Heterogeneity Of Turnover Research Articles

Looking Back and Moving Forward: COVID-19’s Impact on the Teacher Labor Market and Implications for the Future

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic teachers reported high levels of stress and burnout, raising concerns about a potential increase in teacher turnover and future teacher shortages. We use administrative data from the 2018 to 2019 through 2022 to 2023 school years to examine how the pandemic affected teacher turnover in Arkansas. We find relatively stable turnover entering the 2020 to 2021 and 2021 to 2022 school years but an increase of 5 percentage points (20%) over pre-pandemic levels entering the 2022 to 2023 school year, representing both higher rates of transitions out of the education sector but also more likely movements to other positions outside regular teaching within the education sector. Importantly, we also find significant heterogeneity in turnover by teacher and school characteristics suggesting a decline in aggregate teacher quality, diversity, and experience. These results suggest potential lasting effects on the composition and quality of the teacher labor force.

Inside the Black Box: Uncovering Dynamics and Characteristics of the Chilean Central Government Bureaucracy with a Novel Dataset

ABSTRACT This article examines bureaucracies using a novel dataset of Chilean central government employees from 2006 to 2020. Unlike perception-based sources, this dataset provides objective, disaggregated, and longitudinal insights into bureaucrats’ characteristics and careers. The authors validate it against official employment statistics and conduct an exploratory and descriptive analysis, presenting six descriptive findings about the Chilean bureaucracy that cannot be discovered using available aggregate data. The analysis reveals significant degrees of personnel stability and professionalization in the civil service, but with considerable rigidity in careers and substantial interagency heterogeneity in turnover, wages, and exposure to political cycles. These findings suggest that the Chilean national bureaucracy is mostly well developed along Weberian lines, though not uniformly so. These measurements also serve as a benchmark for comparing other Latin American bureaucracies in the future.

How Do We Explore Heterogeneity in Turnover of Musculoskeletal Proteins?

How Do We Explore Heterogeneity in Turnover of Musculoskeletal Proteins?

Heterogeneity in turnover: The effect of relative compensation dispersion of firms on the mobility and entrepreneurship of extreme performers

AbstractWe explore the strategic implications of firm compensation dispersion on the heterogeneous turnover outcomes of employee mobility and entrepreneurship. We theorize that individuals' turnover decisions are affected by the interaction of individual performance with the firm's compensation dispersion relative to its competitors. We test our theory using linked employer‐employee data from the legal services industry. We find that individuals with extreme high performance are less likely to leave firms that offer higher compensation dispersion than competitors, however, if they do leave these employers, they are more likely to create new ventures. In contrast, employees with extreme low performance are more likely to leave firms with more compensation dispersion than competitors, and these individuals are less likely to engage in new venture creation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Turnover of lipid components in liver microsomes, mitochondria and plasma membrane of 6-, 12- and 24-month old rats

The turnover of lipid was examined in the livers of 6-, 12- and 24-month old rats. Heterogeneity of turnover was noted for each membrane fraction. The lipid turnover rate was highest in 12-month old rats and was the same in 6- and 24-month old rats. The higher rate of lipid turover at 12 months was observed in both the neutral and polar lipid components of the liver membranes. In the polar lipid fractions isolated from the microsomal and mitochondrial membranes the increase in lipid turnover rate at 12 months was related to increase in the turnover of phosphatidylethanolamine.

Metabolic instability of myelin protein and proteolipid fractions.

Turnover of protein components of myelin in vivo was shown to be comparable to that of other brain proteins. Myelin was purified, to remove soluble contamination, by water shock (fraction M2) and centrifugation on sucrose and CsCl gradients. These methods gave two fractions, one of which consisted of characteristic myelin membranes free of visible contamination (M3), and the second consisted of fragmented membranes and vesicles (M4).Incorporation following intracisternal injection of [14C]lysine occurred at later time periods in myelin compared to mitochondria, probably as a result of different rates for penetration of precursor. The half‐lives for the different categories of protein and proteolipid components prepared by Triton X‐100 acetate procedures were markedly heterogeneous. In myelin, the highest incorporation occurred in the soluble basic proteins with half‐lives of 14‐21 days (fraction III), followed by the interface (Folch‐Lees, fraction II) material with half‐lives of 12–24 days, and the insoluble proteins (Wolfgram, fraction III) with half‐lives of 28–32 days. The half‐lives varied with the pulse period used (15–360 min) and give evidence of both short‐lived and long‐lived proteins. Heterogeneity of turnover was supported by the complex disc‐gel patterns found with electrophoresis on acrylamide using a phenol‐urea solvent system for solubilization. In comparable mitochondrial fractions, incorporation was highest in the interface material (half‐life 6–4 days), followed by insoluble proteins (half‐life 3–6 days), and lowest in the soluble (brain) fraction (half‐life 6–26 days).Considerable hydrolase activity was observed in crude fractions and in hypotonic myelin fractions, particularly acid and neutral proteinases, aminopeptidase, and monoacyl and dipeptidyl arylamidases. It appears that hydrolases associated with the sheath could be involved in turnover, but in most cases are not associated with the highly purified membranes prepared in sucrose and CsCl gradients. Purification resulted in an increased specific activity of an aminopeptidase hydrolysing Leu‐Gly‐Gly as the substrate, and of ribonucleoside‐2′ : 3′‐cyclic‐phosphate esterase. It is concluded that these two hydrolases are intrinsic components of the myelin sheath membranes.

Heterogeneity in turnover of triglycerides in serum lipoproteins of the dog.

Heterogeneity in turnover of triglycerides in serum lipoproteins of the dog.