Herbal Nutritional Supplements Research Articles

Strategy For Sustainable Development and Feed Processing Technology Using Chopper Machine for Goat Farming in Dolok Ilir I Simalungun Regency

Sustainable development in animal husbandry through feed processing technology using modern machines is needed to increase the productivity of goats in Dolok Ilir I, Dolok Batu Nanggar District, Simalungun Regency. The problems faced by the service partners include maintenance management and preparation of animal feed that could be more optimal, thus reducing the productivity of goats. In addition, technology in the form of automatic equipment or machines and housing management for incentive management is also needed. Some solutions to problems are the Assisted Village Service Team conducting activities in the form of 1) Training on feed preparation and making herbal nutritional supplements for goats, 2) Provision of goat feed production machines and training in the use of chopper machines, 3) Construction of goat cages for intensive management. The service method applied is using media in the form of banners and training practices. Training practices are carried out by providing material and demonstrations on preparing feed, making herbal nutritional supplements, and operating a grass chopper machine. The results of the activities that have been carried out show an increase in farmers' knowledge and skills related to making feed preparation, making herbal nutritional supplements and operating chopper machines with an achievement rate of 95%. Science and technology in community service activities have been applied by farmers so that they can increase the sustainable development of animal husbandry in the Fostered Village. The participation of village officials also supports the progress of livestock development in the Assisted Village of Dolok Ilir, Simalungun Regency.

Exploration of antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of fresh and freeze-dried Hellenia speciosa, Coccinia grandis and Gymnema sylvestre leaves

IntroductionThe drying method can have an impact on the stability and composition of bioactive compounds in plant materials, as well as their therapeutic activities. This study aimed at evaluating the anti-glycation and antioxidant properties of freeze-dried and fresh leaves of selected ayurvedic medicinal plants. MethodsFresh and freeze-dried leaves of Hellenia speciosa, Gymnema sylvestre and Coccinia grandis were extracted separately with 95% ethanol. The extracts were studied for their anti-glucosidase, antiglycation, glycation-reversing activities and uptake of glucose by yeast cells. Antioxidant activities of extracts were evaluated using ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activities. ResultsAll extracts of the freeze-dried leaves showed significant (P < 0.05) anti-glucosidase, antiglycation, and glycation-reversing activities than the fresh leaves of the same species. The freeze-dried leaf extract of H. speciosa demonstrated the highest antiglycation, anti-glucosidase, and glycation reversing activities among the plant species, with IC50 values of 100.76 ± 5.99 µg/ml, 28.11 ± 1.30 µg/ml and EC50 values of 147.24 ± 3.86 µg/ml, respectively. In addition to that, freeze-dried H. speciosa showed the maximum ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. ConclusionsThis study confirmed that freeze-dried leaves have promising anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties that can be used to develop herbal nutritional supplements or functional foods for diabetes mellitus treatment.

Herbal supplementation improves clinical outcomes among diabetes mellitus patients

Hyperglycemic conditions are still common in diabetes melllitus (DM) patients with routine therapy. Rural communities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta habitually consume herbal medicines. Herbal nutritional supplements (MHM) were developed as additional therapy to increase the success of achieving therapeutic targets for DM patients. This study aimed to identify the clinical picture of DM patients who were given MHM at public health center (PHC) in the rural areas of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. This retrospective study was conducted on 94 DM patients with routine therapy. Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and had agreed to the informed consent were divided into two groups. Patients in the treatment group were asked to consume herbal supplement preparations (MHM) for 20 days. On day 21, each group measured clinical outcome parameters (blood pressure, blood glucose levels, triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine). The mean difference test between the two groups (t-test) was carried out using a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the consumption of MHM herbal nutritional supplements for 20 days reduced blood sugar levels, Hb A1C levels, and urea levels (p&amp;lt;0.05). There were no differences in blood pressure, pulse, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and creatinine levels between the two groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). Administration of MHM for 20 days increased clinical outcomes in blood sugar, HbA1c, and urea levels in DM patients at PHC.

Nutrient’s composition of costus lucanusianus stem

The search for solution to malnutrition problem in it various forms particularly in developing countries necessitated the exploration of indigenous plants and spices that has been widely utilized for diverse purposes. The study was aimed at evaluating the nutrients composition of costus lucanusianus stem which include proximate, minerals, vitamins and amino acids analyses. Proximate composition was assessed by AOAC methods, minerals by (AAS), and vitamins by U.V spectrophotometer and amino acid by Gas chromatography spectrophotometer. Proximate composition revealed moisture content (74.87±0.70mg/100g), carbohydrate (19.44±0.98mg/100g), crude fiber (3.24±1.29mg/100g), crude fat (1.10±0.26mg/100g) and ash (0.89±0.19mg/100g) the least. Caloric value (kcal/100g) was 89.54±6.46. Macro and micro minerals includes calcium (28.14±27.11mg/100g),Phosphorous (20.50±17.17mg/100g) and Potassium (18.34±17.12mg/100g) Iron (35.56±17.12) and Zinc (21.91±0.63). Vitamin present include vitamins B2 (1.85±0.65), B6 (1.75 ± 0.01), B9 (1.75 ± 0.01mg/100g), B1 (1.36 ± 0.10mg/100g), A (1.04±0.00mg/100g), and E (1.20. ±0.07mg/100g). Amino acid present include lysine (20.38 ± 0.15mg/100g), threonine (18.58 ± 0.24mg/100g), methionine (16.21 ±0.57mg/100g) and Phenylalanine (13.47 ±0.41mg/100g). Glutamine (41.41±0.93mg/100g), cystein (37.90 ±0.39mg/100g), asparagine (27.25±0.10mg/100g), alanine (23.33±0.40mg/100g), aspartic acid (21.36±0.41mg/100g) and glutamic acid as the least (0.07±0.02mg/100g). Costus lucanusianus stem, could serve as herbal nutritional supplement considering its rich macro and micro nutrients constituent.

Navigating herbal dietary supplements: Oral chemotherapy drug interactions in a community cancer center.

e19239 Background: The number of FDA-approved oral chemotherapy medications has continued to increase as has their incorporation into cancer treatment plans. Oncology pharmacists play an integral role in assessing and navigating drug interactions for patients. At Southcoast Centers for Cancer Care (SCCC), oncology pharmacists meet with patients to review/counsel on newly initiated oral therapy. One of the areas assessed during the visit is the use of herbal nutritional supplements. Pharmacists utilize available institutional resources to assess potential interactions and collaborate with the University of Rhode Island (URI), Drug Information Services (DIS), when information is not readily available. Methods: Patient responses about utilization of herbal dietary supplements during pharmacist-patient counseling sessions were assessed. All positive responses triggered a drug-supplement interaction screen. Number of patients taking herbal dietary supplements was tabulated and their use was characterized. Results: From October 2016-June 2019, 187 patients were counseled. Of these, 44/187 (24%) were taking herbal dietary supplements. SCCC pharmacists consulted the URI DIS on 10/44 (23%) patients to assist in identifying, researching, and recommending a care plan. The most frequently used supplements were melatonin and marijuana/CBD oil. The most frequently used supplements that required further consultation included curcumin. Conclusions: Consistent with findings from the general population taking prescription medications, we found that approximately 25% of patients taking oral chemotherapeutic medications were also actively taking herbal dietary supplements. Little data exists regarding oral chemotherapy agents and herbal dietary supplement interactions. Careful questioning/review/research of potential interactions is needed to prevent interactions and maximize effectiveness of oral chemotherapy.

Effects of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Moringa oleifera&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Biochemical Constituents on Kidney, Liver and Brain of Wister Rats

Medicinal plant have evolved over the centuries as essential parts of African civilization and are widely recognized today as representing its rich cultural and scientific heritage. The increasing demand for Medicinal plant products has renewed interest in the pharmaceutical industry in the production of herbal health care formulations, herbal-based cosmetic products, and herbal nutritional supplements. Thus, in addition to serving medical and cultural functions, Medicinal plants in Africa have economic importance. Global and national markets have been growing for medicinal herbs, and significant economic gains are being realized through the sale of medicinal plant products. The aim of this particular investigation was to observe the effects of Moringa oleifera 80% methanol leaf extract on the histological architecture of kidney, liver and brain tissues. Fifteen (15) rats were randomLy divided into three (3) with five rats per group. Rats were exposed to 2000 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera extract per os (p.o) along with the control group that was placed on commercial diet. There was no observed mortality in all experimental rats but there is deleterious effect in brain, liver and kidney in those that were exposed to higher doses especially the 2000 mg/kg. It’s therefore concluded that higher dose of Moringa oleifera is toxic while moderate doses is safe to most vital organs especially brain, liver and kidney. There is need for further investigation to identify the phytochemical constituents that are responsible for the toxic effects.

Pharmacological effects of ginseng on infectious diseases.

Ginseng has been traditionally used as an herbal nutritional supplement in Asian countries, including Korea, China, Japan, and Vietnam for several millennia. Most studies have focused on the role of ginseng on anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Recently, modulator activities of ginseng on the immune responses during pathogenic bacterial and viral infections and beneficial effects of ginseng in infectious diseases have been elucidated. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed the potential of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides Rg1, Rg3, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, compound K, Re, Rd, Rh2 for treatment of several infectious diseases. The molecular mechanisms of these effects mainly involve inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10), apoptotic pathway (bcl-2, bcl-xL), PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPKs pathway, JAK2/STAT5, NF-κB pathway, and the inflammasome. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the effects of ginseng in the immune responses during the infections and its bioactivities on the prevention of infectious diseases as well as its underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of ginseng as an anti-bacterial and anti-viral medication and vaccine adjuvant will be discussed as well.

Combinational effect of resveratrol and atorvastatin on isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

Introduction:Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol present mainly in grapes. It has been shown to offer strong cardio protection in animal models due to its ability to correct lipid peroxidation and maintain antioxidants level. Atorvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, lowers cholesterol level and is commonly prescribed to heart patients. Our aim in this study was to see the combination effect of these two drugs against Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats.Materials and Methods:Wister Albino rats were treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day, p.o), atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/day, p.o) and in combination (resveratrol [10 mg/kg/day, p.o] + atorvastatin [10 mg/kg/day, p.o]) for a period of 25 days and from 15th till 25th day Isoproterenol (5 mg/kg/day, s.c) was co-administered to rats to induce cardiac hypertrophy.Results:A significant increase in creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and lipid peroxidation with the significant decrease in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed in Isoproterenol treated rats. Resveratrol, atorvastatin and their combination significantly reversed the effect. The histopathological studies and myocardial infarct size evaluation also confirmed the protection.Conclusion:Comparing the data we came to this conclusion that atorvastatin although showed the protection along all the parameters, the extent of protection offered by resveratrol alone and in combination were more effective. Hence, it can be concluded that resveratrol, an herbal nutritional supplement, alone and in combination is better against cardiac hypertrophy.

Nutritional Content and a Phase - I Safety Clinical Trial of a Herbal-Nutritional Supplement (Imuniti) With Putative Immune-Modulating Properties

The relationship between HIV and AIDS and poor nutrition has been well established. Poor nutrition hastens the progression of HIV infection to AIDS. The rising pandemic of HIV and AIDS and high toxicity associated with anti-retroviral use are major factors that have compelled research to explore traditional herbal medicines as potential alternatives or supplements to anti-retroviral agents. A Phase I clinical trial was conducted on IMUNITI Wellness Pack, a herbal product with putative immune-modulating properties. The product is a combination of 7 herbal preparations, minerals, vitamins, and a specially formulated soya-maize meal porridge and a bottle of water purifier. The aim was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IMUNITI, with a purpose of developing it for use in HIV-infected patients. The phase I study was conducted at the MRC clinic in Botha's hill and the study lasted 5 weeks from date of participant dosing. The study was a randomised blinded placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial conducted on 48 healthy males. The participants were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12. The 3 groups received different escalating doses of IMUNITI while the forth group received placebo tablets. Participants consumed IMUNITI daily for a period of 5 weeks. Assessments were done at baseline, week 1 and week 5 to determine the safety parameters in all participants. In this study, IMUNITI did not show any safety concerns. In all study participants, there were no significant changes above the upper limit of the reference ranges of the laboratory tests for full blood count, INR, renal and biochemical safety parameters. IMUNITI was well tolerated. Furthermore, the nutritional content analysis of IMUNITI showed that it is a high kilojoule, high protein content product which contains a mixture of sugars, vitamins, traces of calcium, phosphorus and minerals.

The Effect of Five Weeks of Tribulus terrestris Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Body Composition During Preseason Training in Elite Rugby League Players

Tribulus terrestris is an herbal nutritional supplement that is promoted to produce large gains in strength and lean muscle mass in 5-28 days (15, 18). Although some manufacturers claim T. terrestris will not lead to a positive drug test, others have suggested that T. terrestris may increase the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio, which may place athletes at risk of a positive drug test. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of T. terrestris on strength, fat free mass, and the urinary T/E ratio during 5 weeks of preseason training in elite rugby league players. Twenty-two Australian elite male rugby league players (mean +/- SD; age = 19.8 +/- 2.9 years; weight = 88.0 +/- 9.5 kg) were match-paired and randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to either a T. terrestris (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11) group. All subjects performed structured heavy resistance training as part of the club's preseason preparations. A T. terrestris extract (450 mg.d(-1)) or placebo capsules were consumed once daily for 5 weeks. Muscular strength, body composition, and the urinary T/E ratio were monitored prior to and after supplementation. After 5 weeks of training, strength and fat free mass increased significantly without any between-group differences. No between-group differences were noted in the urinary T/E ratio. It was concluded that T. terrestris did not produce the large gains in strength or lean muscle mass that many manufacturers claim can be experienced within 5-28 days. Furthermore, T. terrestris did not alter the urinary T/E ratio and would not place an athlete at risk of testing positive based on the World Anti-Doping Agency's urinary T/E ratio limit of 4:1.

Determination of active components of Ginkgo biloba in human urine by capillary high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with on‐line column‐switching purification

Ginkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbal nutritional supplements, with terpene lactones and flavonoids being the two major active components. An on-line purification high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method was successfully developed for the quantitative determination of flavonoids and terpene lactones excreted in human urine after ingesting the herbal supplement. Satisfactory separation was obtained using a C18 capillary column made in-house with sample clean-up and pre-concentration achieved using a C18 pre-column with column switching. High selectivity and limits of detection of 1-18 ng/mL were achieved using a selected ion monitoring (SIM) scan in negative ion mode; the on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) recovery of the active components in Ginkgo biloba determined in this study was greater than 75%.

Current and future prospects of integrating traditional and alternative medicine in the management of diseases in Tanzania

Traditional medicine and medicinal plants, in general, continue to be a powerful source of new drugs, now contributing about 90% of the newly discovered pharmaceuticals. Traditional medicine continues to provide health coverage for over 80% of the world population, especially in the developing world. The past and the present are all full of living examples of discoveries of drugs, ranging from anticancer, antiasthma, antidiabetic, antihypertensives and many others which owe their origin to traditional medicine. The current era of HIV/AIDS is not short of contributions from traditional medicine. The recent discovery of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), calanolide A, is a new addition from traditional medicine. Many more such discoveries are yet to come. While this potential is much acknowledged, little has been done in African countries, to utilize the plants that are already known and proven to be safe for use by patients. A number of plants could be widely cultivated for local industrial production of medicines and herbal nutritional supplements. There is need to ensure that what is known is made use of, for financial gain, and for improvement of the health of our people. We need to establish the necessary expertise for development of traditional medicines and deliberate efforts should be made to encourage local industrial production of traditional/herbal medicines so that cultivation may become possible and hence contribute to poverty reduction.

PANAX NOTOGINSENG SUPPLEMENT IMPROVES ENDURANCE AND OXYGEN UPTAKE BUT NOT SKIN BLOOD FLOW

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Panax Notoginseng (PN ginseng), an herbal nutritional supplement on skin blood flow (SkBF), skin temperature (Ts) and cardiorespiratory response to exercise, and blood lipid profile in young adults. METHODS Thirty-four subjects, age 20–35 yr, were randomly assigned to an experimental (EXP, n=17) or control (CON, n=17) group. Using a double blind design, the EXP group were given 450 mg of PN ginseng capsule by mouth, and the CON group consumed 450 mg of starch capsule, 3 times a day for 30 days A maximal cycle ergometer test was used to obtain subject's peak VO2, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP); and a constant load (65% VO2peak) cycle test was used to obtain exercise time to exhaustion (Tmax), SkBF and Ts of the arm and thigh, HR, BP, MAP, and minute ventilation (VE). All participants gave written informed consent to serve as subjects. A 2 2 (group x test) ANOVA and t-test statistics were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. RESULTS show that the EXP improved Tmax (30.6 ± 12.8 min vs. 34.6 ± 12.7 min, p <0.05), and decreased (p <0.05) VO2 and VE measured at the 24th min constant load cycle test. However, PN ginseng supplement used in this study did not affect SkBF, Ts, peak VO2, HR, BP, MAP and blood lipids. The CON shows no significant change in all measurements between the pre-and post-test. Alkaline phosphotase level (143.2 ± 28.4 vs. 55.9 u/l ± 16.9 u/l) was lowered (p <0.05) after taking the supplement. CONCLUSION We conclude that Panax Notoginseng supplement prolongs exercise time to exhaustion and reduces VO2 and VE during constant load exercise; however, it does not significantly affect skin blood flow and skin temperature at rest and during exercise. (Supported by the Chuang Foundation)

Chaparral-Induced Toxic Hepatitis-California and Texas, 1992

Cases of acute toxic hepatitis in two patients--one in California and one in Texas--have been attributed to ingestion of an herbal nutritional supplement product derived from the leaves of the creosote bush known commonly as chaparral. This report summarizes the investigations of these cases.