Heritage Teaching Research Articles

Validation of an Instrument on Perceptions of Heritage Education through Structural Equation Modeling

The aim of this paper is to analyze the validity of a questionnaire designed to analyze teachers’ perceptions of how heritage is taught. The methodology used is quantitative with a non-experimental design based on a Likert-type questionnaire. The sample is non-probabilistic and consists of 132 primary education teachers from the region of Agrigento (Sicily, Italy). For the data analysis, a structural equation model has been employed. The results show that the validated questionnaire explains the variability of 60% of the surveyed teachers. The teachers identify three teaching approaches in accordance with the theoretical approach of the research: a traditional approach based on the memorization of contents, with which 58% of the teachers identified; a student-based model focused on active learning strategies (23%); and an intermediate model (21%). Consequently, a renewal can be appreciated in the teaching of heritage that can encourage the promotion of training with regard to heritage education and the use of an active teaching methodology. Finally, the instrument has been validated and shown to be appropriate, which implies that the conclusions drawn from applying the model serve to explain teachers’ perceptions of heritage teaching.

The Teaching of Historical Memory as a Tool for Achieving SDG 16 and Teachers’ Views on the Exile Memorial Museum (MUME) Routes

This article analyses the educational role of historical memory in Spain in the context of Education for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. The main objective is to show the utilitarian value of historical memory as an enabling element to achieve SDG 16: “Peace, justice and strong institutions”. The study analysed focuses on a very specific heritage product, the exile routes of the Exile Memorial Museum—MUME (La Jonquera, Spain), through a series of semi-open in-depth interviews with teachers who visited the routes. Their responses were cross-checked with the learning objectives for SDG 16 in its three categories: cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioural. The results of this cross-referencing show that there is a significant relationship between the teaching of heritage in places of memory and the block of socioemotional learning objectives, and more specifically with the third category, related to the display of empathy and solidarity.

Digital Technologies for Heritage Teaching: Trend Analysis in New Realities

The irruption of digital technologies in social contexts and their integration in educa-tion has led to new learning environments where the communication, interaction and access to knowledge are an essential part of the educational process. This paper shows a literature review and mapping of the most important technological tools used in the contexts where heritage teaching has been conducted in the last decade. For this aim developed a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in high impact journals through selective searches in the specialized databases Scopus and Science Direct. The findings show trends in the educational practice approach regarding herit-age, integrating emerging technologies such as augmented reality, 3D modelling, arti-ficial intelligence, QR coding and virtual reality that offer situated and immersive learning experiences on mobile apps and web-based platforms. From the studies analyzed in different contexts, it is concluded that the integration of digital technolo-gies in the teaching and heritage appropriation is a field that in recent years shows a clear increase, so that it is necessary to consider the potential of these tools in it’s diffusion, teaching and preservation to strengthen existing work lines and open up possibilities to future studies.

Quality Requirements for Implementing Augmented Reality in Heritage Spaces: Teachers’ Perspective

As a consequence of the scarcity of studies of augmented reality (AR) in Spain, this study developed a questionnaire to evaluate teachers’ perceptions on the use of AR for heritage teaching (n = 347 teachers: n = 131 in-service/n = 216 in-training). The objectives were to: (1) identify teachers’ existing knowledge about AR; (2) evaluate educational strategies teachers value most in AR apps for teaching; (3) evaluate necessary AR functions; (4) determine desired technical and functional characteristics; and (5) compare any significant differences between the two groups. The results provide a contribution to the increasing implementation of AR apps in heritage education, which promotes the understanding, enjoyment, experience and knowledge of heritage. Heritage education is increasingly present in Spanish classrooms due to awareness of the country’s rich heritage, and AR is a good tool for understanding and linking society with its heritage. From the results, it is clear that, despite their desire for implementation, there is a lack of teacher training in applying AR; both subsamples pointed out the importance of humanising the explanations in AR apps with experts or actors who mediate heritage and value the ease of use of these apps, multifunctionality, low battery consumption, and use in the background. Significant differences suggest potentially greater educational commitment among active teachers who seek deep and meaningful learning, above the superficiality and enjoyment reported by teachers in training and, on the contrary, the value placed on technical and visual aspects, related to the high use of mobile devices.

La Didáctica de la historia local de Córdoba a través del Museo arqueológico como praxis educativa en el Grado de Educación Primaria

In these pages there are some of the results of a research carried out with the third-year students of the Primary Education Bachelor Degree of the subject of Didactics of Social Sciences, of the University of Cordoba, during the academic year 2019/2020. The aim is to know the perception of future teachers about the value of the Archaeological Museum as a didactic resource. In our opinion, it is a useful tool for understanding the closest environment and for learning the historical processes, establishing a dialogue between the particular and the general, the specific and the abstract, and local with global phenomena. Likewise, attention was paid to the teaching of heritage, an element that directly interrelates the environment and the life of our students. All this with the intention of optimizing the quality of the teaching-learning processes of the Social Sciences.

Perceptions on the use of heritage to teach history in Secondary Education teachers in training

Recently, heritage education has undergone significant development, consolidating itself as a scientific discipline in the last two decades. In this sense, it is a key element for teaching history and training social and civic skills. However, in Spanish school contexts the presence of heritage in connection with historical education is currently scarce and anecdotal. Transforming this situation necessarily involves knowing the opinion of future Secondary Education teachers about the possibilities that they grant to heritage to develop historical thinking. Only in this way it is possible to detect the needs that future teachers show to intervene in them and improve training processes at the university. Therefore, this paper analyses the perceptions of heritage in future secondary education teachers at three Spanish universities (Malaga, Almeria, and Murcia), with a total sample of 112 participants (n = 112). It combines a quantitative study using a Likert scale questionnaire, with a qualitative one, by means of a series of open questions about the participants’ perceptions of teaching methodologies and didactic resources. This allows some striking conclusions to be drawn, as well as certain contradictions that allude to the gap between the hegemonic forms of teaching that they have known as students, and those that they would like to develop when they enter teaching. These trainee teachers attach great importance to the use of tangible and intangible heritage to teach history and make it an attractive subject. They also show great interest in local history, museums, and new technologies. All of this is rarely used in the teaching of history in Spain at the Secondary Education stage, and therefore is a deficiency that future teachers recognize needs addressing. The teaching of heritage should promote a greater role for students, making them builders of their own learning. This means acquiring not only concepts, but above all skills and civic values, based on the study of heritage.

Learning about urban contemporary heritage. The improvement of urban and heritage teaching through the application of Improvement Cycles in Classroom

Learning about urban contemporary heritage. The improvement of urban and heritage teaching through the application of Improvement Cycles in Classroom

Integrating educational theories into a feasible digital environment

Nowadays there is a tremendous effort to enhance educational procedure with the incorporation of new technologies aiming at the better understanding of educational material from students. In this direction many theories have been developed, some of which have been implemented into digital systems. A challenge here is to develop a system that integrates more than one of such theories in a harmonic way for the benefit of student community. In this work we attempt to give an answer to this challenge proposing a novel system that integrates the main characteristics of three well-known educational theories: learning objects, collaborative learning and mobile learning in the context of cultural heritage teaching and learning. Evaluation results suggest that such an attempt is technically feasible, the integrated characteristics of the educational theories remain visible to educators of cultural heritage courses, while cultural heritage educators positively accept the potential incorporation of the platform in the educational procedure.

A Study of Improve Space for Culture Convergence of Local intangible cultural heritage teaching hall

A Study of Improve Space for Culture Convergence of Local intangible cultural heritage teaching hall

El patrimonio a través de la educación artística en la etapa de primaria

Art education has been linked to the teaching of heritage in the curriculum of primary for the last three decades, as well as Social Sciences, the more implicated with cultural legacy subject, from LOGSE, through the LOE to the current LOMCE. However, with the latest educational reform, Art Education has lost importance, becoming an expendable matter, because a student can travel throughout the primary stage without receiving arts education. Indeed, the CCAA and centres may decide not to offer it or even, offering it, can not be chosen because the student must choose between arts, and other specific subjects such as Second Foreign Language, Religion and Social and Civic Values.Therefore, we propose a content analysis of the three great general education laws of the past three decades -LOGSE, LOE and LOMCE- in relation to the presence of heritage in arts education, in order to detect approaches and conceptions underlying the different curricular developments. This analysis will allow us demanding the recovery of content or lost skills, but also promote maximum development of those included in the curriculum.

Reconceptualising the teaching of heritage in schools

The broader education system in South Africa, and specifically history teaching, has undergone changes that aimed, on the one hand, to cleanse the subject content of discriminatory and incriminating practices and, on the other, to affirm previously neglected histories. By so doing, the principles of democratic citizenry such as critical thinking, clear reasoning and respect for multiple perspectives were envisioned to be enhanced. This paper, using a postcolonial discourse, reports on a study conducted in the Free State Province. It seeks to add to the debate on enhancing democracy through education and to augment the creation of sustainable learning environments by means of accommodating previously neglected forms of historical knowledge and heritage conceptualisation. Qualitative focus-group interviews were used to investigate the ways in which teachers conceptualise and teach heritage during their history lessons. Findings revealed that the participants’ initial training and socialisation plays an important part in conceptualising and teaching heritage from a predominantly colonial and imperialistic perspective. This approach continues to look down upon African knowledge systems and ways in which Africans make meaning of their past. Critical learning in such environments might be compromised, as experiences and interpretations from one perspective only are promoted. It is recommended that history educators be exposed to other ways of interpreting the past, for example postcolonial discourse, as this will assist in challenging the continuing legacy of imperialism, colonialism and apartheid instilled in history educators’ and learners’ approach towards the concept of heritage. The findings of the study have a direct impact on the initial and in-service training of history teachers in that a more open way is needed of looking at the past and the exposure to multiple perspectives in the teaching of history. KEYWORDS History Teaching, Heritage, Postcolonial Discourse

The Spanish Heritage Education Observatory / El Observatorio de Educación Patrimonial en España

The Spanish Heritage Education Observatory (SHEO) comprises two successive R&D&I projects whose goal is to trace, sort through, inventory, analyse and evaluate heritage education programmes produced both in Spain and in the international sphere from 2000 up to the present moment. In terms of research and knowledge transfer, SHEO’s main result has been its integration into the National Education and Heritage Plan — a specific programme devoted to heritage education research and heritage teaching innovation.

Educomunicación del patrimonio

Se presenta una síntesis de la actividad de investigación del grupo EDIPATRI, de la Universidad de Huelva. Los trabajos de investigación desarrollados por este grupo abordan el campo de la educación patrimonial, desde perspectivas interdisiciplinares, holísticas, simbólico-identitarias y sociocríticas. Tras indicar los antecedentes y contexto académico de este campo de investigación, se parte de la teoría de la comunicación como marco de referencia para la comprensión de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del patrimonio. Se presenta el instrumento básico de investigación, el sistema de categorías, marco analítico para los estudios de este grupo. Se muestran los resultados más<br />significativos obtenidos dentro del ámbito de la educación formal y no formal. Estos estudios ponen de manifiesto que, aunque sigue existiendo una importante carga tradicionalista a la hora de trabajar con el patrimonio, cada vez hay más propuestas que plantean una comunicación patrimonial<br />abierta, flexible, interactiva y dinámica. Esto implica una importante mejora<br />en la educación patrimonial y un futuro mucho más prometedor. Finalmente, se platean unas conclusiones que proponen líneas de investigación abiertas dentro de la educación patrimonial y que previsiblemente serán abordadas en un futuro, para la potenciación de lo que podríamos llamar una educomunicación patrimonial deseable.

The stories of our national past: History and heritage in a Jewish high school

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relationship between the teaching of history (the academic study of the past) and the teaching of heritage (meaningful stories tying people to a collective past). The research was conducted in a Jewish high school whose explicit mission involves teaching history through a US history course and heritage through an Israeli history course. Yet in reality, both classes, in different ways and to different effects, were engaged in a shared quest to help students understand the past and find meaning in its stories. This paper shows that history and heritage – often viewed by scholars as distinct enterprises – are neither clearly delineated nor mutually exclusive within the context of high school history education. By exploring two different attempts to navigate the murky waters of history and heritage, this paper highlights the tensions that arise when teachers aim to help students find personal and collective meaning, as well as intellectual stimulation, in their studies of the past.

EDUCATION, COMMUNITY AND RACIAL-ETHNIC RELATIONS: EXPERIENCES IN THE UNITED STATES AND MALI

Estudantes negros, como grupo, recebem um tratamento inferior tanto pelas políticas neoliberais quanto por escolas urbanas desprovidas de recursos; nas penitenciárias privadas, americanos negros são o grupo majoritário. O presente artigo contesta o pensamento e a teorização do modelo de Déficit Cultural, sobre a linguagem e a cultura das crianças negras, que têm sido tão prevalentes nos EUA. A pesquisa discutida nesse artigo interrompe este discurso da inferioridade negra e põe em evidência a importância de os estudantes desenvolverem uma consciência negra crítica, o que pode contribuir para sua excelência cultural e acadêmica. A pedagogia emancipatória para a liberdade humana, a qual promove que os estudantes tenham um senso positivo de identidade e de seu grupo étnico-racial, também é discutida. Ensino emancipatório para consciência negra crítica e liberdade humana significa resgatar história, memória e identidade de forma que os estudantes entendam a situação da América negra de uma perspectiva crítica e histórica. Educação para esse tipo de consciência requer que se conecte os estudantes às suas famílias, à história de suas comunidades e a seus ancestrais. São apresentados cinco princípios da pedagogia emancipatória que podem guiar a preparação do professor, o desenvolvimento do currículo, do texto didático, e da instrução baseada em padrões, bem como a promoção de relações étnico-raciais positivas. Estes são: conscientização, crítica da ideologia/crítica do racismo como ideologia, agência cultural/resistência à opressão, epistemologia dialética e ensino através de artes culturais. O exemplo do Clube Songhoy, um laboratório pedagógico para ensino da herança cultural a estudantes, doutorandos e pais engajados, demonstra como o ensino do idioma e cultura songhoy conecta os estudantes com sua herança africana, “do Nilo, ao Níger, ao bairro”. O ensino desse legado é fundamental, dado que o norte do Mali está ocupado por extremistas muçulmanos que destruíram artefatos culturais históricos em Timbuktu.Palavras-chave: Black Education; pedagogia emancipatória; consciência negra crítica; identidade étnico-racial.

EDUCAÇÃO, COMUNIDADE E RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAS: EXPERIÊNCIAS NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS E EM MALI

Estudantes negros, como grupo, recebem um tratamento inferior tanto pelas políticas neoliberais quanto por escolas urbanas desprovidas de recursos; nas penitenciárias privadas, americanos negros são o grupo majoritário. O presente artigo contesta o pensamento e a teorização do modelo de Déficit Cultural, sobre a linguagem e a cultura das crianças negras, que têm sido tão prevalentes nos EUA. A pesquisa discutida nesse artigo interrompe este discurso da inferioridade negra e põe em evidência a importância de os estudantes desenvolverem uma consciência negra crítica, o que pode contribuir para sua excelência cultural e acadêmica. A pedagogia emancipatória para a liberdade humana, a qual promove que os estudantes tenham um senso positivo de identidade e de seu grupo étnico-racial, também é discutida. Ensino emancipatório para consciência negra crítica e liberdade humana significa resgatar história, memória e identidade de forma que os estudantes entendam a situação da América negra de uma perspectiva crítica e histórica. Educação para esse tipo de consciência requer que se conecte os estudantes às suas famílias, à história de suas comunidades e a seus ancestrais. São apresentados cinco princípios da pedagogia emancipatória que podem guiar a preparação do professor, o desenvolvimento do currículo, do texto didático, e da instrução baseada em padrões, bem como a promoção de relações étnico-raciais positivas. Estes são: conscientização, crítica da ideologia/crítica do racismo como ideologia, agência cultural/resistência à opressão, epistemologia dialética e ensino através de artes culturais. O exemplo do Clube Songhoy, um laboratório pedagógico para ensino da herança cultural a estudantes, doutorandos e pais engajados, demonstra como o ensino do idioma e cultura songhoy conecta os estudantes com sua herança africana, “do Nilo, ao Níger, ao bairro”. O ensino desse legado é fundamental, dado que o norte do Mali está ocupado por extremistas muçulmanos que destruíram artefatos culturais históricos em Timbuktu.Palavras-chave: Black Education; pedagogia emancipatória; consciência negra crítica; identidade étnico-racial.