Heritage Planning Research Articles

Civil Law in the Context of Inheritance: Drafting a Validand Functioning Will

This research aims to explore the aspects of civil law related to inheritance with a focus on the preparation of legal and functional wills in Indonesia. Wills are important documents in estate planning that can reduce potential disputes between heirs. However, public understanding of the importance of wills and the legal provisions that govern them is still low. Through a normative juridical approach, this study collects data from literature studies, analysis of laws and regulations, case studies, and interviews with legal practitioners and the public. The results of the study show that the involvement of notaries in the preparation of wills is very important to ensure the validity of documents and prevent disputes. Although there are various educational programs regarding wills, their effectiveness still needs to be improved. The recommendations resulting from this study include the need for increased cooperation between legal practitioners, educational institutions, and community organizations in educating the public on the importance of heritage planning. Thus, it is hoped that public awareness of the preparation of wills will increase, so that the practice of inheritance planning in Indonesia can be more effective and in accordance with the applicable legal provisions.

Dziedzictwo kulturowe w procesie rozwoju lokalnego na obszarach niezurbanizowanych

The aim of this article is to show how cultural heritage can be used for local development. The article takes the form of a case study, focusing on the rural commune of Stegna located in the Pomeranian Voivodship. The empirical material was provided by ethnographic research carried out in 2019, its subject-matter being cultural heritage understood according to the constructivist approach. The ethnographic study included desk research, observations of local initiatives, and individual interviews with representatives of the local community. The material thus gathered was interpreted using Gregory Ashworth’s concept of heritage planning. The article emphasised the fluid nature of heritage as a resource that can be used to initiate processes of local development. A particular situation is the presence of so-called “dissonant heritage”, the specific nature of which has a significant impact on its use in development processes.

Recommendation System for Sustainable Day and Night-Time Cultural Tourism Using the Mean Signed Error-Centric Recurrent Neural Network for Riyadh Historical Sites

To accommodate user-specific requirements and preferences, a travel Recommendation System (RS) gives a customized place of interest. The prevalent research did not provide solutions to some essential situations for cultural tourism, including relevant time, environmental conditions, and stay places. Thus, the existing RS models led to unreliable cultural tourism recommendations by neglecting essential factors like personalized itineraries, environmental conditions of the cultural sites, sentiment analysis of the hotel reviews, and sustainable cultural heritage planning. To overcome the above factors, a day- and night-time cultural tourism RS utilizing the Mean Signed Error-centric Recurrent Neural Network (MSE-RNN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed work develops an efficient RS by considering historical data, Geographic Information System (GIS) map location, hotel (stay place) reviews, and environmental data to access day and night cultural tourism. First, from the Geographic Information System (GIS) map and hotel data, the historical and hotel geolocations are extracted. Currently, these locations are fed to Similarity-centric Hamilton Distance-K-Means (SHD-KM) for grouping the nearest locations. Next, hotels are ranked utilizing the Tent Mapping-centric Black Widow Optimization (TM-BWO) approach centered on the locations. In addition, using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), the essential keywords from the historical geo-locations are embedded. In the meantime, the sites’ reviews and timings are extracted from Google. The extracted reviews go through pre-processing, and the keywords from the pre-processed data are extracted. For the extracted keywords, polarity is calculated centered on the Valence-Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning (VADER). Concurrently, utilizing the Reference-centric Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R-PCC), the timings of the sites are segregated. Lastly, for providing a recommendation of tourist sites, the embedded words, ranked hotels, and segregated timings, along with the pre-processed environment and season data, are fed to the MSE-RNN classifier. At last, the experimental evaluation verified that other recommendation systems were surpassed by the proposed approach.

Role of Community Empowerment in the Sustainable Cultural Heritage Management: A Review

The study's objective is to examine the role of cultural heritage in socially sustainable development and, through the descriptive analysis, provide a comprehensive understating concerning cultural heritage management, social empowerment, and sustainable development. The study highlights the importance of long-term planning, community engagement, and strengthening partnerships in developing sustainable cultural heritage management. Quality integration with economic, social-cultural, and environmental values is essential for further sustainable cultural heritage conservation. The descriptive analysis utilized in the study provides the theoretical understanding of community empowerment in the cultural heritage and its positive effects, such as social cohesion, well-being, and conflict elimination. These contributions represent the prerequisite of socially sustainable development. The documentary evidence analysis demonstrates the essence of community engagement in cultural heritage planning. Municipality document analysis reveals constraints of cultural heritage practice, particularly community participation organization in cultural heritage management. Distinct authors highlight the core contributors to successful community involvement in sustainable cultural tourism development: Knowing sustainable development principles, cultural heritage potential, and possible positive and negative implications of tourism. Practical cooperation between governmental, non-governmental, and educational organizations generates the prerequisite for effective cultural heritage management. The national strategy document for cultural heritage highlights the importance of social inclusivity in heritage planning and management. However, community participation in the process needs improvement, particularly in the context of Akhmeta municipality.

Concept and Application of Industrial Heritage Planning Decision in Big Data Era

With the rapid development of big data technology, more and more fields are realizing the importance of big data and applying it to various decision-making processes. Industrial heritage planning decisions are no exception. This article will explore the concept and application of industrial heritage planning and decision-making in the era of big data, aiming to emphasize the importance and application value of big data in industrial heritage planning and decision-making. This article analyzes the development relationship between the construction and transformation of urban industrial utilization and the theory and practice of industrial heritage. Through theoretical and practical technical analysis of specific regions, the value utilization of industrial simulation design has been improved. Through in-depth data mining, the government found that the industrial structure of the region is dominated by traditional manufacturing, lacking support from high-tech industries, and the pollution problem of the surrounding environment is also relatively serious. In response to these issues, corresponding planning plans have been formulated, including measures to introduce high-tech industries, optimize industrial structure, and improve environmental quality. By implementing these measures, the comprehensive strength of the region has been significantly improved and the economic transformation and upgrading have been successfully achieved.

Capturing experts’ knowledge in heritage planning enhanced by AI: A case study of windcatchers in Yazd, Iran

Experts have always played an important role in heritage planning, practice, and theory. There is a wealth of literature published every year regarding heritage and its cultural significance. Experts also contribute to heritage planning and developing policy documents. Still, literature is rarely used as a source of primary research to systematically reveal and compare experts’ opinions on the cultural significance of built heritage. Analyzing them as a whole is costly and time-consuming, especially on built heritage, when much has been written about. While the automation of methods has proven to mitigate such restrictions in other fields, as digital humanities, their application in heritage planning, practice, and theory is still scarce. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the potentials of AI models (e.g., multi label text classification) in analyzing scientific documents, revealing the cultural significance of built heritage, values and attributes. This was done to better understand the similarities and differences between the experts’ opinions. Yazd, Iran, is taken a case study, with a particular focus on windcatchers, a key attribute conveying cultural significance, of outstanding universal value, due to its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This paper has three subsequent phases: 1) state of the art on the application of AI in heritage planning; 2) methodology of data collection and data analysis related to coding values and attributes of windcatchers, addressed in relevant documents; 3) preliminary findings on the experts’ opinions over values and attributes of windcatchers. Results contribute to the scientific discussion, revealing the cultural significance of windcatchers of Yazd from experts’ point of view. Besides, the potential of AI for heritage planning is revealed in terms of (de)coding and measuring the cultural significance of built heritage from the available documents, showing the opinions of experts with various backgrounds. This model can be applied to other key attributes in Yazd and other case studies and scales to support heritage planning, practice, and theory.

Heritage Websites as a Useful Addition to the Planning Toolkit in Singapore

This article analyses the extent to which heritage websites serve as a useful addition to the heritage planning toolkit in Singapore. Drawing on questionnaire surveys and interviews with 26 public servants in Singapore's public planning offices, a group of respondents usually difficult to access, this study reveals how and why this group of planners utilize heritage websites. Using Singapore's prevailing ‘3R' heritage conservation principle as a metric, this study also explores whether the information on heritage websites addresses heritage planning needs. Implications for heritage website design and use for other countries and the broader planning context are also outlined.

Silenced Heritage: Israel’s Heritage Plan Vis-à-Vis Non-Jewish History

Cultural heritage (e.g., historic buildings, memorials and museums) has been used to construct and negotiate various identities and meanings in the present, specifically in the context of nation-states. In transforming the past into heritage, however, States may disregard other histories—ones which deviate from the historical narratives they promote. In this paper, I discuss the case of the Heritage Plan, Israel’s official cultural heritage policy. Specifically, by using the discursive approach, I expose and assess cases of silencing competing histories which would challenge the history promoted by the Heritage Plan. My findings suggest that, in addition to privileging Jewish heritage, the Heritage Plan is used as a mechanism for erasing competing, non-Jewish histories. This article presents three case-studies of silencing: the first investigates the Druze heritage center; the second inquires into Israeli heritage practices in the West Bank; the third examines the Castel national heritage site associated with the 1948 war. The analysis of these cases reveals how the Heritage Plan is guided by ethnic and religious factors, whereby heritage assets are not necessarily promoted according to their full historical value, but are instead used to sustain current power structures.

The political ideology underlying Israel’s national cultural heritage policy

ABSTRACT This article explores the historical processes, socio-political contexts, and ideological tendencies that underlie the development of the Heritage Plan, Israel’s official cultural heritage policy. I argue that the Heritage Plan does not merely invest in the conservation of tangible and intangible Israeli national heritage assets; in addition, it employs cultural heritage as an educational tool for creating a ‘unifying national ethos’ to ensure the continuous existence of Zionism – in the eyes of the policy’s architects. To understand the concrete manifestations of this policy in relation to its ideological roots, I adopted a critical discourse analysis lens to examine various data materials, including official documents and interviews. My findings lead to a direct connection between the Heritage Plan and the rise of a specific ideological interpretation of Zionism, which combines Anglo-American conservative concepts with selected political-Zionist ideas. This study retraces how conservative-Zionism informed the decision-making process behind the Heritage Plan’s creation and demonstrates how this ideology continues to influence the policy’s current implementation.

Research and practice in harmonising nature and culture in Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India

PurposePlanning for Jaipur City in Rajasthan, north-western India, which was added to the World Heritage List in 2019, considers the surrounding hills and water systems. Rapid urbanisation is currently placing strain on the area, and natural resources and city green spaces are deteriorating. A multidisciplinary team of academicians, researchers and practitioners was assembled under the Heritage Place Lab (HPL) initiative with the aim of developing a research agenda to complement the city's Special Area Heritage Plan (SAHP) that is currently in development.Design/methodology/approachGiven the complicated urban structure of Jaipur, an interdisciplinary approach involving experts from various fields and engagement from all levels of the city's stakeholders was necessary. The partnership proceeded following the parameters provided under the HPL to jointly build a research agenda focussing on the management challenges of the World Heritage Site.FindingsThe co-produced research programme narrowed its initial emphasis on documenting of the natural heritage of the city to reflect the functions it served in a social setting. It was also revealed that the conflicting nature of activities within the World Heritage Site is caused by overlapping jurisdictions of several administrative and legislative components.Originality/valueJaipur, examined here by an interdisciplinary Research-Practice Team, provides a valuable and unique case study for heritage management, particularly given that most historic cities in India are facing comparable concerns surrounding urbanisation with rising pressures on natural resources.

Developing an identities-based approach to support more robust resilience and recovery in heritage planning and management

Resilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage field, particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought. However, on a conceptual and practical level, resilience remains closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage, and there remains a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconomic components. This article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fill these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated disasters. We first review the literature and policy documents to define and identify the potential for identities-based approaches. We then examine the case of Matera, an extremely fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for more than 8000 years and provides a relevant example of resilience. We explore the trends and effects of globalised tourism development before the pandemic and the post pandemic emergence of more local/regional and slow tourism patterns, largely based on cultural solutions to local development challenges and knowledge exchange. Through this comparison, we analyse the potential and limitations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a more robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.

Public participation and consensus-building in urban planning from the lens of heritage planning: A systematic literature review

Public participation has been growing in both theory and practice of urban planning, including heritage planning. The reasoning is to facilitate the involvement of a broader group of stakeholders, beyond experts. More specifically, for heritage planning, participation could enable consensus-building on defining the significance of heritage, namely attributes (the resources that should be listed as heritage), and values (the reasons that attributes are important). However, there is not yet a holistic understanding of the influencing factors behind consensus-building in the participatory planning processes for cultural heritage. To evaluate existing research from this angle, a systematic literature review was conducted on peer-reviewed articles using the Scopus database. As most of the studies focuse on urban planning, this research examines the factors influencing consensus-building in the participatory planning process applied to urban and heritage planning and reflects on the applicability of these factors in heritage planning. The main factors were identified inductively and grouped into two categories: 1) public participation: actors, methods, and levels of public participation, and 2) consensus: approaches, and conflicts. The relations between these factors and their frequencies are investigated using statistical analysis methods, namely frequency analysis, independent-samples t-test, and Spearman correlation. The literature confirms that urban planning has applied more diverse methods and tools for public participation compared to studies in the field of heritage planning, and could inspire heritage planning. Conflict is recognized as an intertwined concept with consensus which is considered either as a challenge or as a necessity for an inclusive decision-making. By proposing a framework integrating these factors and sub-factors and illustrating their relationships, this research could also be useful for decision-makers and practitioners to better tailor the public participation process and means to implement it, considering the relevant factors involved.

The Usefulness of the Johari Window for the Cultural Heritage Planning Process

The standard heritage planning process follows the trajectory of identification, nomination, evaluation, listing and protection. The epistemology of the nominations and valuations is only rarely, if ever, examined. The Johari window was developed by the psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham as a tool to examine group dynamics, in particular an individual’s position in, and their relationship and interactions with others in a group. This paper examines the usefulness of the Johari window for the Cultural Heritage Planning Process. Based on the interrelationship of what oneself and others know about each other and are prepared to divulge, the Johari window allows to conceptualize overlapping levels of knowledge and ownership within five newly defined epistemological domains. It also serves as an analytical tool to systematically query the heritage universe of a community and thereby examine the composition and comprehensiveness of heritage registers as well as nominations that have been put forward.

Delineation of The Heritage City of Sumbawa Besar

Pusaka is a relic from the past that has historical value, contains the quality of thought, and has a very important role in the social dimension of human life. Therefore, heritage has a strong influence on the architectural style that is unique to a city. Heritage City can be interpreted as a city in which there are cultural heritage areas and/or cultural heritage buildings that have important values ​​for the city. So that the city places the implementation of heritage planning and preservation activities as the main strategy for developing the city. The parameters used in preparing the heritage city delineation consist of three, namely heritage assets or buildings, social-economy and patterns of relationships/interactions. Based on the results of the classification of heritage city areas, a Heritage City Delineation Map can be compiled. The heritage city delineation is divided into three zones, namely the Core Zone with an area of ​​11.13 ha, the Supporting Zone with an area of ​​29.97 ha, and the Buffer Zone with an area of ​​16.54 ha. The heritage assets included in the Core Zone are the Dalam Loka Palace, the Sultanate Mosque, Bala Puti, Kokar Dano, the Information Office, and the Mina Mano Restaurant. The heritage assets that are included in the Support Zone are Bala Kuning Palace, Bala Datu Ranga, Ex Public Works Office, Bala Batu Ode, Animal Health Office, Doctor's House, Bala Datu Arong, PO Bus Together, Paksing, Japanese Tangsi, and High Builder (New Bud Shop). While the heritage assets inside the Buffer Zone are the Horse Race Field (Prags Field) and Ai Awak.

Delineation of The Heritage City of Sumbawa Besar

Pusaka is a relic from the past that has historical value, contains the quality of thought, and has a very important role in the social dimension of human life. Therefore, heritage has a strong influence on the architectural style that is unique to a city. Heritage City can be interpreted as a city in which there are cultural heritage areas and/or cultural heritage buildings that have important values ​​for the city. So that the city places the implementation of heritage planning and preservation activities as the main strategy for developing the city. The parameters used in preparing the heritage city delineation consist of three, namely heritage assets or buildings, social-economy and patterns of relationships/interactions. Based on the results of the classification of heritage city areas, a Heritage City Delineation Map can be compiled. The heritage city delineation is divided into three zones, namely the Core Zone with an area of ​​11.13 ha, the Supporting Zone with an area of ​​29.97 ha, and the Buffer Zone with an area of ​​16.54 ha. The heritage assets included in the Core Zone are the Dalam Loka Palace, the Sultanate Mosque, Bala Puti, Kokar Dano, the Information Office, and the Mina Mano Restaurant. The heritage assets that are included in the Support Zone are Bala Kuning Palace, Bala Datu Ranga, Ex Public Works Office, Bala Batu Ode, Animal Health Office, Doctor's House, Bala Datu Arong, PO Bus Together, Paksing, Japanese Tangsi, and High Builder (New Bud Shop). While the heritage assets inside the Buffer Zone are the Horse Race Field (Prags Field) and Ai Awak.

The Need to Articulate Historic and Cultural Dimensions of Landscapes in Sustainable Environmental Planning—A Swedish Case Study

Ignoring the historic and cultural dimensions of landscapes makes environmental planning unsustainable, which in the long run, will have a negative impact on both the environment and society. This paper examines the work and perceptions of practitioners with a focus on the role of historic and cultural landscape dimensions and their relation to the recent implementation of the ecosystem service framework in sustainable environmental planning. Semi-structured interviews with officials at local and regional planning levels in a Swedish case study showed that the historical landscape forms the basis for environmental work. Respondents expressed an integrated view of the landscape, and historic and cultural landscape dimensions were considered important in the initial planning process. However, several challenges existed later in the planning process and final decision-making, such as conceptual ambiguities, unclear policy and assignments, limited cross-sectorial coordination and lack of awareness, knowledge, resources and other priorities. The results also show that the respondents worked regularly with intangible landscape dimensions, which can be defined as cultural ecosystem services, but they do not label them as such. Furthermore, established knowledge and expertise of heritage planning was not activated in the implementation of the ecosystem service approach. We conclude that historic and cultural landscape dimensions are not ignored in practice, but there is a need to articulate these aspects more clearly in order to achieve sustainable environmental planning. There is also an unexplored opportunity to connect skills and create new forms of cross-sectorial collaboration between heritage planning and the ES approach.

‘The Jewish people in their homeland’: the discursive mechanisms of Israel’s cultural heritage policy

ABSTRACT This article critically examines the discursive structure, operational mechanism, and historical narratives embedded in the Heritage Plan, Israel’s official cultural heritage policy since 2010. One central stated goal of the policy is to strengthen Israel’s heritage infrastructure to convey the idea of ‘the Jewish people in their homeland’. This article uses the concept of the ‘Jewish people in their homeland’ to explore the guiding premises of the policy. By analysing a variety of data sources (such as policy documentation and interviews with the policy’s architects), this study investigates the discourse which constitutes and is constituted by the Heritage Plan. The findings suggest that the Heritage Plan is guided by international heritage conservation policies such as UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention which have been adapted to the Israeli context. Specifically, this adaptation is derived from a particular interpretation of Zionist historiography, which in turn guides the goals, selection criteria for heritage sites and ultimately the historical narratives presented by the Heritage Plan.

Cultural Heritage, Sustainability, Conservation, and Social Welfare. A Management Plan for the Historic Municipal Buildings of Seville (Andalusia, Spain)

ABSTRACT Significant international forums and programmes, particularly the 2016 United Nations Conference Habitat III and the Horizon Europe, emphasise the need to address heritage management planning in cities from a comprehensive and inclusive perspective in balance with environmental issues. Accordingly, this research develops cross-cutting, alternative, and sustainable strategies for the design of a management process for municipal heritage assets in historical cities, which have been implemented in the city of Seville (the Management Plan for Heritage Municipal Buildings of Seville). This plan, finally approved in 2022, involves 130 symbolic buildings of which one third are either under-utilised or abandoned. The research focuses on the design of the developed methodology and presents the resulting 9 management programmes with 30 action lines created for the organisation of these heritage sites into a comprehensive system. Seville’s municipal built heritage plan implies the involvement of academics and researchers from a wide range of disciplines, public agents, and local actors who can guarantee a sustainable process and integrated governance in the future. In conclusion, the research shows an innovative design process for cultural heritage management based on the premise that such buildings are resources for contemporary local development and for a better quality of life.

The UNESCO site of the Casbah in the Master Plan of Algiers (PDAU): between heritage requirements and the need for coordination

This article addresses the question of how to protect those historical, urban sites, inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, from the negative impact of stress, caused by the urban dynamic. We put forward the hypothesis that, as part of a holistic vision of protection, safeguard measures must be integrated into the urban development plans for those towns in which these sites are an integral part. This will avoid conflict between the demands of development, and the safeguard measures. Through the example of the UNESCO site of the Casbah, we will examine the strategy of the PDAU of Algiers, to safeguard of the UNESCO site and its reintegration into the Algiers agglomeration. This article adopts a methodology based on a critical, comparative analysis of the strategic heritage plan, as laid down in the PDAU. It examines the proposed safeguarding measures and evaluates its coordination with the safeguarding plan. An examination of the solutions proposed by the PDAU reveals several morphological weaknesses and contradictory prescriptions, favoring a poor connection between the safeguard plan and the PDAU. Consequently, only an integrated approach to urban conservation will reinforce the protection of the site and ensure its reconnection with the Algiers metropolis.

Capturing Experts’ Voices: Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Heritage Planning

Capturing Experts’ Voices: Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Heritage Planning