Hermeneutic Design Research Articles

Economic factors influencing the empowerment of Peruvian women

Objective To determine whether economic factors are crucial in empowering women, guiding them towards growth and development opportunities, achieving empowerment, and contributing to two sustainable development goals of the 2030 development agenda: ending poverty and achieving gender equality. Methodology The research was foundational, with a phenomenological and hermeneutic design. The applied technique was in-depth interviews with 12 women who had started a business within the last five years in a region of Peru. Results It is evident that economic factors are decisive in business experiences and decisions, highlighting the necessity of having contingency funds to prevent operational impacts. Through entrepreneurship, women achieved economic independence, enabling them to support their families and impacting their empowerment. It concludes that to promote economic opportunity equality, addressing financing needs, encouraging economic independence, strengthening family empowerment, improving customer management, and facilitating access to government funds are essential. Conclusions The narrative of the participants provides a solid foundation for designing specific policies and support programs that boost the economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs and encourage their active participation in the business sphere.

Symposium 3: Re-presencing the digital trace in networked learning design

Recent work in and on networked learning outlines the value in taking a relational view of complex assemblages of people and things such that, for example, non-human entities can be both/either learner and/or teacher. The sociomaterialist perspective brings questions of how power remains continuous yet transformed when the social reach of digital technology is accelerating towards a “tipping point” (Schwab & Malleret 2020). This paper will continue the Freirean work of e-quality set out by networked learning’s founders through a transdisciplinary pattern-design learning approach capable of reflexively tracing macro-level technological, scientific, and social constructs and micro-level experience. This will be elaborated through phenomenological hermeneutic design imitative of how we generate or are traced and influenced by digital traces, seeking to ‘re-presence’ (cf. van Loon in Johnson 2020) the digital trace as it plays out across extended systems while making care-ful use of the digital tool. Theory will draw on Ricoeur’s work on the trace and Stiegler’s concept of the recorded mark. Models of how to re-presence and leave further traces in technology enhanced networked learning design will draw on emergent co-creative knowledge networks also employing care-fully chosen digital tools, including Stiegler’s hermeneutic web, community wikis, and digital gardens with the goal to augment that which is “valued in the rest of life” (Goodyear & Retalis 2010).

A Gawp into Exploring Participatory Action Research in conjunction with Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Students' Ability to Solve word Linear Programming Problems in Zambia: A Hermeneutic Approach

The study used a hermeneutic design and had a qualitative nature. The data was then subjected to a thematic analysis. The goal was to improve and elevate Zambian students' aptitude for solving linear programming problems. If all activities involved are monitored, students' ability to solve linear programming problems can be improved through the exploration of participatory action research and reciprocal teaching. The use of the approach can have an impact on how well students succeed when working together to solve linear programming word problems. In class, teachers observed their pupils at work, but during their combined sessions, they discuss the issues they were having as well as any misunderstandings that periodically surfaced. The findings showed that when students collaborate, their performance on linear programming assignments can increase dramatically. The benefits of cooperation are illustrated by the teacher reflections' participatory action research. According to the study, participatory action research is a useful teaching approach in educational contexts. The study found that using reciprocal teaching in secondary schools can increase students' proficiency with solving linear programming problems, which will improve student performance and lessen the workload for both teachers and students.

Nurses' experiences of the family's role in end-of-life care.

Family units can be deeply affected and require nurses' attention and care when their loved ones reach the end-of-life stage. However, the role of the family in end-of-life nursing is under-researched in a tertiary hospital setting. This study aims to explore and describe nurses' lived experiences of the family's role in end-of-life care at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape. The study took place in a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape. A qualitative hermeneutic design with a phenomenological approach was used. Ten professional nurses were interviewed in person, and two focus groups comprised enrolled and auxiliary nurses (11) with a minimum of 6 months of experience in end-of-life care. Data analysis was conducted by categorising qualitative information into codes and themes, following Creswell's outlined methodology. Three themes emerged: emotional challenges associated with families of end-of-life patients, strategies that assist families and impediments to providing care. Participants experienced challenges managing strong emotions expressed by families and their own, but provided care regardless. Strategies that have been found to be helpful to families include communication, access, and involving them in patient care. Participants experienced the need for emotional support and specialised end-of-life training. Participants strive to provide understanding and support to families despite challenges, but emotional and end-of-life training resources are required to equip nurses to address patients' and families' needs competently. This study adds the nurses' experience and understanding of the family's role in providing end-of-life care in a tertiary hospital.

Parents’ Shared Experiences of Separation From Their Newborns After Birth in Denmark

ObjectiveTo explore parents’ shared experiences of separation from their newborns after birth in Denmark. DesignPhenomenological hermeneutic design. SettingA NICU in the Capital Region of Denmark. ParticipantsFour sets of parents (N = 8) with prematurely born neonates who were admitted to the NICU. MethodsWe used dyadic interviews for data collection. We applied a phenomenological hermeneutic approach inspired by Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation to analyze the data. ResultsTwo overarching themes emerged that reflected two distinct temporal phases of separation. Initial separation caused an experience of becoming parents at different paces. Separation based on care needs (i.e., the NICU vs. maternity unit) left parents at the juncture between separation and closeness. ConclusionSeparation from their newborns complicated parents’ transitions into parenthood. Their sense of unity was undermined when different units assumed responsibility for the mother and newborn. This challenged family-centered care. Our findings indicate the need to minimize separation through initiatives such as zero separation and couplet care.

Art Teaching: Inclusive Factor and Attention to Diversity

<p style="text-align: justify;">The current research aims to analyze art teaching as an inclusive factor and pays attention to diversity in excluded populations to meet the needs of students in the pandemic context. In regard to methodology, we used the naturalistic paradigm, a qualitative approach, and an inductive method with a phenomenological and hermeneutical design. The data collection techniques we used were semi-structured interviews with teachers of the Regular Basic Education in Peru. The findings show that through the mediation of diverse artistic languages and the implementation of different didactic strategies, it is possible to achieve an interaction free from exclusion barriers, driven by good teaching practices that enable the inclusion and attention to the diversity of students, providing them with opportunities to develop capacities and skills to establish better coexistence. We concluded that art education comprises a lasting learning process that guarantees a healthy environment for peaceful coexistence, which today, inclusive teachers, parents, and students should keep in mind.</p>

Patients' and Family Members' Experiences of a Novel Nurse-Led Intervention Using Family Conversations Targeting Families Afflicted by Chronic Non-Cancer Pain.

To explore patients' and family members' experiences of participating in an intervention using nurse-led family nursing conversations (NLFCs) targeting families affected by chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP), including the perceived impact of the intervention on the individual and the family. CNCP substantially impacts patients and families. Due to a lack of simple treatment solutions, the condition needs to be managed rather than cured. Family involvement seems a promising tool, but research evaluating specific approaches is limited. Interventions based on the family systems nursing framework by Wright and Leahey have been helpful in other populations. Nonetheless, the approach warrants further investigation and evaluation in patients with CNCP. A phenomenological hermeneutical design was applied, and individual interviews were conducted with ten patients and ten family members who received the intervention. The analysis was inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy of text interpretation. Three themes emerged during the analysis. "Taking part in the intervention while being affected by previous experiences" showed that patients and family members were affected by different experiences and burdens and therefore entered the intervention with varied starting points. "Being empowered through validation and understanding" showed that participants mainly viewed the intervention as beneficial, increasing patients' and family members' mutual understanding and underpinning acceptance of the chronic pain condition. "Being receptive to the intervention - mechanisms contributing to achieving benefit" identified contributing mechanisms influencing patients' and family members' experiences of the intervention. These mechanisms included confidence in the nurses' facilitation of the intervention, the timing of the intervention, the participant's level of acceptance, and readiness to engage in the intervention. The intervention was mainly experienced as helpful. Thus, healthcare settings treating CNCP should consider implementing NLFC in clinical practice with adjustments to meet the vulnerability of the CNCP population.

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Purpose: The governments that most influence the direction of the world economy have been inconsistent in their interventions related to financing, sending contradictory signals to developing economies. Theoretical framework: Through the present study, we sought to explore the social phenomenon of reliability in the creation, destruction and mobilization of debts and savings in the MSEs of the Surco district, for this purpose, The world economy has gone through a series of events that have had a significant impact on the financial stability of many nations. Although companies were able to prevent productive activities from falling into a significant contraction, it is important to keep in mind that today's society is going through episodes of high volatility marked by a high degree of liquidity and insolvency problems among its participants (Altamirano et al., 2020). Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative approach of phenomenological - hermeneutic design, managers, assistant managers and business advisors of financial services companies in the district were interviewed. Technique is the interview follows a predetermined pattern, the arrangement of their questions and answers allows effective data collection and presentation of results. The information will be processed with Atlas.Ti. a professional software for qualitative data analysis. Findings: The study evidences the reasoning and sensitivity of the interviewees, concluding that, reliability allows reducing the time and money invested in supervising and following up in order to meet and enforce debt and savings commitments. Research, Practical & Social implications: There is a degree of sensitivity with respect to the financial information provided by MSEs in order to qualify for an operation, which is why it is necessary to cross-check such information and compare data with other entities. Originality/value: It was justified by the need to "know" the phenomenon of managers' confidence in the debts and savings of Peruvian MSEs, which, despite multiple crises, continue to contribute to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provide employment opportunities.

Reliability in the Creation, Destruction and Mobilization of Debts and Savings

Purpose: The governments that most influence the direction of the world economy have been inconsistent in their interventions related to financing, sending contradictory signals to developing economies.
 
 Theoretical framework: Through the present study, we sought to explore the social phenomenon of reliability in the creation, destruction and mobilization of debts and savings in the MSEs of the Surco district, for this purpose, The world economy has gone through a series of events that have had a significant impact on the financial stability of many nations. Although companies were able to prevent productive activities from falling into a significant contraction, it is important to keep in mind that today's society is going through episodes of high volatility marked by a high degree of liquidity and insolvency problems among its participants (Altamirano et al., 2020).
 
 Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative approach of phenomenological - hermeneutic design, managers, assistant managers and business advisors of financial services companies in the district were interviewed. Technique is the interview follows a predetermined pattern, the arrangement of their questions and answers allows effective data collection and presentation of results. The information will be processed with Atlas.Ti. a professional software for qualitative data analysis.
 
 Findings: The study evidences the reasoning and sensitivity of the interviewees, concluding that, reliability allows reducing the time and money invested in supervising and following up in order to meet and enforce debt and savings commitments.
 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: There is a degree of sensitivity with respect to the financial information provided by MSEs in order to qualify for an operation, which is why it is necessary to cross-check such information and compare data with other entities.
 
 Originality/value: It was justified by the need to "know" the phenomenon of managers' confidence in the debts and savings of Peruvian MSEs, which, despite multiple crises, continue to contribute to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provide employment opportunities.

Striving for moments of easier breathing despite being trapped in breathlessness: meanings of feeling well for women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage III or IV

ABSTRACT Background Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage III or IV means living an everyday life, severely restricted by breathlessness. Aim The aim of this study was to elucidate meanings of feeling well for women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage III or IV. Method The study has used a phenomenological hermeneutical design. Individual narrative interviews were conducted with 14 women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stages III or IV. Results The results revealed one theme: striving for moments of easier breathing despite being trapped in breathlessness with four subthemes: acting in rhythm with breathing, taking care of oneself, taking advantage of better moments, and being in togetherness in everyday life. Conclusion This study shows that women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stages III or IV strived for moments of feeling well despite living with a severe illness. Feeling well meant that when connected to nature, they felt alive, free, and less trapped in breathlessness, which provided a sense of being unconscious of their breathing rhythm. They could do what healthy people tend to take for granted during everyday life. To feel well, the women found it important to receive tailored support from their close relatives.

Gynecological Cancer Survivors' Experiences and Desire for Follow-up After Recent Treatment: A Phenomenological Hermeneutic Study.

Gynecological cancer survivors experience a variety of challenges after discharge from hospital treatment. Cancer support and rehabilitation are recognized as significant facilitators for quality of life in survivorship but are reported to be insufficient by gynecological cancer survivors. To describe the lived experiences of gynecological cancer survivors and how their needs for follow-up should be met following recently completed treatment. This study used a phenomenological hermeneutic design with individual in-depth interviews with 20 women after recently completed cancer treatment. Transcribed interviews were analyzed with the Lindseth and Norberg phenomenological hermeneutic method. Four themes were identified: "a brutal transition to life after cancer," "fear of recurrence overshadowing the existence," "a need for professional support," and "information is not given unless asked for." After completing gynecological cancer treatment, the fear of cancer recurrence is dominating, regardless of prognosis and diagnosis. At the same time, information and support from healthcare professionals are described as lacking. Participants expressed a need to be contacted directly as a formal routine by healthcare professionals after cancer treatment with cancer-specific information as this may alleviate the existential suffering that the cancer experience brings. A person-centered, systematic follow-up rehabilitation is needed as a continuation of the care provided during cancer treatment. Future research is needed to explore the impact on women's quality of life when gynecologic-specific information is given in advance of hospital discharge after completing treatment.

Standing alone on the frontline. The meaning of being a nurse in the archipelago-A phenomenological hermeneutical study.

The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of being a nurse in the archipelago. A phenomenological hermeneutical design was applied, as there is a need to understand the lifeworld and the meaning of being a nurse in the archipelago. Approval was granted by the Regional Ethical Committee and local management team. All participants provided consent to participate. Individual interviews were conducted with 11 nurses (Registered Nurses or primary health nurses). The interviews were transcribed, and the text was analysed by means of phenomenological hermeneutical method. The analyses ended in one main theme: Standing alone on the frontline, and three themes: 1. Combating sea, weather and the clock with the sub-themes: Fighting to give care to patients despite harsh conditions and Fighting against time; 2. Standing firm but wavering with the sub-themes: Embracing the unexpected and Calling out for support; and 3. Being a lifeline throughout the entire lifespan with the sub-themes: Having responsibility for the islanders and Having an intertwined private and work life. The interviews may be considered few, but the textual data were rich and assessed suitable for the analysis. The text may be interpreted differently, but we deemed our interpretation as more probable than others. Being a nurse in the archipelago means standing alone on the frontline. Nurses, other health professionals and managers need knowledge and insight about working alone and the moral responsibilities thereof. There is a need to support the nurses in their lonely work. Traditional means of consultations and support could preferably be supplemented by modern digital technology.

ANALYSIS OF THE DISCOURSES THAT CONSTRUCTED THE IMAGINARY OF THE SUBJECTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE COLOMBIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM: A PROPOSAL TO RECONFIGURE THE ACTIONS OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Power devices can institute and determine the types of subjects and prescribe the functionality they must have for economic, political and religious purposes. Therefore, this research aimed to explain the discourses that built the imaginary around the subjectivity of teachers and students in the history of the Colombian educational system to reconfigure their pedagogical actions. In this sense, a qualitative inquiry with a hermeneutic design was chosen. Among the main results of the research, it is highlighted that since the genesis of the Colombian educational system, pedagogy has been used to legitimize the instrumentalization of the work of teachers and used instruction to control the subjectivity and the body of students.

Leader-member exchanges with leaders who have worked for 25 years in health institutions.

The aim is to investigate long-term leader experiences with leader- member exchanges (LMX) over 25 years. Leader-member exchanges focus on relational power and communication exchanges between leaders and employees when they communicate with each other or perform an action. This qualitative study is characterized by a phenomenological hermeneutical design and is based on the informants' interpretation and construction of meaning. A qualitative study with eight interviews with supreme nurse leaders from the Norwegian and Finnish health care services. The data analysis and interpretation show that relationships are built through trust, dialogue and confirmation and are affected by other contextual aspects such as the organizational size or workload and human factors such as safety, angst, and self-esteem. The informants fight for their subordinates. Interprofessional management and obtaining good relations with the doctors was challenging. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Servicewomen's experiences of managing pelvic health in occupational settings.

Despite increasing numbers of women serving in defence forces worldwide, little is currently known about how servicewomen manage their pelvic health in the traditionally male environment of the military. The aim of this study was to explore the impacts of pelvic health issues on Australian Defence Force servicewomen and their experiences of managing their pelvic health in occupational settings. A qualitative hermeneutic design. Telephone interviews were conducted on six currently serving female members of the Australian Defence Force located Australia-wide. A semi-structured interview guide, based on the study objectives, was used to guide the audio-recorded interviews. Data were analysed thematically. Nine themes were identified. The first six themes explored the experiences of servicewomen in maintaining their pelvic health, including suppressing the urge to go, adjusting hydration depending on toilet access, managing menstruation, regaining 'full' fitness postpartum, awareness and prevention of pelvic health conditions, and inhibiting conversations about women's health. The last three themes explored how servicewomen coped with pelvic health conditions, including self-managing symptoms, diagnosing and treating pelvic conditions, and support for servicewomen's pelvic health. This study suggests workplace culture, low levels of insight into pelvic health norms, and limited healthcare strategies within the Australian Defence Force to support female pelvic health have contributed to servicewomen self-managing pelvic health issues using approaches that may have had significant impacts on their health and well-being.

Factors and Economic Growth of Peruvian Mypes

Purpose: Describe the factors that promoted the economic growth of MSEs in the city of Iquitos in the year 2021.
 Theoretical framework: The world we know has many shortcomings, schools, hospitals, infrastructure necessary to provide essential services to the entire population, and that economic activities, production, transportation, etc., allow and contribute to the presence of upstream supply of goods and services that people require for their livelihood (Aguilar Zuluaga, 2016).
 Methodology: For the development of this study, the qualitative approach of phenomenological - hermeneutic design was used, the informants were entrepreneurs, microentrepreneurs, officials of the Chamber of Commerce and officials of the Municipal Economic Development Management.
 Findings: The study provides information about the intrinsic reality that Peruvian MSEs are going through, that which economic indicators and quantitative studies do not provide.
 Contributions: The present study provides an analysis of the reality about economic growth, making a study of the phenomenology that this represents, with the respective hermeneutic analysis that is required, which could serve as a basis for the promotion and design of public policies for the economic development of the sector.
 Originality/value: This study is innovative due to the absence of research that addresses the social phenomenon of economic growth and its factors from the perspective of its protagonists, the entrepreneurs, which will contribute to the analysis of decisions for the development of these economic sectors.

Character education and philosophical values in Ranggawarsita’s works

In this disruption era, the Javanese character education values are increasingly being abandoned by modern society. This study aims to explore the character education and philosophical values in Ranggawarsita's work entitled Serat Sabdajati. This study used a qualitative method with a hermeneutic design. The source of the data in this research is Serat Sabdajati, which consists of five pages published in 1985 (Karkono's translation). The data were in the form of lingual units: words, phrases, clauses and sentences in the Serat Sabdajati stanzas. The data in this study were analyzed using referential semantics. The results of the study indicate that Serat Sabdajati contains the following educational and philosophical values: (1) the value of always being humble; (2) the value of always trying to be introspective; (3) the value of patience; (4) the value of always avoiding disgraceful acts; (5) values of belief in God and obedience to worship; (6) the value to always obey and comply with the rules; and (7) the value of always think positively about whatever is destined by God. The conclusion of this research is that Ranggawarsita's work of Serat Sabda jati teaches that humans must always remember they life journey, and where they will go. A comprehensive discussion is presented by comparing the results of this study with previous studies.

“At this age, I can do anything”: a phenomenological study exploring self-efficacy in pole dancing among middle-aged women

ABSTRACT Midlife is often a significant period as individuals experience changes in various dimensions of life. During this phase, women experience a multitude of biological adaptations and social transitions that negatively influence psychosocial outcomes which may be mediated through participation in meaningful recreational activities. Leisure-time physical activities have been positively associated with psychological health, social interactions, and personal development during midlife which can promote psychological well-being. The current qualitative study incorporated a phenomenological hermeneutic design to explore dimensions of self-efficacy manifested during pole dancing experiences among middle-aged women. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten middle-aged women who regularly participated in pole dancing in South Korea. Data analysis revealed self-mastery, observation, social feedback and positive energy experienced during pole dancing were significant factors that positively impacted emotional health and well-being. In the context of leisure and physical activity, self-efficacy establishes a motivational and behavioural framework to gain a deeper understanding of leisure participation, health outcomes and well-being. Findings suggest leisure-based physical activities such as pole dancing may serve as an outlet for women that enhances perceived capabilities through achievement, competence and social interaction which can contribute to personal and psychosocial benefits.

Participating in the Illness Journey: Meanings of Being a Close Relative to an Older Person Recovering from Hip Fracture-A Phenomenological Hermeneutical Study.

When an older person suffers an acute event, such as a hip fracture, it influences the whole family. Research shows that while close relatives want to be a part of the older person's life during recovery it is associated with a high perceived level of stress and burden. To provide in-depth knowledge of close relatives' experiences in this situation, the aim of this study was to elucidate meanings of being a close relative to an older person recovering from hip fracture surgery.This study has a qualitative descriptive phenomenological hermeneutical design. Narrative interviews were conducted with ten close relatives. Analysis was conducted using phenomenological hermeneutical interpretation which provided a deeper understanding of the close relatives' lived experiences of their older person's recovery from hip fracture surgery. The structural analysis revealed two themes; "Participating in the illness journey", which was constructed of the subthemes of facing the unimaginable yet expected, encountering healthcare personnel, and noticing recovery and "Putting oneself aside", which was constructed of the subthemes of placing daily life on hold, giving support, and feeling concern and fear.

Hans-Georg Gadamers Sprachlichkeit der hermeneutischen Erfahrung im Wechselspiel von Vernunft und Erfahrung, Wissenschaft und/oder soziale Vorstellungen, Tradition(en) und/oder Gemeinschaft am Beispiel von Thomas Morus' Utopia

Hermeneutics can be understood on the one hand as the art of interpretation, and on the other hand as a medium for dealing with the past, for conveying events, contexts or even writings in new ways of speaking for new recipients. The interpretation of writings, however, places special demands on hermeneutics: it does not take place in a sterile vacuum, but is rather embedded in a social and cultural context that shapes the interpretation or mediation and is an expression of a time, a fashion or a specific requirement of modernity. The question therefore arises as to what role reason and experience, science and/or social ideas, tradition(s) and/or community play in interpretation.
 Using Thomas More's masterpiece Utopia as an example, various resulting interpretative approaches to a concrete writing will be presented. Through the hermeneutic design of a historical horizon in relation to Thomas More's time as well as through the development of a historical awareness of the work, the possibility of an understanding of this world-famous, still controversial writing as well as the efficiency of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics will become recognisable.