BACKGROUND AND AIM: There is limited evidence on effects of ground-level ozone exposure on urinary system disease (USD). The aim of this study is to assess the association between short-term exposure to ground-level ambient ozone and risk of USD morbidity in Beijing, China. METHODS: We obtained data on daily average ozone concentrations from 35 fixed monitoring stations, and data on hospital admissions through the emergency room from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Beijing during 2013-2018. USD cases were extracted based on the primary diagnosis ICD-10 code (N00-N39). We estimated district-specific associations between ozone and daily counts of USD admissions on weekdays, using generalized linear models with a quasi-Poisson distribution and controlling for temperature and relative humidity in the model; and then pooled the district-specific estimates using random-effect meta-analysis. Lagged and cumulative effects were evaluated. Effect modification by season and confounding effects from co-pollutants (i.e., PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO) were assessed. RESULTS:We included 41,203 weekday USD admissions. An interquartile range increase of daily ozone exposure at lag 0 day was associated with 4.1% (95% confidence interval: 1.3%-6.9%) higher risk of USD admissions during the warm season (April to September), and was not associated with USD admission risk during the cool season (October to March), with no significant heterogeneity across districts. The heterogeneity of risk estimates between the warm and cool seasons was significant (I2=83%, Q=5.9, p-value=0.015). No lagged or cumulative associations were found. The association of warm-season ozone with risk of USD admissions was robust to adjustment for co-pollutants. CONCLUSIONS:Short-term exposure to higher ozone pollution is a risk factor for USD in Beijing during the warm season. This finding suggests that USD is a potential adverse health outcome of short-term ozone exposure. KEYWORDS: Ozone, short-term exposure, urinary system disease