Heterogeneous System Environment Research Articles

A Survey on Machine Learning for Geo-Distributed Cloud Data Center Management

Cloud workloads today are typically managed in a distributed environment and processed across geographically distributed data centers. Cloud service providers have been distributing data centers globally to reduce operating costs while also improving quality of service by using intelligent workload and resource management strategies. Such large scale and complex orchestration of software workload and hardware resources remains a difficult problem to solve efficiently. Researchers and practitioners have been trying to address this problem by proposing a variety of cloud management techniques. Mathematical optimization techniques have historically been used to address cloud management issues. But these techniques are difficult to scale to geo-distributed problem sizes and have limited applicability in dynamic heterogeneous system environments, forcing cloud service providers to explore intelligent data-driven and Machine Learning (ML) based alternatives. The characterization, prediction, control, and optimization of complex, heterogeneous, and ever-changing distributed cloud resources and workloads employing ML methodologies have received much attention in recent years. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art ML techniques for the cloud data center management problem. We examine the challenges and the issues in current research focused on ML for cloud management and explore strategies for addressing these issues. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of ML techniques presented in the recent literature and make recommendations for future research directions.

Low Power Scheduling Approach for Heterogeneous System Based on Heuristic and Greedy Method.

Big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence technologies supported by heterogeneous systems are constantly changing our life and cognition of the world. At the same time, its energy consumption affects the operation cost and system reliability, and this attracts the attention of architecture designers and researchers. In order to solve the problem of energy in heterogeneous system environment, inspired by the results of 0-1 programming, a scheduling method of heuristic and greedy energy saving (HGES) approach is proposed to allocate tasks reasonably to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Firstly, all tasks are assigned to each GPU in the system, and then the tasks are divided into high-value tasks and low-value tasks by the calculated average time value and variance value of all tasks. By using the greedy method, the high-value tasks are assigned first, and then the low-value tasks are allocated. In order to verify the effectiveness and rationality of HGES, different tasks with different inputs and different comparison methods are designed and tested. The experimental results on different platforms show that the HGES has better energy saving than that of existing method and can get result faster than that of the 0-1 programming.

A Predictive Priority-Based Dynamic Resource Provisioning Scheme With Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cloud Computing

In cloud computing, resource provisioning is a key challenging task due to dynamic resource provisioning for the applications. As per the workload requirements of the application’s resources should be dynamically allocated for the application. Disparities in resource provisioning produce energy, cost wastages, and additionally, it affects Quality of Service (QoS) and increases Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. So, applications allocated resources quantity should match with the applications required resources quantity. Load balancing in cloud computing can be addressed through optimal scheduling techniques, whereas this solution belongs to the NP-Complete optimization problem category. However, the cloud providers always face resource management issues for variable cloud workloads in the heterogeneous system environment. This issue has been solved by the proposed Predictive Priority-based Modified Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (PMHEFT) algorithm, which can estimate the application’s upcoming resource demands. This research contributes towards developing the prediction-based model for efficient and dynamic resource provisioning in a heterogamous system environment to fulfill the end user’s requirements. Existing algorithms fail to meet the user’s Quality of Service (QoS) requirements such as makespan minimization and budget constraints satisfaction, or to incorporate cloud computing principles, i.e., elasticity and heterogeneity of computing resources. In this paper, we proposed a PMHEFT algorithm to minimize the makespan of a given workflow application by improving the load balancing across all the virtual machines. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm’s makespan, efficiency, and power consumption are better than other algorithms.

Creation of DABCO‐Based Amphoteric Ionic Liquid Supported TiO2 Nanoparticles: Execution of Amplified Catalytic Properties on Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles

AbstractThis is the first report of DABCO based amphoteric ionic liquid supported TiO2 nanoparticles, a supported catalyst with an ionic liquid layer (SCILL). It is highly efficient, recyclable, quasi heterogeneous catalyst for microwave assisted solvent free synthesis. Highly polar DABCO based ionic liquid with high dielectric constant of titanium dioxide nanoparticles enables the system as efficient microwave irradiation absorber. Amplified catalytic properties of this new combined green catalytic system have been first time implemented for the chromatography‐free synthesis of highly functionalised pyrrole moieties under microwave assisted solvent‐free conditions. The generation of catalyst and ionic liquid capping over titanium dioxide nanoparticles were characterised via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Powder X‐Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Energy Dispersive Analysis X‐ray (EDAX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR spectra). This combined quasi heterogeneous twin catalytic system, containing both acidic and basic environment afford the desired products in excellent yields within short reaction time. Here, the catalytic effect featuring the synergetic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and amphoteric DABCO based ionic liquid were magnificently tethered.

Services Modeling based on SOA and BPM for Information System Flexibility Improvement

The lack of identify services mechanism which is related to the development of information systems could be impact in wasting time, over budget and can not adapt to the changing environment. This phenomenon is happened by the belief that lack of capturing user requirement. This is due to consider the business environment is always running normally. In fact, the development of the system needs a way to anticipate the business environment that unpredictable changes.Therefore, the phenomenon on the need for modeling services can able to respond to the changing needs of users still have a chancein this study. It explores modeling services to synergize SOA and BPM.Several previous studies generally use a business driven approach, technical partially driven to develop the service modeling. This leads to the question of how a service should be modeled so that it can be applied in different contexts and business processes also. It is support user needs in diversity and heterogeneous system environments. This Conditions occurs in corporate university. The case studies in this research is a Learning Management System (LMS) in Academic Enterprise System (EAS). The research stages are: (1) Analysis of Synergy in SOA and BPM, (2) Analysis of User Experience in LMS Academic Enterprise System (L-EAS), <br /> (3) Analysis of Modeling Framework, (4) Proposed Framework that aligning SOA and BPM. The result of this study is proposed system framework based on services to increase the flexibility of information systems at LMS Academic Enterprise System (L-EAS).

A Parallel Strategy for Convolutional Neural Network Based on Heterogeneous Cluster for Mobile Information System

With the development of the mobile systems, we gain a lot of benefits and convenience by leveraging mobile devices; at the same time, the information gathered by smartphones, such as location and environment, is also valuable for business to provide more intelligent services for customers. More and more machine learning methods have been used in the field of mobile information systems to study user behavior and classify usage patterns, especially convolutional neural network. With the increasing of model training parameters and data scale, the traditional single machine training method cannot meet the requirements of time complexity in practical application scenarios. The current training framework often uses simple data parallel or model parallel method to speed up the training process, which is why heterogeneous computing resources have not been fully utilized. To solve these problems, our paper proposes a delay synchronization convolutional neural network parallel strategy, which leverages the heterogeneous system. The strategy is based on both synchronous parallel and asynchronous parallel approaches; the model training process can reduce the dependence on the heterogeneous architecture in the premise of ensuring the model convergence, so the convolution neural network framework is more adaptive to different heterogeneous system environments. The experimental results show that the proposed delay synchronization strategy can achieve at least three times the speedup compared to the traditional data parallelism.

Achieving high performance and privacy-preserving query over encrypted multidimensional big metering data

With the proliferation of smart grids, traditional utilities are struggling to handle the increasing amount of metering data. Outsourcing the metering data to heterogeneous distributed systems has the potential to provide efficient data access and processing. In an untrusted heterogeneous distributed system environment, employing data encryption prior to outsourcing can be an effective way to preserve user privacy. However, how to efficiently query encrypted multidimensional metering data stored in an untrusted heterogeneous distributed system environment remains a research challenge. In this paper, we propose a high performance and privacy-preserving query (P2Q) scheme over encrypted multidimensional big metering data to address this challenge. In the proposed scheme, encrypted metering data are stored in the server of an untrusted heterogeneous distributed system environment. A Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) based similarity search approach is then used to realize the similarity query. To demonstrate utility of the proposed LSH-based search approach, we implement a prototype using MapReduce for the Hadoop distributed environment. More specifically, for a given query, the proxy server will return K top similar data object identifiers. An enhanced Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-based Encryption (CP-ABE) policy is then used to control access to the search results. Therefore, only the requester with an authorized query attribute can obtain the correct secret keys to retrieve the metering data. We then prove that the P2Q scheme achieves data confidentiality and preserves the data owner’s privacy in a semi-trusted cloud. In addition, our evaluations demonstrate that the P2Q scheme can significantly reduce response time and provide high search efficiency without compromising on search quality (i.e. suitable for multidimensional big data search in heterogeneous distributed system, such as cloud storage system).

Access Scheme for Controlling Mobile Agents and its Application to Share Medical Information.

This study is showing the advantage of mobile agents to conquer heterogeneous system environments and contribute to a virtual integrated sharing system. Mobile agents will collect medical information from each medical institution as a method to achieve the medical purpose of data sharing. Besides, this research also provides an access control and key management mechanism by adopting Public key cryptography and Lagrange interpolation. The safety analysis of the system is based on a network attacker's perspective. The achievement of this study tries to improve the medical quality, prevent wasting medical resources and make medical resources access to appropriate configuration.

Network Selection in Heterogeneous Wireless System Environments

The next generation wireless systems will consist of heterogeneous networks from cellular, WirelessLocal Area Networks (WLANs), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) to other emerging access technologies and have the capability to offer various services at any time as per user requirements, anywhere with seamless interoperability. The integration of heterogeneous wireless networks poses several challenges. One of the major challenges is vertical handoff. Handoff is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one access point to another in a homogeneous or heterogeneous network. Vertical handoff occurs when a mobile terminal decides to switch between networks of diverse technologies. A key issue during vertical handoff is the selection of an optimal network that maximizes end users satisfaction. This article presents a novel approach for handover decision making in the context of heterogeneous wireless network. The aim of the proposed scheme is the selection of the most suitable radio access network for each application. The performance analysis shows that the proposed approach efficiently uses the network resources by switching between LTE and WLAN to offer best connectivity to the users.It is observed that resource utilization ratio increases to (99%) and the integration of LTE with WLAN using the proposed algorithm reduces the call dropping probability (less than 0.15 for Voice over IP service when switching to LTE network) and call blocking probability (less than 0.24)

Developments of next generation monitor and control systems for radio telescopes

As part of the ongoing upgrade of the GMRT observatory, the monitor and control (M&C) system is being upgraded to a modern specification driven system. The basic building block of the proposed M&C framework is a SACE node which provides command, response and event data streaming interfaces to the child and parent nodes running locally or remotely in a heterogeneous operating system environment. A prototype M&C system formed by hierarchically composing SACE nodes at different levels has been successfully tested at the GMRT. For the recently built 15m antenna at NCRA, a generic, web based M&C system has been developed which allows remote, authenticated operation. We discuss issues relevant to the development of the next generation M&C systems for radio telescopes using the lessons learned from these two systems. We also summarize flexible, reusable and cost-effective approaches using off the shelf packages and technologies used in generic frameworks, which can contribute to form the basis for M&C systems of very large radio telescopes like the SKA.

온톨로지를 이용한 선박 통관 프로세스의 유사성 측정

The demands of complicated data communications have issued a new challenge to port logistics systems. Custo- mers expect ports to handle their generated administrative data while a vessel is docked in a port. One port logistics system, known as the Vessel Clearance Process (VCP), manages large numbers of documents related to port of entry. In the VCP, information flows through many organizations such as the port authority, shipping agents, marine offices, immigration offices, and others. Therefore, for effective management of the Business Process (BP) of the VCP, a standardized method of BP modeling is essential, especially in heterogeneous system environments. In a port, according to port policy, terms and data are sued that are similar to but different from those of other logistics partners, which hinders standardized modeling of the BP. In order to avoid tedious and time-consuming document customization work, more convenient modeling of BP for VCP is essential. This paper proposes an ontology-based process similarity measurement to assist designer for process modeling in port domain, especially VCP. We expect that this methodology will use convenient and quick modeling of port business processes.

A service-oriented integrated information framework for RFID/WSN-based intelligent construction supply chain management

As buildings are now taller, larger, and more complex, it has become increasingly more difficult to secure stockyards for materials and to resolve the surrounding traffic problems, creating an increased need for Just-In-Time (JIT) delivery. To support JIT delivery, it is necessary to build a framework that can facilitate the collection and share of information on construction components and material flow throughout the whole supply chain process. Many researchers have suggested that radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor network technologies could improve the effectiveness and efficiency of JIT management. In addition, service-oriented architecture (SOA), the services of which enable the interfacing of a heterogeneous system environment of parties involved in the supply chain management process, is suggested in the manufacturing industry as one of the solutions for effective collection and sharing of information in supply chain management. However, the construction industry has limits in applying the framework suggested in the manufacturing industry since the supply chain process in the construction industry is extremely dynamic due to frequent changes in the design and plans of construction projects. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a seamlessly integrated information management framework that can provide logistics information to project stakeholders for their decision making. The pilot test of the framework developed in this research showed that it can improve time efficiency by about 32% compared to the traditional supply chain management. The result of this research is expected to be utilized effectively as a basic framework to manage information in RFID/WSN based construction supply chain management (CSCM) environments.

Dynamic service deployment in a distributed heterogeneous cluster based router (DHCR)

This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of an extensible, scalable and distributed heterogeneous cluster based programmable router, called DHCR (Distributed Heterogeneous Cluster based Router), capable of supporting and deploying network services at run time. DHCR is a software IP router relying on heterogeneous cluster composed of separated computers with different hardware and software architecture capabilities, running different operating systems and interconnected through a high speed network connection. The DHCR ensures dynamic deployment of services and distributed control of router components (forwarding and routing elements) over heterogeneous system environments. The DHCR combines the IETF ForCES (Forwarding and Control Element Separation) architecture with software component technologies to meet the requirements of the next generation software routers. To ensure reliable and transparent communication between separated, decentralized and heterogeneous router components, the CORBA based middleware technology is used to support the DHCR internal communication. The paper also explores the use of the CORBA Component Model (CCM) to design and implement a modular, distributed and heterogeneous forwarding path for the DHCR router architecture. The CCM based forwarding plane ensures dynamic reconfiguration of the data path topology needed for low-level service deployment. Results on achievable performance using the proposed DHCR router are reported.

Resource description in a heterogeneous system environment

Resource description in a heterogeneous system environment

Resource description in a heterogeneous system environment

The author describes the challenges libraries face in implementing digital object management systems (DOMS) and information retrieval portals alongside the traditional integrated library systems (ILS). In particular, resource description policies, rules, and formats will be affected by the new applications of these systems. Multiple metadata formats will coexist and will be based on diverse—or nonexistent—rules. Achieving sufficient semantic interoperability between these applications is a demanding task. In the future, just as we are now sharing bibliographic information, libraries will also want to share the new kinds of metadata used in portals as well as the mappings that make one type of metadata interoperable with another.

Performance test and analysis for an adaptive load balancing mechanism on distributed server cluster systems

As the next generation of Internet services requires more highly scalable and available server systems, the cost-effective cluster of a large number of distributed computers becomes a popular solution. In this paper, we investigate to design and develop a server load balancing mechanism on cluster architecture, called the ALBM cluster. In order to construct the more scalable and reliable Internet service system, the ALBM cluster system consists of independent but co-operable components. The ALBM cluster system supports adaptive load balancing among servers via its adaptive load balancer (ALB) component in Layer 4 level and Layer 7 level. The Management Station (M-Station) and the Administrator Console are in charge of cluster management, system configuration management, and performance counter management. The Node Service is a system-level agent that is deployed into a server node. The node management and cluster management are the major tasks of the agent. Beside, the ALBM cluster is a flexible open system whose features of functionality can change or be easily expanded without affecting the rest of the system. In this paper, we also present a set of our experimental results to compare the performance of the ALBM cluster with that of LVS scheduling cluster system. We compare performance results of the ALBM with RR, LC, and WLC scheduling algorithms of a LVS cluster in both of homogeneous and heterogeneous system environments.

순수 P2P 환경을 위한 이동 에이전트 기반 자원 검색 기법

Recently the rapid growth of Internet and the construction of high speed networks make many kinds of multimedia services possible. But most of current multimedia services are designed being by client/server model, which incurs high load of central server. In order to solve this problem, we propose a peer-to-peer network-based discovery mechanism for multimedia services. In the proposed scheme, mobile agents that have autonomy and mobility are used to search the location of resources. Use of mobile agents can solve the loss problem of the search result that occurs when the network is unsettled in pure peer-to-peer network. It also supports interoperability in heterogeneous system environments. In the proposed scheme, each host maintains the location information of resources which are locally requested or recently requested by other hosts. So, the proposed scheme has faster response time than the pre-existing mechanisms in pure peer-to-peer network environments.

The dawning of the autonomic computing era

This special issue of the IBM Systems Journal explores a broad set of ideas and approaches to autonomic computing—some first steps in what we see as a journey to create more self-managing computing systems. Autonomic computing represents a collection and integration of technologies that enable the creation of an information technology computing infrastructure for IBM's agenda for the next era of computing—e-business on demand. This paper presents an overview of IBM's autonomic computing initiative. It examines the genesis of autonomic computing, the industry and marketplace drivers, the fundamental characteristics of autonomic systems, a framework for how systems will evolve to become more self-managing, and the key role for open industry standards needed to support autonomic behavior in heterogeneous system environments. Technologies explored in each of the papers presented in this issue are introduced for the reader.

Integration von Daten, Anwendungen und Prozessen am Beispiel des Telekommunikationsunternehmens EWE TEL

The necessary specialisation in information processing in the telecommunication sector led to a wide range of software systems in the relevant software market. This can be traced back by the fact that there is a lack of capable and integrated solutions. If a telecommunication company comes to the decision to use specialised software systems, it has to face the sophisticated challenge of systems integration. This can be done at least at the levels of data, applications and processes. Illustrated by examples from the heterogeneous system environment at the telecommunication company EWE TEL, concepts for system integration and gained experiences are presented in this article. The following aspects are discussed in detail: integration of data by means of middleware, integration of applications using application server technology, and integration of processes by employing workflow management systems.

ExpansionTool: Concept-Based Query Expansion and Construction

We develop a deductive data model for concept-based query expansion. It is based on three abstraction levels: the conceptual, linguistic and string levels. Concepts and relationships among them are represented at the conceptual level. The linguistic level gives natural language expressions for concepts. Each expression has one or more matching patterns at the string level. The models specify the matching of the expression in database indices built in varying ways. The data model supports a declarative concept-based query expansion and formulation tool, the ExpansionTool, for heterogeneous IR system environments. Conceptual expansion is implemented by a novel intelligent operator for traversing transitive relationships among cyclic concept networks. The number of expansion links followed, their types, and weights can be used to control expansion. A sample empirical experiment illustrating the use of the ExpansionTool in IR experiments is presented.