HF Ground Wave Radar Research Articles

The study of single station inverting the sea surface current by HF ground wave radar based on adjoint assimilation technology

This paper introduces the assimilation technology in an ocean dynamics model and discusses the feasibility of inverting the sea surface current in the detection zone by assimilating the sea current radial velocity detected by single station HF ground wave radar in ocean dynamics model. Based on the adjoint assimilation and POM model, the paper successfully inverts the sea surface current through single station HF ground wave radar in the Zhoushan sea area. The single station HF radar inversion results are also compared with the bistatic HF radar composite results and the fixed point measured results by Annderaa current meter. The error analysis shows that acquisition of flow velocity and flow direction data from the single station HF radar based on adjoint assimilation and POM model is viable and the data obtained have a high correlation and consistency with the flow field observed by HF radar.

Estimation of detection threshold in multiple ship target situations with HF ground wave radar

A credible method of calculating the detection threshold is presented for the multiple target situations, which appear frequently in the lower Doppler velocity region during the surveillance of sea with HF ground wave radar. This method defines a whole-peak-outlier elimination (WPOE) criterion, which is based on in-peak-samples correlation of each target echo spectra, to trim off the target signals and abnormal disturbances with great amplitude from the complex spectra. Therefore, cleaned background noise samples are obtained to improve the accuracy and reliability of noise level estimation. When the background noise is nonhomogeneous, the detection samples are limited and often occupied heavily with outliers. In this case, the problem that the detection threshold is overvalued can be solved. In applications on experimental data, it is verified that this method can reduce the miss alarm rate of signal detection effectively in multiple target situations as well as make the adaptability of the detector better.

Estimation of the direction of arrival using virtual matrix method for HF ground wave radar

According to the characteristic of the echo of high-frequency ground wave radar(HF GWR), which is one-dimensional narrow band signal, a virtual direction of arrival(DOA) matrix is constructed at first, then the DOA of target evaluation is achieved by the method of resolving equations for two-dimensional DOA matrix. And this method bases on the redundancy information of a linear two-row array of antennae. Both the simulation process and the treatment results of measured data (in the case of low SNR echoes and short data series) are given at the end of this paper. By comparing with GPS data of the targets, the validity and practical applicability of the method in this paper is verified.

Modification of polarization filtering technique in HF ground wave radar

The polarization filter using three orthogonal linear polarization antennas can suppress more disturbances than the polarization filter using two orthogonal linear polarization antennas in HF ground wave radar. But the algorithm of the threedimension filter is relatively complicated and not suitable for real-time processing. It can't use linear and nonlinear polarization vector translation technique directly. A modified polarization filter which is simple and has same suppressing ability as the three-dimension polarization filter is given. It only has half parameters of the primary one. Some problems about estimation of polarization parameters and selection of disturbances are discussed. A method of holding the phase of radar backscatter signal constantly is put forward so that unstationary disturbance signal can be processed.

Ionospheric effect of HF surface wave over‐the‐horizon radar

The use of HF surface wave radar as an effective method for inspecting the environment of the ocean in the beyond‐the‐horizon area has been developing in recent years. However, because the radiating beam of the transmitting antenna is of a certain width and its electromagnetic radiating power propagates not only along the sea surface but also to the upper space, as a result, after interacting with the ionosphere or a scattering object on its path, the backscattered signal then returns to the radar along the radiative path. Thus, if we analyze the echo signal received by the radar, we can obtain some information about the ionosphere. This paper presents a method of sensing the ionosphere using HF ground wave radar, which can give information about the altitude of the ionosphere, Doppler, meteor showers, etc.

Measuring Surface Wind Direction by Monostatic HF Ground-Wave Radar at the Eastern China Sea

The extraction of full wind vectors from data obtained by single-site (monostatic) high-frequency ground-wave radar (HFGWR) is an ongoing challenge because of the inherent directional ambiguities. Here, a new algorithm for resolving the ambiguity of wind direction from monostatic data is presented. The true wind direction is determined by minimizing the sum of the difference among three wind directions derived from three different radar look angles. The wind directions estimated by applying the algorithm to data obtained from the OSMAR2000 HFGWR situated at the Eastern China Sea are compared with values obtained from ship-borne instrumentation. The mean difference between the ground-truthed values and those obtained from the radar data is approximately 20/spl deg/. The distance limit for wind direction sensing using the OSMAR2000 is about 200 km, which is the range for which signal-to-noise ratios typically exceed about 23 dB in the relevant first-order portions of the backscatter spectra.

Synchro controller of radar on FPGA

This paper mainly represents the realization of synchro controller based on the programmable logic devices FPGA by request of HF ground wave radar synchro controller under the instance of making the best of the virtues of FPGA. This design introduces the data communication between PC and synchro controller byI2C Bus, which can carry the synchronous signals’ parameters to RAM of synchro controller, then according to the theory that the result of comparing counter value with signals’ parameters is the needed wave, we produce all waves HF ground wave radar needs, moreover all waves are produced time-sharing in order to save resources.

Waveform analysis for HF ground wave radar

According to general radar designing principles, this paper discusses the concepts and processing techniques concerning the radar waveform analysis. For the need in developing HF ground wave system, as requested by a key oceanic project in the national 863 plans, basic theories and parameter design techniques on Frequency Modulated Interrupted Continuous Wave (FMICW) have been studied. This study serves as the waveform design basis for the HF ground wave radar OSMAR2000.

Evaluation of HF ground-wave radar on the east coast of Canada

HF ground-wave radar runs of roughly ten days duration were carded out in two tidally dominated regions off the Canadian East Coast in conjunction with oceanographic experiments. The surface current deduced from the HF radar observations are here compared with Eulerian velocities from various moored current meters and Lagrangian velocities derived from surface drifters. The agreement with the current meters is generally better than 0.05 m/s. Real current shear in the top 15 m of the water column of up to 0.1 m/s, lasting for up to 12 h, was observed on several occasions, coincident with wind reversals. The agreement between moored instruments and shallow-draft rectangular drifters was good, and with deeper draft cylindrical drifters it was excellent.