share non-Euclidean topologies and hidden hierarchies. For example, the degree distributions of graphs are mostly power-law distributions. The current latent diffusion model embeds the hierarchical data in a Euclidean space, which leads to distortions and interferes with modeling the distribution. Instead, hyperbolic space has been found to be more suitable for capturing complex hierarchical structures due to its exponential growth property. In order to simultaneously utilize the data generation capabilities of diffusion models and the ability of hyperbolic embeddings to extract latent hierarchical distributions, we propose a novel graph generation method called, Hyperbolic Graph Diffusion Model (HGDM), which consists of an auto-encoder to encode nodes into successive hyperbolic embeddings, and a DM that operates in the hyperbolic latent space. HGDM captures the crucial graph structure distributions by constructing a hyperbolic potential node space that incorporates edge information. Extensive experiments show that HGDM achieves better performance in generic graph and molecule generation benchmarks, with a 48% improvement in the quality of graph generation with highly hierarchical structures.

Revealing invisible inequalities in egalitarian political theory

ABSTRACT In this paper, I consider what one might call a negative-critical turn in egalitarian political theorizing, according to which egalitarians should not begin with a positive account of how a society of equals would supposedly look, but with the identification and critical analysis of existing hierarchical relations. Subsequently, these relational egalitarians proceed by asking what kind of political actions are needed to combat these hierarchies. For this egalitarian critique to be successful, however, it is crucial that unjust hierarchies can actually be identified. Yet, because many hierarchies perform their deadly operations at the margins of societal life, operate subtly and silently, or are disguised by hegemonic epistemic frameworks, they tend to be invisible to powerfully situated subjects. While critical race and feminist relational theories tend to be well aware of this problem, mainstream relational egalitarian theory often ignores the existence of these sorts of inequalities. This paper asks what relational egalitarian political theory can learn from critical race and feminist relational theories with respect to the operation of hidden hierarchies.

Regional language vitality in the linguistic landscape: hidden hierarchies on street signs in Toulouse

ABSTRACTThe city of Toulouse is a major contributor to the public visibility of Occitan, a regional language (RL) associated with southern France. Whilst French law recognizes the country's RLs in terms of national heritage, the official supremacy of French remains constitutionally unchallenged. This means that, along with other public texts, street names are only officially sanctioned in French. The bilingual street signs in central Toulouse recognize this hegemony by consistently displaying French above Occitan. However, they also suggest a covert preference for the RL, where Occitan overshadows French in the meaning associations of street names, and their translation and adaptation on the lower plaques. This challenges the linguistic hierarchy as determined by code preference, as Occitan emerges as a dominant code hidden in plain sight. This article proposes several methods for quantifying Occitan vitality as seen on street signs. Based on current notions of code preference and inter-text translation, it offers some new approaches to classifying and analysing multilingual signs in the Linguistic Landscape.

Zero sets of -functions and hidden hierarchies of KdV type

The zero sets of KdV -functions are characterized in terms of the stratification of the infinite Grassmannian. It is shown that these sets are related to integrable hierarchies arising from Schrodinger equations with energy-dependent potentials.

Hidden Hierarchies: The Professions and Government.

Hidden Hierarchies: The Professions and Government.

Hidden Hierarchies: The Professions and Government

Hidden Hierarchies: The Professions and Government

Hidden Hierarchies; The Professions and Government

Hidden Hierarchies; The Professions and Government

Hidden Hierarchies: The Professions and Government

The thesis of this book is that the major professions in the United States today are organized in conservative and politically powerful associations which resemble medieval guilds. This illuminating idea, unfortunately, is presented in such a dull style that its force is greatly weakened. There are other original ideas here to reward the hardy reader. Mrs. Gilb, a political scientist who made this study while on a Social Science Research Council grant, points out that the big professional associations not only influence the making of laws but also exhibit some of the characteristics of government themselves, including internal legislative, executive, and even judicial functions. Although she concedes that our society still has elements of democracy and dynamic change, the author suggests that we are on the threshold of a worldwide era of social stratification and rigidification of the whole system. It may be difficult for members of the medical profession